簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 徐鵬翔
Pung-Hsiang Hsu
論文名稱: 領導風格對員工創造力之影響 — 以台灣公立博物館為例
The Influences of Leadership Styles on Employee's Creativity — the Cases of Public Museums in Taiwan
指導教授: 蔡錫濤
Tsai, Shir-Tau
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 147
中文關鍵詞: 博物館主管員工領導風格創造力
英文關鍵詞: museum, supervisor, employee, leadership style, creativity
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:170下載:27
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 組織環境會影響員工的創造力,而主管的領導風格又是環境中影響員工行事最大的變數之一;因此,在組織環境中主管的領導風格對員工創造力有著強大的影響力。當員工受到主管鼓勵、支持、信任及授權的情況下容易產生更多的創意。

    本研究有兩項主要的目的。首先,分析國立科學工藝博物館、國立自然科學博物館、及國立故宮博物院中主管所屬之領導風格。其次,研究上述博物館中主管如何影響員工的創造力。此三家博物館不僅以自然科學、科技及中華文物教育大眾,此外也在台灣文化創意產業的推進上扮演了重要的角色。因此,充分瞭解領導者在此新興產業上的影響是非常重要的。

    本研究在進行文獻分析後,對上述博物館中的主管及其直屬部屬進行個案研究中的深度訪談。此研究總結,在本研究個案的公立博物館中主管有一共同的複合領導風格-支持及參與式領導。雖然此複合領導風格的主管鮮少重視員工個人的創造力發展,但他們仍會激發或至少影響員工的創造力,而影響的多寡則取決於其授權及相互溝通的程度。此類型的主管會以不同的形式給予員工表達創意的機會。然而,在此複合領導風格的帶領下,員工是否願意提出他們的創意則取決於其內外控取向。最後,本研究中的個案員工在其主管支持及參與式的領導下都能有創新的想法及產出。

    Organizational environment would influence employee’s creativity; nevertheless, supervisor’s leadership is the one of the most powerful elements in it. Consequently, supervisor’s leadership style is one of the effective factors in the organizational background that determines employee’s creativity. Employees tend to more easily produce creative ideas when they are encouraged, supported, trusted and authorized by supervisors.

    There are two main purposes in this study. First, it is to distinguish what types of leadership supervisors in the public museums, including National Science and Technology Museum, National Museum of Natural Science, and National Palace Museum, in Taiwan belong to. Second, it is to study how supervisors in these museums influence employees』 creativity. These three museums not only play important roles of educating people with natural science, technology and abounding Chinese heritage but also push the creative industry forward in Taiwan. It is significant to understand the influence of leadership on this upcoming industry.

    After the literature review and case study, in-depth interviews were conducted with supervisors and their subordinates in the above-mentioned museums. In the conclusion of this study, supervisors in the public museums in Taiwan have a mutual leadership style – supportive and participative. Although the supervisors with this mutual leadership style do not value employees』 personal creativity development much, they would either inspire or at least not influence subordinates』 creativity, depending on the level of authorization and communication. This type of supervisors would greatly give opportunities for employees to deliver creative ideas by different ways. Nevertheless, whether employees are willing to propose creative ideas or not depends more on their locus of control under this mutual leadership style. And fortunately, the employees would carry out innovative ideas and products in the end under their supervisors』 leading.

    ABSTRACT (English).…………..……………..………………………..…………....I ABSTRACT (Chinese)…………..……………..………………………..…………...II TABLE OF CONTENTS…………...………….…………………………......……..III LIST OF TABLES………………………….......…………………………………....V LIST OF FIGURES……………………..…….………………………..…………...VI CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION……………….....…………………….…………1 Research Background and Motive…………....…………………………………1 Research Purpose…….…………………………….……………………………4 Statement of Question………….…………………..……………………………5 Research Delimitation and Limitation…….….…………………………………6 Definitions of Term…..……………………….…………………………………7 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW………….………………………………9 Creativity………………………………………..………………….………9 Creative Person……………………………..………..………………..…10 Creative Process…………………………….……………………………16 Creative Product…………………………………………………………21 Creative Place/Press………………………………..……………………23 Leadership Style………………………………………………………………29 Definition of Leadership……………...….…….………………………29 Leader…………………………………………………….………………32 Leadership Theories and Styles………………..………………………33 Relationship between Leadership and Creativity………………….………53 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………….……………59 Research Framework………………..……………..…………………………59 Research Method…...……………………………………………….…………60 Research Subject………………………………………………………………62 Data Collection……………………………………………….………………64 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………66 Procedure of Data Coding…………….…………..…………………………68 Research Procedure………………...…………………………………………71 CHAPTER IV. FINGDINGS AND DISCUSSION…………………...…….…73 Supervisors’ Leadership Styles in Taiwanese Museums………………....….…73 Influence of Supervisors’ Leadership Styles on Employees’ Creativity…….…94 Attention Supervisors Pay on Employees’ Creativity Development………..…98 Opportunities Supervisors Give for Employees to Deliver Creative Ideas…..103 III Supervisors’ Influence on Employees’ Willingness to Propose Creative Ideas106 Innovative Outcomes Employees Have Done………………….………….…109 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGETIONS...............……..………..115 Research Conclusion………..……………………………….……………..…115 Research Suggestion………….…………….……………….………………..129 REFERENCES………...…………………………………..............……..……….131 APPENDIX A. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS..............................……..……..…137 APPENDIX B. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LEADERSHIP STYLES………139 APPENDIX C. EXAMPLE OF TRANSCRIPT.................................……..…141 APPENDIX D. CODING TABLE...................................................…..………..145

    毛連塭、郭有遹、陳龍安、林幸台(2000)。創造力研究。台北:心理。
    陳龍安、朱湘吉(1999)。創造與生活。台北:五南。
    黃奕光(2003)。Asian創造力—為什麼西方人比東方人有創造力。台北:台灣培生教育。
    蕭瑞麟(2006)。不用數字的研究—鍛鍊深度思考力的質性研究。台北:台灣培生教育。
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998)。創造力。台北:時報文化。
    Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. B. (2006)。質性研究:設計與計畫撰寫。台北:五南。
    Robbins, S. P. & Coulter, M. (2003)。管理學。台北:華泰。
    Sternberg, R. J. (2005a)。創造力I – 理論。台北:五南。
    Sternberg, R. J. (2005b)。創造力II – 應用。台北:五南。

    Albrecht, K., & Albrecht, S. (1987). The creative corporation. Illinois: Dow Jones-Irwin.
    Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. NY: Springer-Verlag.
    Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10 , 123-167.
    Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, September- October, 1998, 77-87.
    Amabile, T. M., & Gryskiewicz, N. (1989).The creative environment scales: The work environment inventory. Creativity Research Journal, 2, 231-254.
    Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G. B., & Kramer, S. J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 5-32.
    Andriopoulos, C., & Lowe, A. (2000). Enhancing organizational creativity: the process of perpetual challenging. Management Decision, 38, 474-734.
    Barron, F. B., & Harrington, D. M. (1981). Creativity, intelligence, and personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 439-476.
    Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. NY: Harper & Row.
    Besemer, S. P., & Treffinger, D. J. (1980). Analysis of creative products: review and synthesis. Journal of Creativity Behavior, 15(3), 158-178.
    Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). Breakthrough in organization development. Harvard Business Review, November-December, 1964.
    Carson, P. P., & Carson, K. D. (1993). Managing creativity enhancement through goal-setting and feedback. Journal of Creative Behavior, 27, 36-45.
    Cates, C. (1979). Beyond muddling: Creativity. Public Administration Review, 39, 527-532.
    Chandler, G. N., Keller, C., & Lyon D. W. (2000). Unraveling the determinants and consequences of an innovation-supportive organization culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(1), 59-76.
    Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. London: Sage.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Society, culture, and person: A system view of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp. 325-329). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). The domain of creativity. In M. A. Runco & R. S. Albert (Eds.), Theories of creativity (pp. 190-215). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity. NY: Harper Collins.
    Csikzentmihalyi, M., & Wolfe, R. (2000). New conceptions and research approach to creativity: Implications of a systems perspective for creativity in Education. In K. A. Heller, F. J. Monk, R. J. Sternberg & R. F. Subotnik (Eds.). International handbook of giftedness and talent (pp. 81-94). NY: Elsevier.
    Cummings, A., & Oldham, G. R. (1997). Enhancing creativity: managing work contexts for high potential employee. California Management Review, 40(1), 22-39.
    Davis, G. A. (1986). Creativity is forever. Iowa: Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Company.
    De Bono, E. (1971). Creativity and the role of lateral thinking. Personnel, May-June, 9-18.
    Deci. E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, Plenum Press.
    Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Freeman, J. (1983). Emotional problems of the gifted child. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 481-485.
    Gardner, H. (1988). Creativity: An interdisciplinary perspective. Creativity Research Journal, 1, 8-26.
    Gary A. Yukl (1998). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Guilford, J. P. (1985). The structure-of-intellect model. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 225-266). NY: Willey.
    Haustein, H. D. (1981). Human resources, creativity and innovation: The conflict between homo faber and hono wdern. Behavior Science, 26(3), 243-255.
    Hershey, P., & Blanchard, D. (1977). Management of organizational behavior, 3rd ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Hershey, P., & Blanchard, D. (1982). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources, 4th ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    House, R. J., & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Contemporary Business, 3, Fall, 81-98.
    Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (1987). Educational administration theory, research and practice, 3rd ed. New York: Random House.
    Isaksen, S., Dorval, K. B., & Treffinger, D. J. (1994). Creative approaches to problem solving. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa.
    Isaksen. S. G., & Lauer K. J. (2002). The climate for creativity and change in Teams. Creativity and Innovation Management, 11(1), 74-85.
    James, L. R., & James, L. A. (1989). Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 739-751.
    Jennifer M. G. & Gareth R. J. (2002). Organizational Behavior, 3rd ed. N.J.: Prentice Hall.
    King, N., & Anderson, N. (1990). Innovation in work groups. In M. A. West, & J. L. Farr (Eds), Innovation and creativity at work. New York: Wiley.
    Kirton, M. J. (1999). Manual: Kirton adaptation-innovation inventory, 3rd ed. Hatfield, UK: Occupational Research Centre.
    Leonard, D. A., & Swap, W. C. (1999). When sparks fly. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
    MacKinnon, D. W. (1978). In search of human effectiveness: Identifying and developing creativity. Buffalo, NY: Bearly Limited.
    Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. New York, NY: Van Nostrend.
    Mayer, R. E. (1999). Fifty years of creativity research. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 449-460). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69, 20-232.
    Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. & Gaddis, B. (2003). How creative leaders think: Experimental findings and cases. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 411-432.
    Mumford, M. D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B., & Strange, J. M. (2002). Leading creative people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 705-750.
    Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factor at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 607-627.
    Osborn, A. F. (1963). Applied imagination, 3rd ed. NY: Scribner.
    Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review, 68, 73-93.
    Ragazzoni, P., Baiardi, P., Zotti, A. M., Anderson, N., & West, M. (2002). Italian validation of the team climate inventory: a measure of team climate for innovation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(4), 325-336.
    Rauch, C. F., & Behling, O. (1984). Functionalism: Basis for an alternate approach to the study of leadership. NY: Pergamon Press.
    Redmond, M., Mumford, M. D., & Teach R. (1993) Putting creativity to work: Effects of leader behavior on employee creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55, 120-151.
    Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. In S. G. Isaksen (Ed.), Frontiers of Creativity Research (pp. 305-310). NY: Bearly Limited.
    Rogers (1962). Toward a theory of creativity. In H. H. Anderson (Ed.), Creativity and its cultivation. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
    Rubenson, D. L., & Runco, M. A. (1992). The psycho economic approach to creativity. New Ideas in Psychology, 10, 131-147.
    Scott, S. G., & Bruce, A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
    Shamir, B., House, R. & Arthur, M. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4, 1-17.
    Shin, J. S., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: Evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 703-714.
    Smith, G. P. (2002). The new leader: Bringing creativity and innovation to the workplace. Georgia: Chart Your Course.
    Stahl, M. J., & Koser, M. C. (1978). Weighted productivity in R&D: Some associated individual and organizational variables. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 20-24.
    Sternberg, R. J. & Lubart, T. I. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospects and paradigms. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3-15). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the crowd: cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. New York: The Free Press, A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc.
    Sternberg, R. J., & Luburt, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 34(1), 1-31.
    Tannenbaum, R., Irving, R. W., & Fred, M. (1961). Leadership and organization: A behavioral science approach. NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591-620.
    Torrance, E. P. (1966). Torrance tests of creative thinking, norm-technical manual. N J: Personnel Press.
    Trice, H. M., & Beyer, J. M. (1991). Cultural leadership in organization. Organization Science, 2, 149-169.
    Tushman, M. L., & O』Reilly, C. A. (1997). Winning through innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
    Vroom, V. H., & P. W. Yetton (1973). Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
    West, M. A. (1989). Innovation among health care professionals. Social Behavior, 4, 173-184.
    Witt, L. A., & Beorkrem, M. N. (1989). Climate for creative productivity as a predictor of research usefulness and organizational effectiveness in an R&D organization. Creativity Research Journal, 2, 30-46.
    Woodman, R. W., Sawer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321.
    Yamamoto, K. (1965). Creativity: A blind man's report on the elephant. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 12, 428-434.
    Yong, L. M. (1994). Managing creative people. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 28, 16-32.
    Zhou, J., & Oldham, G . R. (2001). Enhancing creative performance: Effects of expected developmental assessment strategies and creative personality. Journal of Creative Behavior, 35(3), 151-167.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE