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研究生: 陳士章
Shih-Chang Chen
論文名稱: 臺灣阿美族法制之研究
A Study on the Construction of Legal System in Amis’ People
指導教授: 施正鋒
Shih, Cheng-Feng
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 政治學研究所
Graduate Institute of Political Science
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 286
中文關鍵詞: 法倫理學規範倫理學法律人類學法社會學民族法學阿美族法
英文關鍵詞: Legal Ethics, Normative Ethics, Legal Anthropology, Sociology of Law, Ethnic Law, Amis’ Law
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 阿美族是臺灣原住民族當中最大的族群,前後經過文化解構、融合及重構階段。學界討論原住民族權利保障以及法律體系建構,有時直接進入如何修訂憲法的研究,而未能先從解釋法律的方法入手,完整地思考現行法制其實存有許多足以對應處理原住民族權利保障的條文,可以給予周延的認識與理解,藉以實現原住民族人權的保障。畢竟法律的修訂,必須通過複雜的程序,遠不如法律解釋來得平常容易;在實現原權保障的策略順序上,法律解釋恆應先於法律制定。
    台灣現行法規範對於原住民族的人權保障,如足以給予充分保障的條文,依循正確的問題意識,把握正確的觀念,賦予恰當的解釋,即使在法律未予修訂之前,也能提供原住民族完足的人權保障。
    因此,所謂保障原住民族人權之國家法制,必須兼顧個人不因原住民族身分而受國家法令歧視之權利保障,以及原住民族做為一個整體以成為享受國家法令提供平等保障之權利主體的位置安排。檢討憲法增修條文原住民族條款與原住民族基本法等法令規定是否妥適,必須以此為審視基點。
    準此,本文欲從四個方面來探討阿美族所欲建立的法律解釋或是法律價值體系:首先,透過探討國內外民族法學理論,理解法律人類學所勾勒之價值;次之,研析既有法規範體系秩序中轉型正義與原住民族權利與法制的糾葛與衝突;再者,針對阿美族法規範的調查與整理,提出見解;最後,歸納出阿美族法律體系之建立,延續既有憲政秩序,所建構之法律解釋、適用以及司法審查基準,應朝何種方向邁進,提出建議。

    Amis’ People are the basic unit and most amounts of indigenous people in Taiwan. Tribal culture has gone through the phases of destruction, integration, and reconstruction. The enhancement of the legal system subjectivity is the extreme expression of Taiwan indigenous people movements. Legal subjectivity is demonstrated in that whether the indigenous people have the right to determine their developments in politics, economy, society, culture, and education. This dissertation first reviews the traditional institution of the aboriginal tribes and understands the governmental ideology in tribes and clans, so as to analyze what legal subject would be, how their structures conflict with each other, and the condition of restructuring. Afterwards, the study suggests the framework of forming the relationship of equal rights and coexistence between legal autonomy and national governance. The applied research methods include literature method, interview method, historical research, and comparative research.

    中文摘要 英文摘要 第一章 緒論.............................................................................................................................................1 第一節 研究動機與目的..................................................................................1 第二節 研究方法與架構.................................................................................11 第三節 研究範圍與限制.................................................................................17 第二章 文獻分析與理論探討...................................................................................29 第一節 法律人類學與政治人類學..............................................29 第二節 比較法方法論.........................................................................................50 第三節 法制體系化與結構論...............................................................65 第三章 阿美族群之基礎研究................................................................................83 第一節 憲政體系與族群之概念........................................................83 第二節 年齡階級與祭司之制度........................................................94第三節 權力分立與規範之運作.......................................................104 第四章 阿美族公法規範體系...................................................................................115 第一節 部落憲政規範.........................................................................................115 第二節 行政管理規範.........................................................................................126第三節 刑事政策規範.........................................................................................138 第五章 阿美族私法規範體系...................................................................................147 第一節 所有權...................................................................................................................147 第二節 財產法...................................................................................................................164第三節 身分法...................................................................................................................176 第六章 結論................................................................................................................................................187 第一節 研究發現..........….....…....................................................................………...187 第二節 研究建議..........….....…...........................................................................……197 第三節 研究展望..........….....….........................................................................…..…209 參考文獻............................................................................................................................................................219 附錄 附錄一:問卷調查彙整成果 附錄二:次數分配 附錄三:原住民族語言書寫系統 附錄四:101年阿美族歲時祭儀放假日核定公告 附錄五:阿美語羅馬拼音翻譯對照 表 次 表1-1:原住民族的法律地位......................................................................................27 表2-1:傳統法與國家法之比較..............................................................................33 表2-2:國家權力結構與法律制度.....................................................................73 表3-1:族群的學界認定.......................................................................................................85 表3-2:阿美族社會組織功能......................................................................................88 表3-3:日治時期部落會議之罰則.....................................................................90 表3-4:傳統命名制的年齡階級............................................................................95 表3-5:新創命名制的年齡階級............................................................................96 表3-6:新創命名制的年齡階級............................................................................97 表3-7:阿美族年齡階級結構....................................................................................99 表3-8:社會結構之權力分立....................................................................................109 表3-9:歷次修憲與原住民相關之內涵.................................................112 表5-1:部落所有財產..............................................................................................................150 表5-2:部落公有權利取得方式............................................................................150 表5-3:家氏族所有之財產.............................................................................................151 表5-4:個人所有之財產......................................................................................................156 表5-5:家畜類型................................................................................................................................170 表5-6:交易物類型.......................................................................................................................171 表5-7:珍貴物類型.......................................................................................................................172 表5-8:不動產類型.......................................................................................................................173 表6-1:準用地方制度法規關係............................................................................194 圖 次 圖1-1:台灣阿美族法律發展.........................................................................................16 圖1-2:法律發展歷程...................................................................................................................18 圖1-3:法律體系....................................................................................................................................20 圖1-4:台灣阿美族的法律發展................................................................................21 圖2-1:法規範演化光譜..........................................................................................................35 圖3-1:權力分立之結構功能......................................................................................105 圖5-1:阿美族群之親屬關係......................................................................................179 圖6-1:個案規範的法律地位....................................................................................188 圖6-2:個案規範與法律制度......................................................................................189 圖6-3:一般法律位階........………………................................................................................191 圖6-4:原住民族法律位階..................................................................................……...192 圖6-5:法源順位..............................................................………………………..……….............194 圖6-6:歐陸法系國家的原住民族法制....….....................…................198圖6-7:英美法系國家的原住民族法制....…..............………..................198 圖6-8:平等權之內涵........………………................................................................................202

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