研究生: |
李瑞玉 Lee Juiyu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
重大災難事件中央政府危機溝通策略之研究--以九二一大地震的新聞報導為例 |
指導教授: |
吳宜蓁
Wu, Yi-Chen 項國寧 Shuang, Kuo-Ning |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
大眾傳播研究所 Graduate Institute of Mass Communication |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 132 |
中文關鍵詞: | 重大災難 、危機溝通 、危機管理 、九二一 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:277 下載:41 |
分享至: |
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九二一大地震對台灣政府與媒體而言,都是一次震撼教育。政府首次面臨如此規模龐大的災難事件,雖粗具危機管理概念,但危機溝通作法上仍嫌生疏;媒體在這場災難中充分扮演中介的角色,大幅新聞報導量,固然提供各界充分的發聲機會,但災變初期,卻因電子媒體某些主持人的發言,政府將民怨歸咎於媒體的偏頗報導,因而爆發激史上雙方最激烈的隔空喊話。
九月二十六日,中央政府對媒體的不滿終於不可扼抑,一連四天,上至總統、副總統、經建會主委、行政院秘書長、新聞局等,透過各種方式向媒體訴說對近日震災新聞處理的不滿。有些中央部會首長委婉地透過讀者投書,有些甚至直接點名批判特定媒體與個人,雙方對峙情勢一度緊繃。
在九二一大地震中,媒介究竟是如何建構中央政府的作為?真如經建會主委江丙坤先生26日對媒體投書中所言,媒體盡是指責政府無效率或作秀,批評多、鼓勵少,未善盡民眾與政府間的橋樑角色?
本研究以量化的內容分析法,針對九二一大地震發生前十天中國時報、自由時報、聯合報三大報的報導內容,從三方面加以分析:第一,報導基本資料:包括報導總數、每天各報報導數量的分布變化及分布版面;第二,純淨新聞的報導內容:包括報導方式、消息來源、所展現出的政府危機溝通策略;第三,評論方面:包括媒體評論數量、評論對中央政府的評價及評論大致內容等,一窺媒體報導背後的政府危機溝通策略。
研究後歸納為三項結論:(一)重大災難事件中媒體消息來源趨於多元,但仍以政府為主,且災難一旦突破臨界點,資訊的流動會印證混沌理論,媒體自身觀察採訪所得的報導會大幅增加,資訊沙皇仍舊存在。(二)重大災難事件中政府危機溝通傾向於採取雙向,類似行銷手法,符合理論中危機溝通策略設計的四項核心要點。(三)重大災難事件中政府危機溝通策略成效有限,問題可能在於媒體與民眾對政府普遍缺乏信心。以九二一大地震為例,政府危機溝通策略雖具成功要件,但成效不彰。
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