研究生: |
陳珣沛 Chen, Hsun-Pei |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
《七個猶太小孩》的論述與戲劇奇觀 Discursive and Theatrical Spectacle of Seven Jewish Children |
指導教授: |
蘇子中
Su, Tsi-Chung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
英語學系 Department of English |
論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 104 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 98 |
中文關鍵詞: | 《七個猶太小孩》 、以巴衝突 、反猶太主義 、奇觀 、戲劇研究 |
英文關鍵詞: | Seven Jewish Children, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, anti-Semitism, spectacle, theater studies |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205196 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:182 下載:29 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文旨在研究卡瑞•邱琪兒(Caryl Churchill)的劇作《七個猶太小孩》與其引發的爭議。邱琪兒將此劇的搬演視為一政治事件,意圖平衡英國國家廣播公司(BBC)在2009年加薩戰爭期間的報導,同時也表態支持遭受以色列軍方轟炸的巴勒斯坦人民。此劇的倫敦首演引來強烈批評,控訴邱琪兒與其劇散播反猶太思想。我挪用奇觀的概念作為論文的框架,先將劇本的爭議放在論述奇觀的架構中檢視,進而指出此一文本分析產生的論述困境。而後我回到劇場與表演的空間,在戲劇奇觀的脈絡下探討劇本演出的可能性,試圖為此劇平反。
本篇論文主要分為四個部分。序論作為對《七個猶太小孩》背景的初步介紹,提供以巴衝突的歷史脈絡和劇本的概觀,並從劇評中整理出其爭議點。第一章分析劇本中的涉及反猶太爭議的題材,而後探討反猶太論戰中隱含的問題。第二章從亞陶、布萊希特與波瓦的戲劇理論切入,將此劇放回表演的脈絡,藉此反抗劇本文本的單一詮釋。觀察不同版本的演出,我主張此劇能展現各種觀點並跳脫反猶太爭議的限制,指出戲劇展演對抗媒體奇觀的可能性。最後,我藉由引介其他為解決以巴衝突所作的發聲,肯定邱琪兒以戲劇創作對不安、無常的生命所表達的關懷。
My thesis concerns itself with Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children: A Play for Gaza and the controversy surrounding it. Viewing the play as a political event, Churchill wrote it in an attempt to balance the news coverage by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and to support the Palestinians in the midst of the ongoing Gaza bombardment. The London premiere caused accusations against Churchill of being hostile toward Israel in an anti-Semitic manner. I apply the framework that circumscribes the play’s text, controversy, and performance under the rubric of discursive and theatrical spectacle. Examining the discourses generated in the play’s script and the criticisms of the play that reveal various critical standpoints, I suggest that the textual analysis of the play results in an impasse. I aim to introduce the play’s multi-faceted perspectives to the understanding of the Israel/Palestine question through the exploration of theater practices.
This thesis is divided into four parts. The Prologue serves as an introduction which provides an overview of the play’s background, script, and the problem in narrating Israeli/Palestinian history. In Chapter One, I delve into the controversial references in the playtext which have received critical attacks based on an anti-Semitic reading and point out the problem inherent in the criticisms of the play. Chapter Two discusses the play’s theatrical value in the context of Antonin Artaud, Bertolt Brecht, and Augusto Boal. Through the examination of different adaptations, I maintain the play’s ability to present manifold viewpoints that divests the play of an anti-Semitic interpretation. Therefore, I draw attention to the possibilities of theater spectacle that can counteract the images produced by media dissemination. In the Epilogue, introducing the activists promoting critical thought through their engagement in the Israel/Palestine question, I conclude the thesis with the concerns about the precarious life that Churchill’s play aims at.
Ackerman, G.A, and J. M. Bale. “The Potential for Collaboration between Islamists and Western Left-Wing Extremists: a Theoretical and Empirical Introduction.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict: Pathways toward Terrorism and Genocide. 5.3 (2012): 151-171. Print.
Adiseshiah, Siân. “Political Returns on the Twenty-first Century Stage: Caryl
Churchill’s Far Away, Drunk Enough to Say I Love You? and Seven Jewish
Children.” C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century Writings 1.1 (2012): 99-117.Print.
Aloni, Udi, Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, and Judith Butler. What Does a Jew Want?: On Binationalism and Other Specters. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. Print.
Artaud, Antonin. The Theater and Its Double. New York: Grove Press, 2004. Print.
Badiou, Alain, Bruno Bosteels, and Martin Puchner. Rhapsody for the Theatre. London: Verso, 2013. Print.
Baumel-Schwartz, Judith Tydor. Perfect Heroes: The World War II Parachutists and the Making of Israeli Collective Memory. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 2010. Print.
Beckford, Martin. “Prominent Jews Accuse Royal Court Play of Demonising
Israelis.” The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2014.
Benjamin, Walter. “What Is Epic Theater?” Ed. Teresa Brayshaw and Noel Witts. The Twentieth-Century Performance Reader. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2014. 64-70. Print.
Berman, Russell A. “Roundtable on Günter Grass’s ‘Was gesagt werden muss’(What Must Be Said).” German Studies Review 36.2 (2013): 381-3. Print.
Billington, Michael. “Seven Jewish Children.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 11 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
Boal, Augusto. Games for Actors and Non-Actors. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.
Bogdanor, Paul. “Manifestations of Antisemitism in British Intellectual and Cultural Life.” Resurgent Antisemitism: Global Perspectives. Ed. Alvin H. Rosenfeld. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. 65-94. Print.
Brater, Enoch. “The ‘Absurd’ Actor in the Theatre of Samuel Beckett.” Educational Theatre Journal. 27.2 (1975): 197-207. Print.
Brecht, Bertolt, and John Willett. Brecht on Theatre: The Development of An
Aesthetic. New York: Hill and Wang, 1964. Print.
---. “Short Description of a New Technique of Acting Which Produces an Alienation Effect.” Ed. Teresa Brayshaw and Noel Witts. The Twentieth-Century Performance Reader. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2014. 101-12. Print.
---. The Measures Taken, and Other Lehrstucke. London: Eyre Methuen, 1977. Print.
Brown, Mark. “Royal Court Acts Fast with Gaza Crisis Play.” The Guardian.com. Guardian Media Group, 24 January 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
Bussell, H. “Excellent Resource for Understanding A Complicated Issue.”
Amazon.com. Amazon.com, 3 Oct. 2004. Web. 23 Aug. 2014.
Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso, 2004. Print.
Campbell, Patrick and Adrian Kear. Psychoanalysis and Performance. London: Routledge, 2001. Print.
Caplan, Neil. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories. Chichester, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print.
Carney, Sean. “Caryl Churchill: The Dionysian Mobius Strip.” The Politics and Poetics of Contemporary English Tragedy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. 175-230. Internet resource.
Chan, Mark. “Biased.” Amazon.com. Amazon.com, 21 June 2013. Web. 23 Aug.2014.
Churchill, Caryl. Seven Jewish Children: A Play for Gaza. NickHernBooks.co.uk. London: Nick Hern Books Ltd, 2009. Web. 7 July 2010.
Clements, Rachel. “Framing War, Staging Precarity: Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children and the Spectres of Vulnerability.” Contemporary Theatre Review 23.3 (2013): 357-67. Print.
Cohen, Ben, and Antony Lerman. “Is anti-Zionism A Cover-up for Anti-Semitism?” Issues in Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: Selections from CQ Researcher. Los Angeles: SAGE/Pine Forge, 2010.131. Print.
Colleran, Jeanne M. Theatre and War: Theatrical Responses Since 1991. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Print.
Considine, Kerri Ann. “An Implacable Force: Caryl Churchill and the ‘Theater of Cruelty’.” MA thesis. University of Tennessee, 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
Craps, Stef. “Holocaust Memory and the Critique of Violence in Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children: A Play for Gaza.” The Future of Testimony: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Witnessing. Ed. Jane Kilby and Antony Rowland. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014. 179-92. Print.
Davison, Neil R. Jewishness and Masculinity from the Modern to the Postmodern.New York: Routledge, 2010. Print.
Dittmar, Linda and Joseph Entin. “Jamming the Works: Art, Politics, and Activism.” Radical Teacher 89.1 (2010): 3-9. Print.
Dysch, Marcus. “History of Israel on Stage in 10 Mins.” The Jewish Chronicle Online. The Jewish Chronicle Ltd., 29 January 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
Emberley, Julia. “Can the Child Testify?: On Childhood, Testimony, and the Cultural Construction of the Child as Political Subject.” Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 1.2 (2010): 159-65. Print.
---. “A Child Is Testifying: Testimony and the Cultural Construction of Childhood in Trans/national Frame.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing. 45.4 (2009): 378-388. Print.
Escoda, Agustí C. Martin Crimp's Theatre: Collapse As Resistance to Late Capitalist Society. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013. Print.
Ezcurra, Mara P. “On ‘Shock’: The Artistic Imagination of Benjamin and
Brecht.” Contemporary Aesthetics (2012): n. pag. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Farneti, Roberto. “Cleavage Lines in Global Politics: Left and Right, East and West, Earth and Heaven.” Journal of Political Ideologies. 17.2 (2012): 127-145. Print.
Felton-Dansky, Miriam. “Clamorous Voices: Seven Jewish Children and Its
Proliferating Publics.” TDR: The Drama Review 55.3 (2011): 156-64. Print.
Finn, Robin. “At the Center of an Academic Storm, a Lesson in Calm.” The New York Times. New York Times, 8 Apr. 2005. Web. 29 Aug. 2014.
Flatow, Stephen M. “Palestinian Terrorism Verdict Shatters Long-held Myths and Illusions.” JNS.org. JNS.org, 25 Feb. 2015. Web. Aug. 30 2015.
---. “From New Anti-Zionism to Theater of the Absurd.” New Jersey Jewish News. United Jewish Communities of MetroWest New Jersey, 2 Apr. 2009. Web. 8 Aug. 2015.
Friedman, Marilyn. “Jewish Self-Hatred, Moral Criticism, and Autonomy.” Ed. Marina Oshana. Personal Autonomy and Social Oppression: Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Routledge, 2015. 203-22. Print.
Fuadhalwani. “7 Jewish Children, a play for Gaza 1/3.” Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 5 Feb. 2010. Web. 30 Aug. 2015.
---.“7 Jewish Children, a play for Gaza 2/3.” Online video clip. YouTube.
YouTube, 5 Feb. 2010. Web. 30 Aug. 2015.
---.“7 Jewish Children, a play for Gaza 3/3.” Online video clip. YouTube.
YouTube, 5 Feb. 2010. Web. 30 Aug. 2015.
Garfinkle, Adam M. Jewcentricity: Why the Jews Are Praised, Blamed, and Used to Explain Just About Everything. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009. Print.
Ghert-Zand, Renee. “Jewish Actor's Splash Is Nun of Your Business.” The Times of Israel. Seth Klarman, 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 4 Sept. 2014.
Gould, Carol. “Seven Jewish Children: An Anti-Semitic Play Debuts in London.” PJ Media. PJ Media, 27 Feb. 2009. Web. 30 May 2014.
Greenwald, Glenn. “Al Jazeera Deletes Its Own Controversial Op-Ed, then Refuses to Comment.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 21 May 2013. Web. 29 Aug. 2014.
Harrison, Bernard. “Anti-Zionism, Anti-Semitism and the Rhetorical Manipulation of Reality.” Resurgent Antisemitism: Global Perspectives. Ed. Alvin H. Rosenfeld. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. 8-41. Print.
Haydon, Andrew. “Why the New Gaza Plays Are All Wrong.” The Guardian.com. Guardian Media Group, 26 Feb. 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
“Heavily biased against Palestine.” Amazon.com. Amazon.com, 5 Feb. 2003. Web. 15 Aug. 2014.
Hughes, Amy E. Spectacles of Reform: Theater and Activism in Nineteenth Century America. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2014. Print.
Inomata, Takeshi, and Lawrence S. Coben. Archaeology of Performance: Theaters of Power, Community, and Politics. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press, 2006. Print.
Jacobson, Howard. “Howard Jacobson: Let’s See the ‘Criticism’ of Israel for What It Really Is.” The Independent. Independent Print Limited, 19. Feb. 2009. Web. 10 Sept. 2014.
---. “Why Jacqueline Rose Is Not Right.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 26 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.
Jangid, Khinvraj. “Out of the Frame: the Struggle for Academic Freedom in Israel by Ilan Pappe.” Strategic Analysis. 36.1 (2012): 173-174. Print.
Kellner, Douglas. “Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle.” The Spectacle of the Real: From Hollywood to ‘Reality’ TV and Beyond. Ed. Geoff King. Bristol: Intellect, 2005. 23-36. Print.
Kritzer, Amelia H. “Enough! Women Playwrights Confront the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.” Theatre Journal 62.4 (2011): 611-26. Print.
Kushner, Tony and Alisa Solomon. “‘Tell Her the Truth’: On Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children.” The Nation. The Nation Company, L.P., 26 Mar. 2009. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
Langer, Lawrence L. Using and Abusing the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Print.
“Letters: Jacobson on Gaza.” The Independent. Independent Print Limited, 23 Oct. 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
Levi. “Caplan is biased. Does not present a fair approach to history.” Amazon.com. Amazon.com, 10 Dec. 2010. Web. 20 Aug. 2014.
Lewis, Simon. “What Is Spectacle?” Journal of Popular Film and Television. 42.4 (2014): 214-221. Print.
Malone, Niamh. “’To Tell or To Question?’ Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children: Theater as Witness to the Human Costs of Contemporary Conflict.” Kritika Kultura 21.22 (2013): 490-9. Web. 10 Mar. 2014.
Marshall, Rachelle. “Vanessa Redgrave: A Passion for Justice.” Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. American Educational Trust, Mar. 1995. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
Martin, Jacqueline. Voice in Modern Theatre. London: Routledge, 1991. Print.
Martin, Randy. “Staging the Political: Boal and the Horizons of Theatrical
Commitment.” A Boal Companion: Dialogues on Theatre and Cultural Politics. Ed. Cruz, Jan C, and Mady Schutzman. Abingdon: Routledge, 2006. 23-32.Print.
McCann, Daryl. “How the Left Became Anti-Semitic.” Quadrant. 56.11 (2012): 30-35. Print.
Melson, Robert. Rev. of Anguished Hope: Holocaust Scholars Confront the
Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, ed. Leonard Grob and John K. Roth. Holocaust and Genocide Studies: An International Journal 24.3 (2010): 468-474. Web. 30 July 2015.
Mendes, Philip. Jews and the Left: The Rise and Fall of a Political Alliance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print.
“Misuse of Holocaust Imagery Today: When Is It Antisemitism?” Holocaust
Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2015. 29 Sept. 2015.
Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1998. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. Print.
MrTegid. “Seven Jewish Children: a play for Gaza.” Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 18 Jan. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.
Nathan, John. “Review: Seven Other Children.” The Jewish Community Online. The Jewish Chronicle Ltd., 7 May 2009. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.
Nesfield, Victoria. “Keeping Holocaust Education Relevant in a Changing Landscape: Seventy Years on.” Research in Education. 94.1 (2015): 44-54. Print.
Olinsky, Daniel. “Seven Jewish Children: Street Play by Caryl Churchill (Hebrew).”Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 30 July 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.
Orłowski, Hubert. “Is Grass More Restricted…? A Dispute over the Nobel Laureate(and More).” Institute for Western Affairs' Bulletin 83(2012): n. pag. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
Parker, Stephen. Bertolt Brecht: A Literary Life. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. Print.
Peters, Joel, and David Newman. The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. London: Routledge, 2013. Print.
Phillips, Melanie. “England People Very Confused.” The Jewish Chronicle
Online. The Jewish Chronicle Ltd., 12 Mar. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
---. “The Royal Court’s Mystery Play.” The Spectator. The Spectator (1828) Ltd, 8 February 2009. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Pizzato, Mark. Edges of Loss: From Modern Drama to Postmodern Theory. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998. Print.
Plunka, Gene A. Holocaust Drama: The Theater of Atrocity. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.
Reinelt, Janelle G. “The Performance of Political Correctness.” Theatre Research International 36.2 (2011): 134-47. Print.
Rich, Dave, and Mark Gardner. “The Blood Libel Brought up to Date.” The
Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 1 May 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2014.
Rocamora, Carol. “The Power of Theater: Eight Minutes about Seven Jewish
Children.” Broadstreetreview.com. Broad Street Review, 16 May 2009. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
Roomsproductions. “SEVEN JEWISH CHILDREN a play for Gaza PART ONE –Official ROOMS PRODUCTIONS Documentation.” Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 2 Apr. 2009. Web. 30 Oct. 2015.
Rose, Jacqueline. The Question of Zion. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print.
---. “Why Howard Jacobson Is Wrong.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 24 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.
Roth, John K. “Holocaust Business: Some Reflections on Arbeit Macht Frei.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 450.1 (1980): 68-82. Print.
Rydelnik, Michael. Understanding the Arab-Israeli Conflict: What the Headlines Haven’t Told You. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2004. Print.
Said, Edward. “Propaganda and War.” Media Monitors Network. MMN International Inc., 31 Aug. 2001. Web. 21 Aug. 2014.
Schwartz, Stephen. “M. Shahid Alam: Northeastern University's Historical Hoaxer.” American Thinker. American Thinker, 17 Nov. 2012. Web. 17 Aug. 2014.
Shabi, Rachel. “Caryl Churchill’s Seven Jewish Children Staged in Tel Aviv.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 12 June 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
Shvartz, Esar. “One more pro ‘Palestinian’ book.” Amazon.com. Amazon.com, 11 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Aug. 2014.
Sidnell, Michael J. “Aesthetic Prejudice in Modern Drama.” Modern Drama:
Defining the Field. Ed. Knowles, Ric, Joanne Tompkins, and William B. Worthen. Toronto, Ont: University of Toronto Press, 2003. 15-28. Print.
Silver, Matthew M. Our Exodus: Leon Uris and the Americanization of Israel’s Founding Story. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2010. Print.
Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Boston: Bedford/St.
Martin's, 2001. Print.
Stirling, Richard. “Richard Stirling on Seven Other Children.” WhatsOnStage.com. WhatsOnStage Ltd., 8 May 2009. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Stoller, Jennie and Elliot Smith. “Seven Jewish Children.” Online
video clip. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 24 Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
Suvin, Darko. “Reflections on Happenings.” The Drama Review: Tdr. 14.3 (1970): 125-144. Print.
Symons, Leon. “Outrage over ‘Demonising’ Play for Gaza.” The Jewish Chronicle Online. The Jewish Chronicle Ltd., February 12, 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.
Taberner, Stuart. “’Was gesagt werden muss: Günter Grass’s ‘Israel/Iran Poem of April 2012’.” German Life and Letters 65.4 (2012): 518-31. Print.
“The Jacobson ‘Debate.’” Jews sans frontieres. Jews sans frontieres, 21 Feb. 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.
Tompkins, Joanne. Theatre's Heterotopias: Performance and the Cultural Politics of Space. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print.
Tycer, Alicia. Caryl Churchill's Top Girls. London: Continuum, 2008. Print.
“US, UK Playwrights Write Separate Responses to Seven Jewish Children.” The Jerusalem Post. The Jerusalem Post, 19 Apr. 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
Walker, Alice. Overcoming Speechlessness: A Poet Encounters the Horror in Rwanda, Eastern Congo, and Palestine/Israel. New York, NY: Seven Stories Press, 2010. Print.
Weber, Samuel. Theatricality as Medium. New York: Fordham University Press, 2004. Print.
Wechsleron, M. “If ‘Biased’ = ‘Moral Judgments -- Why Not?” Amazon.com.
Amazon.com, 14 Feb. 2009. Web. 23 Aug. 2014.
宋厚寬。〈《七個猶太小孩》卡瑞.邱琪兒劇作 宋厚寬 導演〉。YouTube網
站。2014.08.06。網站。2015.10.15。<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SebvU30PTRA>
王上頡。〈Seven Jewish Children【七個猶太小孩】決賽錄影〉。YouTube網
站。2013.05.09。網站。2015.10.20。<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sludLa82QU0&list=FLk6KsDydeEfS0xw2sILPGQw&index=14>