本實驗利用電泳的方法來探討台灣本島的翡翠樹蛙(Rhacophorus
smaragdinus)、台北樹蛙(Rhacophorus taipeianus)、莫氏樹蛙
(Rhacophorus moltrechti)、橙腹樹蛙(Rhacophorus aurantiventris)
和諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)等五種綠色樹蛙及莫氏樹蛙
種內19個亞族群間的生物地理與類緣關係。外群則取白頜樹
蛙(Polypedate megacephalus)。取20種同功異構酵素(isozyme)進行電泳
實驗,結果發現莫氏樹蛙種內共13種酵素,20 個基因座(loci)可供分析,
其中11個為多形性基因座(polymorphic)。五種綠色樹蛙種間共12種酵素
,24個基因座.五種綠色樹蛙中,Nei's 遺傳距離最近的是台北樹蛙和翡翠
樹蛙(D=0.687),最遠的是台北樹蛙和橙腹樹蛙(D=1.045),種間呈非常高度
的遺傳分化(FST=0.818).階層分析(hierarchy)五種綠色樹蛙屬
內的平均遺傳距離為 0.916(0.687-1.045),與外群白頜樹蛙屬間的
遺傳距離為 1.438(0.913-1.950),在樹狀中分屬不同的兩群.
19個莫氏樹蛙之平均觀測異質度(HO)為0.182,平均預測異質度(HE)
為0.146,平均多形性(P)為36.8％,基因交流值(Nm)為0.84,小於1,表
示放群間的基因交流受到了限制.族群間呈高度的遺傳分化(FST=0.229)
,近親交配係數(FIS)值為-0.336,表示莫氏樹蛙個體間為逢機交配.
從樹狀圖中可得知莫氏樹蛙族群間的遺傳距離與地理距離大致相符,
其中墾丁的族群與其他的族群關係最遠.20個基因座中,EST-3,PGM和
IDH-1的異質度與族群分布的緯度有顯著的相關,EST-3,PGM和ACO-2
的基因頻率與族群分布的緯度有顯著的相關.
階層分析三個地理穿越帶的遺傳距離的結果是東部4個族群的平均遺
傳距離是0.045,北部5個族群的平均遺傳距離是0.023,中南部10個族群
的平均遺傳距離是0.037;19個族群的相對遺傳距離與相對地理距離呈顯
著的正相關.
雖然莫氏樹蛙的族群遺傳結構已有分化,但分化程度不大,19個莫氏樹蛙
族群的個體仍屬同一種,而莫氏樹蛙族群間的基因交流仍需更進一步的研
究.

In this report,we used electrophoresis method to investigate the
biogeographyand phylogeny among Rhacophorus smaragdinus,
Rhacophorus taipeianus ,Rhacophorus moltrechti,Rhacophorus
aurantiventris and Rhacophorus arvalis and the intra-population
genetic variation among 19 subpopulations of Rhacophorus
moltrechti in Taiwan. Polypedate megacephalus was used as an
outgroup animal.Twenty isozymes were analyzed. Results indicated
that genetic structures at 20 loci which code for 13 isozymes in
19 Rh. moltrechti subpopulations. Nine of 20 loci were found to
be fixed in all subpopulations,the other 11 loci were
polymorphic.
Genetic structures at 24 loci which code for 12 isozymes in five
investigated species of the genus Rhacophorus.Among five species
of the genus Rhacophorus,the smallest Nei's genetic distance was
found between Rh. taipeianus and Rh. smaragdinus(D=0.687) and the
largest was between Rh. taipeianus and
Rh.aurantiventris(D=1.045).
High genetic differentiation was found in these five species
(FST=0.818) in Taiwan.Results of hierarchical mean Nei's genetic
distance among the genus Rhacophorus and between Rhacophorus and
Polypedate were 0.916(0.687-1.045) and 1.438(0.913-1.950)
respectively. From the dendrogram, we can see that they belonged
to two different groups.The mean observed and mean expected
heterozygosity across loci for 19 Rh. moltrechti subpopulations
were HO=0.182 and HE=0.146 respectively. The mean proportion of
polymorphic loci(P) within the whole population was 36.8o/o .
The degree of differentiation among 19 Rh. moltrechti
subpopulations was high (FST=0.229). The inbreeding coefficient
(FIS) value was -0.336. This indicates that random mating was
observed within subpopulations of Rh. moltrechti. The mean value
of gene flow among 19 subpopulations of Rh. moltrechti was 0.84,
less than 1. This indicates that the alleles had restricted
distribution among subpopulations.Dendrogram of 19 subpopulations
of Rh. moltrechti which was clustered by Nei's genetic distance
generally agreed with geographic distance.Kenting population was
a mostly isolated population. Correlation between genetic
heterozygosity,allele frequencies and latitude were analyzed in
all 19 subpopulations.The heterozygosity of loci EST-3,PGM and
IDH-1 and the allele frequencies of EST-3,PGM and ACO-2 were
significantly varied with latitude.Results of mean hierarchical
Nei's unbiased genetic distance within east,north and midsouth
transect regions were 0.045,0.023 and 0.037 respectively.Genetic
distance increased significantly with geographic distanceamong
19 populations of Rh.moltrechti .Aithough the population genetic
structure was found differentiated,yet,the differentiation was
not great.All individuals among 19 subpopulations still belong to
the same species.The breeding ecology of Rh.moltrechti is in need
for further understanding the gene flow between populations.
In this report,we used electrophoresis method to investigate the