摘要
直升機教養對大學生在學習及生活上的影響已備受討論，本研究將探討國中生的媽寶知覺、智能固定信念以及技能求助行為之相關情形，以國中生活科技動手作課程為背景，探討學生的媽寶知覺、智能固定信念、技能求助行為之相關，驗證其模型與研究資料之適配性，及智能固定信念之中介效果。此外，針對不同性別下的各構面做差異性之探討。
　　本研究採用立意取樣之問卷調查法，採新北市三所國中在生活科技課程中進行機械手臂單元之學生，共21個班級。在學期結束進行問卷調查，有效回收問卷559份，女生293位，男生266位，問卷資料應用SPSS22及AMOS20進行差異性、關聯性及驗證性統計分析。
研究結果顯示，生活媽寶知覺及學業媽寶知覺對於個人所持的智能固定信念皆有顯著正向相關，代表生活及學業媽寶知覺愈高的學生，愈認為能力是無法經過努力而增長的。此外，智能固定信念對執行性求助有正向相關；智能固定信念對工具性求助有負向相關。本研究模式具有理想的整體適配度和內在品質，媽寶知覺、智能信念及求助行為具有相關，且智能固定信念在不同媽寶知覺與不同類型的求助行為之間具有中介效果。最後，不同性別國中生只有在學業媽寶知覺有顯著差異。
最後，在上述研究結果進行討論後，產生研究貢獻及針對家長及教師在教養方面提出未來研究之相關建議。

Popular issue of helicopter parenting has been studied to realizehow those parents’ hovering behavior affects emerging adults in academic study and lifestyle. The purpose of the study is to explore the correlates among two types of helicopter parenting, intelligence beliefs and two types of help-seeking behavior (i.e., executive and instrumental help-seeking), to understand the difference of helicopter parenting perceived by students on gender. In analyzing the correlates, hands-on making course is most possible to account for potentially confounding learning setting to identify unique variance attributable to help-seeking behavior in junior school. Thus, 559 questionnaires wereusefully returns from hands-on making courses in 3 junior high schools. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and structural equation modeling. The results of this study indicated that two types of perceived helicopter parenting of participants (i.e., academic and life hovering) were positively related to their entity belief of intelligence. Participants’ entity belief of intelligence was positively related to their executive help seeking, but negatively related to instrumental help seeking. In gender difference, this study revealed that male participants perceived higher helicopter parenting than those female participants did. The implication of this study suggested that parents should not hover their children too much that affect the increase of their children’s entity belief of intelligence and would hinder their children’swork or study dependently consequently by taking executive help-seeking often.

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