研究生: |
周家虹 Chou, Chia-Hung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
結合ProPASH與菜單工程探討微型創業餐廳之經營績效 Restaurant Profitability Enhancement: An Innovative Approach to Integrate ProPASH and Menu Engineering Model |
指導教授: |
方進義
Fang, Chin-Yi |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所 Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management |
論文出版年: | 2020 |
畢業學年度: | 108 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 51 |
中文關鍵詞: | 微型創業 、ProPASH 、菜單工程 、績效指標 |
英文關鍵詞: | micro-entrepreneurship, ProPASH, menu engineering, performance indicators |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001439 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:147 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
臺灣的餐飲業在近年來蓬勃發展,因國民對於外食消費的支出增加,而青年在創業上選擇餐飲業的就佔了百分之四十,餐飲業成為青年創業之首選,身為餐廳經營者,要如何提升餐廳之整體獲利已成為經營者必須面對之課題。現今餐廳老闆面臨了各種挑戰,例如高勞動力成本、新的競爭對手和來自間接的競爭對手與非傳統的競爭對手,這些都迫使餐飲業者需要對餐廳的經營績效進行調查後找到解決方案,以面對與解決現今餐廳經營管理的問題。
本研究主要探討微型創業居酒屋餐廳菜單績效衡量的方法,針對過去研究關注餐廳營收管理為主,較少探討獲利的狀況,本研究利用ProPASH (Profit Per Available Seat Hour) 和營業利益分析針對位於新竹市微型創業居酒屋餐廳的菜單項目58項進行菜單獲利狀況分析,擷取該餐廳營業資料進行個案分析。研究結果可顯示出餐廳菜單項目獲利之現況,餐廳菜單獲利績效ProPASH差距大需進行菜單項目改善,並針對每一項菜單項目進行營業利益分析,研究結果保留第一象限與效率前緣重疊之菜單項目,需汰換掉落在第三象限並重疊於無效率前緣的菜單項目,並根據其對應之象限並參考實際經營情況給予餐廳經營者菜單象目改善之參考依據。
Taiwan's catering industry has boomed in recent years, as national spending on food consumption has increased, and 40% of young entrepreneurs have chosen to enter the catering industry. How to improve the overall profitability of their restaurant has become an issue that operators must face. Today's restaurant owners face challenges such as high labor costs, new competitors, and non-traditional competitors, all of which force catering operators focus on the restaurant's business performance. They seek to find and then solve the problems of today's restaurant management.
This study mainly explored the method of measuring the performance of micro-startup Izakaya restaurant’s menu. In the past research, researchers have focused move on revenue and less on profitability. This study used ProPASH (Profit Per Available Seat Hour) and menu engineering to analyze the menu items and used the operational data of the restaurant for casing analysis. The research results showed the current situation of the restaurant's operating conditions and the profitability of the 58 items on the menu. The performance of restaurant menu ProPASH was different from the actual expectations. The menu items that are in the third quadrant and overlap the inefficient frontier need to be improved by replacing and keep the menu items that overlap the first quadrant and the leading edge of efficiency. Finally, give the corresponding improvement suggestions with reference to the actual operating situation.
ㄧ、中文文獻
中華民國財政部 (2018)。營利事業家數及銷售額。2019年10月30日,取自:http://web02.mof.gov.tw/njswww/WebProxy.aspx?sys=220&ym=10200&ymt=10600&kind=21&type=1&funid=i0507&cycle=4&outmode=0&compmode=00&outkind=3&fld0=1&cod0206=1&rdm=adb3amZt
行政院勞工委員會 (2009)。微型創業鳳凰貸款要點。2019年10月30日,取自:https://www.mol.gov.tw/media/3809788/1050812%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%83%A8%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A8%BF-1-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E8%B2%B8%E6%AC%BE%E8%A6%81%E9%BB%9E-1050715.pdf
行政院主計總處 (2017)。106年家庭收支調查報告。2019年10月30日,取自:https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/106.pdf
林家樑 (2017)。擺脫窮忙族。青年創業餐飲業成首選。2019年10月30日,取自:https://www.1111boss.com.tw/winner/winner_News_Page.asp?id=10432
李佳峰 (2014)。菜單工程分析技術的應用與改善--以某連鎖早餐店為例 (未出版碩士論文)。國立成功大學,臺南市。
吳宦熙、杜云 (2011)。日本居酒屋文化研究。长春理工大学学报: 自然科学版,(5), 96-97。
邱瓈葳 (2018)。聚餐怎麼選?十大熱門異國料理排行。2019年10月30日,取自:https://www.opview.com.tw/media_report/20180821/8325
范雅筑、黃靖淑 (2018)。菜單設計對餐廳經營績效之影響。餐旅暨觀光,11(1),1-22。
張宏羽、黃靖淑 (2018)。餐旅微型創業公司之創業導向,行銷能力與創業績效關係之研究。觀光與休閒管理期刊,6(1),99-108。
陳坤成、吳韻茹 (2011)。創業者創業家精神對價值創新相關因素影響之研究-以糕餅業為例。東亞論壇,(471),85-111。
愛食記(2019)。居酒屋餐廳清單。2019年10月30日,取自:https://ifoodie.tw/explore/list/%E5%B1%85%E9%85%92%E5%B1%8B
經濟部中小企業處 (2015)。2015中小企業白皮書。2019年10月30日,取自:https://book.moeasmea.gov.tw/book/doc_detail.jsp?pub_SerialNo=2015A01237&click=2015A01237#
經濟部統計處 (2017)。批發、零售及餐飲業統計調查。2019年10月30日,取自:https://dmz26.moea.gov.tw/GMWeb/investigate/InvestigateEA.aspx
經濟部商業司 (2018)。公司解散、撤銷及廢止資本額。2019年10月30日,取自:http://data.gcis.nat.gov.tw/od/detail?oid=E9200644-C001-4E44-BCD6-5A72F6910E72
經濟部統計處 (2019)。中小企業家數-按行業別分。2020年8月15日,取自:https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/content/ContentLink.aspx?menu_id=9432
趙仁方、李泳陞 (2017)。廚師微型創業失敗因素之探討。休閒與遊憩研究,9(1), 121-153。
熊明禮、王鍵慰、張雯惠、蔣忠慈 (2012)。消費者對微型創業稀少性分家後品牌認同之研究—以羅東夜市包心粉圓為例。蘭陽學報,(11),107-117。
二、英文文獻
Assaf, A. G., Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2011). Evaluating the performance and scale characteristics of the Australian restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 35(4), 419-436.
Atkinson, H., & Jones, P. (1993). Menu engineering: managing the foodsemice micro-marketing mix. Journal of Restaurant & Foodservice Marketing, 1(1), 37-55.
Baltagi, B. H., Griffin, J. M., & Rich, D. P. (1995). Airline deregulation: The cost pieces of the puzzle. International Economic Review, 36(1), 245-258.
Bayou, M. E., & Bennett, L. B. (1992). Profitability analysis for table-service restaurants. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 33(2), 49-55.
Bhattacharya, S., & Londhe, B. R. (2014). Micro entrepreneurship: Sources of finance & related constraints. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(3), 775-783.
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of marketing, 56(2), 57-71.
Chou, S. F., & Fang, C. Y. (2013). Exploring surplus-based menu analysis in Chinese-style fast food restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 263-272.
Cohen, E., Mesika, R., & Schwartz, Z. (1998). A multidimensional approach to menu sales mix analysis. Praxis, 2(1), 130-144.
Dalci, I., Tanis, V., & Kosan, L. (2010). Customer profitability analysis with time-driven activity-based costing: a case study in a hotel. International Journal of contemporary hospitality Management, 22(5), 609-637.
DeFranco, A. L., & Lattin, T. W. (2006). Hospitality financial management. New York, NY: Wiley.
Drysdale, J. A., & Galipeau, J. A. (2002). Profitable menu planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Dopson, L. R. (2004). Linking cost-volume-profit analysis with goal value analysis in the curriculum using spreadsheet applications. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management, 12(1), 77-80.
Fang, C. Y., & Hsu, F. S. (2014). An efficiency-based metafrontier approach to menu analysis. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38(2), 199-221.
Fitzgerald, L., Johnston, R., Brignall, T. J., Silvestro, R., & Voss, C. (1991). Performance measurement in service businesses. London, UK: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.
Hayes, D. K., & Huffman, L. (1985). Menu analysis: a better way. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 25(4), 64-70.
Harris, G. (1999). Staging femininities: Performance and performativity. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Harris, P. J., & Mongiello, M. (2001). Key performance indicators in European hotel properties: general managers’ choices and company profiles. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(3), 120-128.
Heo, C. Y. (2017). New performance indicators for restaurant revenue management: ProPASH and ProPASM. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 61, 1-3.
Horton, B. W. (2001). Labor and menu category: effects on analysis. Hospitality Review, 19(2), 35-46.
Jang, S. C., Morrison, A. M., & O'leary, J. T. (2004). The tourism efficient frontier: An approach to selecting the most efficient travel segment mixes. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(4), 33-46.
Jang, S. C., & Chen, M. H. (2008). Financial portfolio approach to optimal tourist market mixes. Tourism management, 29(4), 761-770.
Jones, P., & Merricks, P. (1994). The management of foodservice operations. London, UK: Cengage Learning EMEA.
Kaplan, R. S., & Anderson, S. R. (2007). Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Boston, MA: Harvard business School Press.
Kasavana, M. L., Smith, D. I. (1982). Menu engineering: a practical guide to menu pricing. Okemos, MI: Hospitality publications.
Kimes, S. E. (1999). Implementing restaurant revenue management: A five-step approach. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 40(3), 16-21.
Kimes, S. E. (2004). Restaurant revenue management: implementation at Chevys Arrowhead. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(1), 52-67.
Kimes, S. E. (2010). Strategic pricing through revenue management. Retrieved from http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article_1348&context_articles/ (accessed 10 May 2014)
Kimes, S. E., Barrash, D. I., & Alexander, J. E. (1999). Developing a restaurant revenue-management strategy. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 40(5), 18-29.
Kimes, S. E., & Beard, J. (2013). The future of restaurant revenue management. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 12(5), 464-469.
Kreck, L. A. (1984). Menus: Analysis and planning. London: CBI Publishing Company.
Koh, Y., Lee, S., & Boo, S. (2009). Does franchising help restaurant firm value. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 289-296.
Kwong, L. Y. L. (2005). The application of menu engineering and design in Asian restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(1), 91-106.
Lai, H. B. J., Karim, S., Krauss, S. E., & Ishak, F. A. (2019). Can restaurant revenue management work with menu analysis? Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 18(3), 204-212.
LeBruto, S. M., Quain, W. J., & Ashley, R. A. (1995). Menu engineering: a model including labor. Hospitality Review, 13(1), 41-50.
Legg, M., Tang, H., Hancer, M., & Slevitch, L. (2019). Using survival modeling for turn-time predictions in foodservice settings. Journal of foodservice business research, 22(1), 20-36.
Markowitz, H. (1952). The utility of wealth. Journal of political Economy, 60(2), 151-158.
Marston, W. M. (1920). Psychological possibilities in the deception tests. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 11, 551-570.
Miller, J.E. (1980). Menu pricing & strategy. Boston, MA: CBI Publishing.
Miller, J. E., Hayes, D. K., & Dopson, L. R. (2002). Food and beverage cost control. New York, NY: Wiley.
Mooney, S. (1994). Planning and designing the menu. London, UK: Cassell.
Noone, B. M., & Maier, T. A. (2015). A decision framework for restaurant revenue management. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 14(4), 231-244.
Noone, B. M., & Cachia, G. (2020). Menu engineering re-engineered: Accounting for menu item substitutes in pricing and menu placement decisions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102504.
O’Donnell, C. J., Rao, D. P., & Battese, G. E. (2008). Metafrontier frameworks for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios. Empirical economics, 34(2), 231-255.
Ozdemir, B., & Caliskan, O. (2014). A review of literature on restaurant menus: Specifying the managerial issues. International Journal of gastronomy and food science, 2(1), 3-13.
Parsa, H. G., Self, J., Sydnor-Busso, S., & Yoon, H. J. (2011). Why restaurants fail? Part II-The impact of affiliation, location, and size on restaurant failures: Results from a survival analysis. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 14(4), 360-379.
Pavesic, D. V. (1983). Cost/margin analysis: a third approach to menu pricing and design. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2(3), 127-134.
Quain, B., Sansbury, M. W., & LeBruto, S. M. (1999). Revenue enhancement, part 4: Increasing restaurant profitability. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 40(3), 38-47.
Raab, C., Mayer, K., & Shoemaker, S. (2010). Menu engineering using activity-based costing: an exploratory study using a profit factor comparison approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(2), 204-224.
Raab, C., & Zemke, D. M. (2016). Activity-based costing in the Restaurant Industry: What's past is prologue. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management, 24(2), 133-146.
Reynolds, D., Merritt, E. A., & Pinckney, S. (2005). Understanding menu psychology: An empirical investigation of menu design and consumer response. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 6(1), 1-9.
Reynolds, D., & Taylor, J. (2011). Validating a DEA-based menu analysis model using structural equation modeling. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(3), 584-587.
Santos, L. L., Malheirosb, C., & Gomes, C. (2018). Do stars matter? A comparison of operating ratios and indicators among hotels. In 2018 X International Tourism Congress- The Image and Sustainability of Tourism Destinations. Abstract Retrieved from https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62287154/Valoracion_del_desarrollo_turistico_gast20200305-80461-5ha8sa.pdf?1583452315=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DValoracion_del_desarrollo_turistico_gast.pdf&Expires=1599496008&Signature=XQSB~cUUrZObdE6LAHkGFXCOUde7CnT30p-UaWngvM6nTHTeByZqWU~LcXznlz78bjdzxOCBIQjHDF5qAZnngd~Y-duHK36HNX0Lt8nYjPQzNnA8aMk6onR0I4yLC7X5yNm11XUiVrnqq~i8LVGt3fLOt3sGR5punvx3JcE8DYrRP5Fo3WlAj-QAMuiZdWqkupibNI5zvcCyQjt8mlaxGG2tlgRImXnhxoN9mYoGlh970YrD2EglaCwbBgzfRXcOExspvPR9VNEkDONCMQfqrZekMU9Fe2~bLgfevfQHt-LmccnPuMpWqAQaXilHFfZGjpcIPqMNo50pr4L5PkPrkA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=175
Scanlon, N. L. (1999). Marketing by Menu. New York, NY: Wiley.
Sun, K. A., & Lee, S. (2013). Determinants of degree of internationalization for US restaurant firms. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 465-474.
Taylor, J. J., & Brown, D. M. (2007). Menu analysis: a review of techniques and approaches. Hospitality Review, 25(2), 74-82.
Taylor, J., Reynolds, D., & Brown, D. M. (2009). Multi‐factor menu analysis using data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(2), 213-225.
Thompson, G. M. (2003). Optimizing restaurant-table configurations: Specifying combinable tables. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 53-60.
Tom, M., & Annaraud, K. (2017). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for menu engineering. In 2017 International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. Abstract Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8015612?casa_token=HCUu8FWJkEAAAAAA:a4-en_U3Nn_MX7xstP9IuUK-KHvyB-NJXKr25suLYz0Ee0-8g08we0gfj1oHhrKjQTHGdxyI28s
Utama, D. N., Lazuardi, L. I., Qadrya, H. A., Caroline, B. M., Renanda, T., & Sari, A. P. (2017, May). Worth eat: An intelligent application for restaurant recommendation based on customer preference (Case study: Five types of restaurant in Tangerang Selatan region, Indonesia). In 2017 5th international conference on information and communication technology. Abstract Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8074654?casa_token=6kklv6kBLW8AAAAA:MCoEMPu_UWSa0EytsC8n5EaVDYqgapqEsq5cnI5Gu8B0e3Umgl1ZBtq6J5TnK1sAJEM-AkjhUvc
Varini, K., & Burgess, C. (2010). Maximising profits: Do revenue managers have the skills. International Journal of Revenue Management, 4(2), 163-178.