研究生: |
王茹 Wang, Ru |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
從互動角度分析華語遠距同步教學中新手教師的話語特徵 An Analysis of the Discourse Features of Novice Teachers in Chinese Synchronous Distance Teaching based on Interactive Perspective |
指導教授: | 信世昌 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
華語文教學系 Department of Chinese as a Second Language |
論文出版年: | 2020 |
畢業學年度: | 108 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 100 |
中文關鍵詞: | 教師話語 、課堂互動 、新手教師 、話語特徵 、華語遠距同步教學 |
英文關鍵詞: | Teacher discourse, Classroom interactive, Novice teacher, Discourse Features, Chinese Synchronous Distance Teaching |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001203 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:182 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
教師話語是教師用於組織和管理第二語言課堂,使之順利實現教學目標的語言,它即是教學的媒介語,也是目標語。遠距同步教學雖是一種新型的教學模式,確在全球疫情期間作為最佳教學方式備受推崇。有鑑於此,研究在遠距同步教學環境下教師話語特徵以及與學生互動時的話語結構的重要性不言而喻。研究者採用會話分析法,通過教學視頻的轉寫、逐字稿整理、歸類分析、進行總結。
研究結果顯示:在遠距同步教學環境下,新手老師有在刻意把控語速,特別是在第一堂課中。但在發生自我錯誤導致緊張時、進行文化背景知識講解時,都會不自覺的加速;停頓不僅出現在教師等待學生回答時,還出現在教師準備措辭時,但在處理停頓時,未給予學習者充足的準備和回答時間;在詞彙調整上,還是以英翻中的方式;在句法調整上,簡化了句型並也傾向用英文翻譯;在言談調整上,容易出現冗詞贅句,模糊焦點。但新手老師們對在語音上的調整做得很好,清晰的發音,句子中的生詞進行重讀,即使略帶誇張,但在這種依託網絡訊號的教學媒介下,是值得提倡的。在遠距同步教學環境下,新手老師與學生之間的話語結構主要以IRF(Initiation-Response-Feedback/Follow up)為主,但在教師對問題進行追問、補充說明、糾錯、同儕相互提問、同儕相互幫助中衍生出其他結構。
最後,研究者根據研究分析結果提出以下建議:針對本研究新手教師所參與的數位華語師資培訓進行部分調整,提高教學技能時數比重,減少數位平台操作技能培訓時間,增加教師話語內容及進行口條訓練。新手教師應不斷累積教學經驗,多與同儕、前輩教師溝通交流。時刻檢測自身言語規範度,增強自省能力。保持積極的教學態度,培養高度責任感。緊跟社會發展潮流,學習新的教學媒介。
Teacher's discourse is the language used by teachers to organize and manage the second language class and make it realize the teaching goal smoothly. It is both the medium language of teaching and the target language. Although synchronous distance learning is a new teaching mode, it has been highly praised as the best teaching method during the 2019-nCov Epidemic. In view of this, it is of great importance to study the characteristics of teachers' discourse and the structure of their discourse when interacting with students in the synchronous distance synchronous teaching environment. The researcher adopts the conversational analysis method, through the transfer of teaching video, verbatim manuscript sorting, classification analysis, summary.
The results of the study show that: in the synchronous distance teaching environment, novice teachers are deliberately controlling the speed of speech, especially in the first class. However, when self-error leads to tension and cultural background knowledge is explained, the novice teacher will accelerate unconsciously; The pause occurs not only when the teacher is waiting for the student to answer, but also when the teacher is preparing words. But when dealing with the pause, learners are not given enough time to prepare and answer. In terms of vocabulary adjustment, or in the Way of English translation; In terms of syntactic adjustment, sentence patterns are simplified and English translation is preferred. In the speech adjustment, easy to appear redundant words, fuzzy focus. However, novice teachers have done a good job of adjusting the pronunciation, pronouncing clearly and stressing new words in sentences, even if a little exaggerated, in this internet-based teaching medium, which is worth advocating. In the remote synchronized teaching environment, the discourse structure between the novice teacher and the student was mainly IRF (Initiation response-feedback /Follow up), but other structures were derived from the teacher's questioning, supplementary explanation, error correction, peer questioning and peer helping each other.
Finally, based on the results of the study, the researchers put forward the following suggestions: make some adjustments to the training of digital Chinese teachers in this study, increase the proportion of teaching skills, reduce the training time of digital platform operation skills, add the content of teachers' discourse and conduct oral training. Novice teachers also should constantly accumulate teaching experience and communicate with their peers and senior teachers, constantly detect their own speech norms, enhance the ability of introspection, maintain a positive teaching attitude and develop a high sense of responsibility, keep up with the trend of social development and learn new teaching media.
中文書目
王秋絨(1991)。批判教育論在我國教育師資制度規劃上的意義。台北:師大書苑。
王銀泉(1999)。第33屆國際英語教師協會(IATEFL)年會側紀。外語屆,2,54-55。
吉佛慈(2014)。華語實習教師語言社會變體初探:兼論語法規範化。台北:國立台灣師範大學博士論文(未出版)。
朱我芯(2011)。同步視訊華語文化課堂之活動類型研究。華語文教學研究,8(3),115-152。
何安平(2003)。基於語料庫的英語教師話語分析。現代外語,2,162-170。
呂叔湘、丁聲樹(2016)。現代漢語辭典。北京:商務印書館。
呂念慈(2004)。華語視訊遠距教學活動設計—以日籍學生為例(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所。
呂麗生、高明(2011)。國內外語言課堂教師話語研究綜述。語言學刊:外語教育教學,8,129-130。
宋如瑜(2008)。華語文教師的專業發展—以個案為基礎的探索。台北:威秀出版。
宋如瑜(2012)。華語教師的教學語言研究—以師資培訓為導向。台北:國立台灣師範大學博士論文(未出版)。
宋如瑜(2013)。華語教師新手指南實境點評。台北:新學林出版股份有限公司。
宋如瑜(2013)。會話分析下的話語教師課堂語言研究。國立台北教育大學語文集刊,24,39-90。
李利津(2003,10月)。遠距同步口語課程之教材設計。第三屆全球華文網路教育研討會發表之論文。台北市。
李春紅(2004)。對外漢語初級綜合課的教師語言。四川職業技術學院學報,14(2),75-77。
李家豪(2018)。華語遠距師培課程與教學能力發展研究(未出版之博士論文)台北:台灣師範大學華語文教學系。
李雲霞(2017)。對外漢語口語課堂話語互動研究(未出版論文)。吉林:東北師範大學博士論文。
周星、周韻(2002)。大學英語課堂教師話語的調查與分析。外語教學與研究,1,59-68。
周軍平(2006)。教師話語與第二語言習得。外語教學,27(3),67-73。
孟國(2006)。漢語語速與對外漢語聽力教學。漢語教學研究,(2),129-137。
林汝昌(1996)。教學語言—一個仍有待研究的問題。外語界,2,8-12。
林金賢(2004)。結合網路同步教學與多媒體網站輔助華文新聞教學的探討(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:台灣師範大學華語文教學系。
林雨昕(2019)。台美高中生同步與非同步遠距語言交換互動研究(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:台灣師範大學華語文教學系。
林虹瑛、林俊成(2009)。用溝通式教學法來進行遠距跨國交流課程。載於中華民國僑務委員會(主編),第六屆世界華語文教學研討會論文集(1-10頁)。台北:中華民國僑務委員會。
林翠雲 、黃依駿(2016)。華語遠距同步教學實務引導。台北:新學林。
林翠雲(2015)。華語同步教學四方互動設計線上帶領策略—以美國維吉尼亞大學同步課程之教學設計實例。應華學報,(16),39-60。
信世昌(2000)。遠距教育的反思:社會需求、教育定位及實施方向。教學科技與媒體,49,21-26。
信世昌(2002)。基於社會互動語言觀之遠距教學方式。漢語國際遠程教學研討會。日本東京:早稻田大學。2002年12月19-21日。
信世昌(2008)。使用視訊會議系統進行遠距語言教學之探討。第三屆國際電腦視訊遠距教學之規劃實施—針對日本學生之華語文教學。數位與開放學習,1,1-28.
信世昌(2009)。華語文數位教學的現狀、展望及省思:信世昌教授專訪。台灣華語文教學,6,12-16。
姜麗萍(2008)。對外漢語教學論(頁258-261)。北京:北京語言大學出版社。
洪榮昭(1992)。電腦輔助教學設計之原理與應用。台北:師大書苑。
唐潤、呂中瑛(2003)。初級中文「分佈式語言學習模式」。第三屆全球華文網路教育研討會發表之論文。台北市。
孫德金(2003)。對外漢語教學語言研究芻議。語言文字應用,3,98-105。
祖曉梅(2009)。漢語課堂的師生互動模式與第二語言習得。語言教學與研究,(1),25-32。
高慧真(2010)。華語課堂教室與線上遠距之互動研究(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所。
張芬芬(2001)。教學生活:新手教師的成長之路。載於黃政傑、張芬芬(主編),學為良師—在教育實習中成長(pp425-457)。台北:師大書苑。
張德鋭(2003)。中小學初任教師的教學困境與專業發展策略。教育資料集刊,28,129-144。
梁新欣(2004)。從師生互動談如何上好單班課。美國華語教師學會學報,39(1),63-84。
許詩聆(2011)。視訊會議應用於華語教學之教學策略成效研究(未出版之碩士論文)。桃園:中華大學應用華語文學系。
連榕(2004)。新手—熟手—專家型教師心裡特徵的比較。心裡學報,36(1),44-52。
陳美玉(1999)。教師專業學習與發展。台北:師大書苑。
陳雅芬(2000)。華語遠距教學:威斯康辛大學經驗。載於世界華語文教育學會(主編),第六屆世界華語文教學研討會教學應用組論文集第五冊,334-340。台北:世界華語文教育學會。
陳雅芬、黃聖芳、楊忠宜、涂鈺亭、李永強(2009)。跨文化數位華語教學之師資培育與實習研究。載於中華民國僑務委員會(主編),第六屆全球華文網路教育研討會論文集(396-406頁)。台北:中華民國僑務委員會。
陶紅印(2004)。口語研究的若干理論與實踐問題。語言科學,1,50-67。
陶紅印(2004)。口語研究的若干理論與實踐問題。語言科學,3(1),50-67。
曾妙芬, 高燕, & 蔡罗一 (2019)。 華語线上课堂有效结合科技工具以强化互动之报告。科技与華語教学 (Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching),10(1),91-113。
湯燕瑜、劉紹忠(2003)。教師語言的語用分析。外語與外語教學,1,19-23。
黃慈、胡天興、鄭曉菁(2000)。教師數位教學的學習經驗設計—以華語文教學人才培育課程為例。數位與開放學習期刊,3,1-20。
黃聖芳(2011)。以同步視訊遠距教學為主軸之跨文化華語口語教學設計(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所。
靳洪剛(2004)。華語教师提问能力的培训。 美國華語教師學會學報,39(3),85-110。
靳洪剛(2011)。現代語言教學的十大原則。世界漢語教學,25(1),78-98。
趙曉紅(1998)。大學英語閱讀課教師話語的調查與分析。外語界,2,17-22。
劉珣(2001)。對外漢語教育學引論。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
劉運同(2002)。會話分析學派的研究方法及理論基礎。同濟大學學報,13(4),111-117。
蕭雲雲(2014)。新手華語教師教學語言修正之行動研究(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:中國文化大學華語文教學學程。
謝佳玲、李家豪(2011)。華語視訊教學短期師資培訓課程設計與實踐。國立台灣師範大學圖書館機構典藏。2011年6月19日,取自http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/31800
簡紅珠(1996)。國小專家與新手教師的班機管理實作與決定之研究。教育研究資訊,36-48。
羅婉亭(2011)。跨文化視訊華語教學之師資培訓研究(未出版之碩士論文)。台北:國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所。
英文書目
Anderson, T. & Garrison, D. R. (1995). Learning in a networked world: New roles and responsibilities, in c. Gibson(ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education (p.97-112). Madison, WI: Atwood Publishing.
Berliner, D. C. (1988). The Development of Experties in Pedagogy.American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. New Orleans, Februrary.
Brock, B. L., & Grady, M. L. (1997). From first-year to first-rate: Principals guiding beginning teacher. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press, Inc.
Brown, H, D. (2001). Teaching by principle: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd, ed.). White Plains, NY: Person Education.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice Hall.
Brown, H.D. (1994). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Prentice Hall.
Chaudron, C. (1988). Second Language Classrooms: Research on Teaching and Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cook, G. (1990). Transcribing Infinity: Problem of Context Presetation. Journal of Pragmatics, 14,1,1-24.
Cook, V. (2000). Second Language Learning and language Teaching (2nd edition). Beijing: Foreign Language and Research Press.
Cook, V. (2001). Using the First Language in the Classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review. 57. 206-209
Dahl, D. A. (1981). The role of experience in speech modifications for second language learners. Minnesota Papers in Linguistics and Philosophy of Language, 7(2), 78-93.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. (1997). SLA research and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foucault, M. (1970). The Archaeology of Knowledge. International Social Science Council, 9 (1), 175-185.
Fuller, F.F. (1969). Concerns of teachers: A development conceptualization. American educational research journal, 6,207-226.
Gordon, S. P. (1991). How to help beginning teachers succeed. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Hakansson, G. (1986). Quantitative aspects of teacher talk. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.66-72.
Harmer, J. (2000). How to teach English. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Heins, B., Duensing, A., Stickler, U., & Batstone, C. (2007). Spoken interaction in online and face-to-face language tutorials. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20(3), 279-295.
Henzl, V. M. (1979). Foregin talk in the classroom. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 17(2), 159-165.
Hsin, S. C., Hsieh, C. L., & Chang-Blust, L. (2017). Preservice teacher training for online Chinese teaching: A case of distance courses for high school learners. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 8(1), 86-103.
Hsin, S. C., Wang, C. W., & Huang, Y. H. (2014). An international cooperative model of online Chinese courses. International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 8(supplement), 95-106.
J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (eds) (1984). Structures of social action: studies in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kormanski, L.M. (1989). A Qualitative Study Examining the Effect that an Approved Induction Year Program has on the Professional Behavior and Commitment of a Novice Teacher. Pennsylvanis State University: U.M.I Publishing.
Krashen, S. (1977). The monitor model for adult second language performance. Viewpoints on English as a second Language, 152-161.
Krashen, S. (1985). The input hypothesis: issues and implication. London: Longman.
Legaretta, D. (1977). Language choice in bilingual classrooms. TESOL Quarterly,9-16.
Long, M. (1983). Native/non-native speaker conversations and negotiation of comprehensible input. Applied Linguistics, 4, 126-141.
Long, M., & Sato, C. (1984). Methodological issues in interlanguage studies: An interactionist perspective, In Davies, A., Criper, C. & Howatt, A.P. R. (Eds.), Interlanguage (pp. 253–279). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Lyster, R. & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective Feedback and Learner Uptake: Negotiation of Form in Communicative Classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37-66.
Mackey, A. (1999). Input, interaction and second language development: an empirical study of question formation in ESL. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21,557-588.
Mizon, S. (1981). Teacher Talk: A case study from the Bangalore. Madras Communicational ELT Project. M.A. thesis, University of Lancaster, England.
Moir, E. (1999). The stages of a teacher’s first year. In M. Scherer (Ed.). The better beginning: support and mentoring new teacher (pp. 19-26). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Moore, M. (1989). Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1-7.
Nunam, D. (1989). Design Tasks for the Communicative Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 26-35
Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall.
Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall.
Richard, J. C., & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (1987). The dilemma of teacher education in TESOL. Tesol Quarterly, 21(2), 209-226.
Rowe, M.B. (1974). Pausing phenomena: influence on the quality of instruction. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 3(3), 203-224.
Simich-Dudgeon, C. (1998). Classroom strategies for encouraging collaborative discussion. Directions in Language and Education.
Sinclair, J. & Coulthard, M. (1975). Towards an analysis of discourse. London: Routledge. 1-43.
Sinclair, J. & Coulthard, M. (1992). Towards an analysis of discourse in: Coulthard, M. (Ed) Advanced in spoken analysis. London: Routledge.
Sticker, U., & Hampel, R. (2007). Design online tutor training for language courses: A case study. Open learning, 22(1),75-85.
Ten Have, P. (1990). Methodological issues in conversation analysis. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 27(1), 23-51.
Tseng, Miao-fen. (2017). The Development of Skill Required for online Chinese Language Training. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 8(1), 36-65
Van Lier, L. (1988). The classroom and the language learner. New York: Longman.
Varonis, E. M., & Gass, S. (1985). Non-native/non-native conversations: A model for negotiation of meaning. Applied Linguistics, 6(1),71-90.
Ware, S. K., Olesinski, R.L., Cole, C.M., and Pray, M.L. (1998). Teaching at a distance using interactive video. Journal of Allied Health,27(3), 137-141.
White, C. (2003). Language learning in distance education. Cambridge: Cambridge university.
Zandberg, I., & Lewis, L. (2008). Technology–based distance education courses for public elementary and secondary school student: 2002-03 and 2004-05. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/2008008.pdf