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研究生: 黃錦煌
HUANG, CHIN-HUANG
論文名稱: 漢英職場結束談話策略對比分析及其教學應用
A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and English Leave-Taking Strategies in Workplace Related Discourse and its Pedagogical Application
指導教授: 謝佳玲
Hsieh, Chia-Ling
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 200
中文關鍵詞: 跨語言結束談話職場情境對比分析教學應用
英文關鍵詞: Cross cultural, Leave-taking, Workplace, Contrastive analysis, Pedagogical application
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203908
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:141下載:29
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  • 「結束談話」是人際互動間常見的言語行為,但因語料蒐集不易,致使現今相關研究有限。然而,結束談話具有避免衝突與維繫關係等實用功能,本文認為有其必要進行研究,以彌補現今研究的不足。
    隨著商業漢語的日益蓬勃,本文聚焦於漢語與英語職場情境結談策略的差異比較,同時探究兩母語文化對結束談話策略的影響,以期提供經由實證研究所整理分析而得的個別語言策略差異與典型公式,使漢語教師與英語母語背景的漢語學習者都能從中獲益。本文透過言談任務完成法(DCT)蒐集語言樣本,分析漢英語母語者主體行為、輔助行為、內部修飾與序列結構的使用情形。研究變項為社會權勢與社會距離。
    研究結果顯示,漢語與英語於結談時其策略選用呈現多元的變化。不過,從許多面向來看,漢語策略選用的多樣性較英語來得大,且兩語言於策略選用與內部修飾等方面呈現不同的趨向。以內部修飾為例,漢語使用內部修飾時主要以減緩策略的效力為主,英語則以減緩或加強策略的效力為主。整體而言,個別語言於結談時有其共性與個性,且受雙方母語文化的影響。漢語結談策略反映集體主義與高語境文化的溝通特質,英語則體現個體主義與低語境文化的溝通特質。
    最後,依據研究結果,本文以英語為母語的漢語學習者為對象設計一份學習單並編製兩份教案,以期讓學習者於漢語職場能更順利地表現適合漢語文化的結談策略。

    The speech act of leave-taking is a common type of interpersonal communication which has not yet received substantial study into the pragmatics due to the difficulty of collecting data. However, leave-taking serves two key practical interactional functions: firstly, conflict-avoidance and secondly, solidarity-establishing. Given this dearth of investigation further study is needed to counter the lack of studies currently available.
    With the increasing need to develop Business Chinese courses, this research focuses on contrasting the pragmatic strategies used by native Chinese and native English speakers over leave-taking during workplace-related discourse, while exploring the influence of cultural values upon them. The aim is to serve as a reference, and to benefit Chinese language teachers and their students who have an English speaking background by providing a summary based on empirical study. This research gathered language samples by discourse completion tests (DCT), then analyzed the head acts, supportive moves, internal modifications and sequences structures used respectively by the native Chinese or English speakers. The study variables includes Power Distance and Social Distance.
    The results show that users of Chinese and English both employed a variety of strategies when taking leave. However, in several respects, the variety of strategies the Chinese utilized is greater than those utilized by native English speakers. Moreover, the two languages present different preferences on selected strategies and internal modifications. Taking internal modifications as an example, the Chinese mainly tend to weaken the force of the strategies selected, whereas native English speakers also focus on the strengthening effect provided by some of the internal modifications. Overall, Chinese and English share some similarities in the use of leave-taking strategies, but that cultural backgrounds have a large influence on them is still evident. The result illustrates that the strategy patterns the Chinese utilized is more influenced by Collectivism and High-Context Culture while the English is more affected by Individualism and Low-Context Culture.
    Finally, based on this research, one teaching material and two lesson plans have been designed for Chinese language learners of native English backgrounds to make it easier for them to employ more suitable leave-taking strategies at workplace based on Chinese culture.

    目 錄 i 表目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與研究目的 1 第二節 研究變項與研究問題 3 一、 研究變項 4 二、 研究問題 4 第三節 名詞解釋 4 第四節 研究範圍與研究架構 6 第二章 文獻探討 8 第一節 言語行為理論 8 第二節 東西禮貌概念 10 一、 西方禮貌概念 10 二、 東方禮貌概念 12 第三節 漢英溝通文化 14 一、 個體主義與集體主義 14 二、 高語境與低語境文化 15 第四節 影響言語行為的研究變項 17 第五節 社會語言學與語言變體 19 一、 社會群體與言語特徵 20 二、 地域方言與社會方言 20 第六節 會話結談相關研究 29 一、 會話結談功能 29 二、 結談策略架構 30 第七節 語言策略劃分依據 37 第三章 研究方法 39 第一節 研究工具與研究對象 39 一、 研究工具選用考量 39 二、 研究對象背景分析 40 第二節 問卷設計與實施流程 43 一、 問卷架構與設計考量 44 二、 題組配置與陳述方式 47 三、 實施方式與研究流程 50 第三節 語料庫建置與語料規模 50 第四章 研究結果與討論 53 第一節 策略架構與策略分類 53 一、 策略架構 54 二、 策略分類 55 第二節 個別語言整體結談策略分析 71 第三節 談話情境與社會變項對結談策略的影響 76 一、 不同談話情境對結談策略的影響 76 二、 不同社會權勢對結談策略的影響 82 三、 不同社會距離對結談策略的影響 86 第四節 個別語言主體行為序列架構 90 一、 漢語主體行為序列架構 91 二、 英語主體行為序列架構 96 三、 個別語言主體行為的異同點 102 第五節 個別語言輔助行為序列架構 104 一、 漢語輔助行為序列架構 104 二、 英語輔助行為序列架構 113 三、 個別語言輔助行為的異同點 118 第六節 個別語言結談行為內部修飾 119 一、 內部修飾分類 120 二、 內部修飾分佈 125 三、 小結 130 第七節 研究問題討論 131 一、 個別語言結談策略的共性與特性 131 二、 社會變項對結談策略造成的影響 133 三、 策略差異所反映的溝通文化特色 134 第五章 教學應用 138 第一節 現今教材評估 138 第二節 漢語結談策略常用句式 139 第三節 漢語結談典型策略公式 146 一、 單種獨用結構的分析結果 146 二、 雙種並用結構的分析結果 146 三、 漢語典型策略公式與例句 147 第四節 漢語結談教學範例 157 第六章 研究結論 162 第一節 本文研究問題回應 162 第二節 所反映的溝通文化特色 163 第三節 本文研究限制 165 第四節 本文研究展望 167 參考書目 169 附錄一:本文調查問卷(中文版) 176 附錄二:本文調查問卷(英文版) 180 附錄三:自編漢語結談策略學習單 184 附錄四:前人會話結談策略架構整理 194

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