本研究主要目的在了解老年人的運動行為現況，並探討規律運動行為與其個人背景因素及運動的認知與知覺因素之間的關係。本研究以台北市基督長老教會所屬的松年大學五十五歲以上全體學員為母群體，採系統隨機抽樣法抽出研究樣本，並利用自填問卷方式進行資料收集，於88年3月26日收回331份問卷，其中有效樣本有287人，有效作答率為86.7%。所得資料以單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定、點二系列相關、邏輯斯迴歸及多變項變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。
研究結果發現，有規律運動的老人佔78.4%，無規律運動者佔21.6%，受測老人主要運動項目為散步，其次為體操。運動強度以輕度運動者最多。每週平均運動時間為5.3小時，其中有規律運動者為6.3小時，無規律運動者為1.7小時。
受測老人的運動知識得分尚佳，其運動知識會因年齡、教育程度、生活費用、自覺運動量及過去規律運動習慣之不同而有顯著差異。受測老人的自覺運動利益得分相當高，其自覺運動利益會因自覺健康狀況、自覺運動量、過去規律運動習慣之不同而有顯著差異。受測老人的自覺運動障礙分數得分偏低，有六至八成的老人不同意量表中所列出的障礙因素，其自覺運動障礙會因有無罹患疾病、自覺健康狀況、自覺運動量、過去規律運動習慣、生活費用和有無運動資訊來源之不同而有顯著差異。受測老人的運動自我效能程度屬尚可，其運動自我效能會因教育程度、自覺健康狀況、自覺運動量、過去規律運動習慣及生活費用之不同而有顯著差異。受測老人的自覺運動社會支持為中等程度，其中以來自家人的運動社會支持最多，其次為朋友的運動社會支持，其自覺朋友運動社會支持會因自覺健康狀況、自覺運動量及過去規律運動習慣之不同而有顯著差異，而自覺醫護人員運動社會支持會因有無運動資訊來源之不同而有顯著差異。
受測老人的規律運動行為會因自覺運動量及過去規律運動習慣的不同而有顯著差異。其規律運動行為和運動知識、自覺運動利益、運動自我效能及自覺運動的社會支持呈正相關，但和自覺運動障礙呈負相關。另外，由邏輯斯迴歸分析得知，受測老人的規律運動行為可由過去規律運動習慣及自覺運動障礙兩個變項來預測，其中又以過去規律運動習慣的影響力最大，亦即過去有規律運動習慣者其現在從事規律運動與否的機率比為過去無規律運動習慣者的3.249倍。
根據本研究結果，分別就如何減少老人運動的障礙、加強老人對運動的正確認知及增進老人健康體適能三方面提出建議，以提昇老年人運動的質和量。以及針對研究對象的選取、研究方法的改進及研究變項三方面提出建議，以作為未來研究的參考。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the current exercise behavior of the elderly aged fifty-five and over, and to explore its relationships with demographic characteristics, and cognition and perceptions of exercise (including knowledge of exercise, perceived benefits of exercise, perceived barriers to exercise, perceived self-efficacy for exercise, and perceived social support for exercise). The data were collected from 287 individuals in six senior colleges of Taipei presbyterian church by self-administrated questionnaire or interview on March 1999. Chi-square, Logistic Regression, one-way ANOVA, point-biserial correlation, and MANOVA were used to analyze the data.
The results indicated that: (1) 78.4% of subjects did regular exercise, and 21.6% exercised irregularly. The main types of exercise done by the elderly were walking, followed by calisthenics. Most of the elderly did low-intensity exercise. They took about 5.3 hours a week to do regular exercise. (2) The elderly's knowledge of exercise was in middle level. It varied with ages, educational level, living expense, perceived exercise amount, and past regular exercise habit. (3) The elderly's perceived benefits of exercise was substantial. It varied with The elderly's perceived health status, perceived exercise amount, and past regular exercise habit. (4) The elderly's perceived barriers to exercise was quite few. It varied with disease status, perceived health status, perceived exercise amount, past regular exercise habit, living expense, and exercise information. (5) The elderly's perceived self-efficacy for exercise was in middle level. It varied with educational level, perceived health status, past regular exercise habit, and living expense. (6) The elderly's perceived social support for exercise was in middle level. The support for exercise from family was the most frequently mentioned support. The exercise support from friends varied with perceived health status, perceived exercise amount, and past regular exercise habit. The support from health professionals varied with exercise information. (7) There were significant differences between regular exercise behavior and (a) perceived exercise amount, and (b) past regular exercise habit. In addition, regular exercise behavior was significant correlated with knowledge of exercise, perceived benefits of exercise, perceived barriers to exercise, perceived self-efficacy for exercise, and perceived social support for exercise. (8) Past regular exercise habit and perceived barriers to exercise were significant predictors of regular exercise behavior. Past regular exercise habit was the most important predictor of regular exercise behavior.
Based on the findings of the study, decreasing the elderly's perceived barriers to exercise, emphasizing the correct cognition of exercise and promoting the elderly's health-related fitness were suggested for improving the elderly's exercise quantity and quality. In addition, picking up the different sample, and the different variable and improving research methods were suggested for future researches.

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