研究生: |
黃郁芬 Huang Yu-Fen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣家長對於國中學生英語學習參與程度與方法之研究 A Study of Parental Involvement and English Learning at Junior High School Level |
指導教授: |
李宜倩
Lee, Yi-Chien |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
英語學系 Department of English |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 94 |
中文關鍵詞: | 家長參與 、英語學習 、親師溝通 |
英文關鍵詞: | parental involvement, English learning, parent-teacher communication |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:265 下載:5 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文研究台灣父母親對於其子女英語學習的參與程度與方式。研究者首先探討父母親對子女英語學習的期望程度,另外,不同英語程度學生的父母親是否有不同的參與方式或程度高低,也在本研究中有所探討,再者,父母親與英語教師的溝通互動與子女英語學習的關係也是探討的重點之一。
本問卷受試者為台北市某一公立國中一年級的家長,共四百八十四位,問卷中受試者的個人背景資料採用描述分析,其餘的選擇題則用SPSS統計軟體分析,回收家長所填寫的問卷後,根據研究方法中的分類方式,依照學生第一學期的英文總成績以及家庭年收入將家長分為九個族群,再進行分類整理以便回答研究問題。
本研究主要發現如下:第一,不論社經背景高低或子女目前的英語學習狀況好壞,家長對於子女的英語學習抱有高度期望,第二,家長最常參與英語學習有以下四種方式,分別為設定英語成績標準、規範孩子學習英語的時間、要求孩子背單字以及檢查英語作業和考卷,然而家長參與子女英語學習的程度普遍不高,另外,家長購買或孩子最常在家使用的學習資源有英語故事書、雜誌、單字卡以及VCD和DVD等,第三,在親師溝通互動方面,家長沒有很踴躍參與親師座談活動,且鮮少與學校英語教師溝通孩子英語學習情況,有部分家長希望能有更多元的親師溝通管道,第四,家長在參與時,遇到最大的困難在於時間不足以及本身英語能力不夠,經濟因素則最不會成為阻礙家長參與的因素,第五,家長普遍需要英語教師或學校提供英語學習資源,其中家長最有需求的是文法書、教導英語學習技巧或方法的書籍以及多媒體教材,如互動光碟或英語學習網站。
本研究建議家長可多與英語教師溝通及互動,除了本身能更加掌握子女在校學習狀況,教師也可了解學生在家學習英語的情況,此外,英語教師及學校人員應合力設計出適合家長參與的學習活動,進而提升學生英語學習的意願與成就。
The aim of this study is to investigate how parents become involved in their children’s English learning in junior high school. The researcher first discusses parents’ expectation on children’s English learning. The relation between ways or frequencies of involvement activities and children’s English learning is also discussed in this study. Similarities and discrepancies among parents of different English proficiency children are particularly examined. Moreover, the relation between parent-teacher interaction and children’s English learning is also included.
The participants were 484 parents of seventh graders who studied in one municipal junior high school in Taipei City. These parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was adopted to analyze their demographic information and other multiple-choice questions were statistically analyzed by SPSS statistic package. After questionnaire collection, participants were divided into nine groups based on the classification of children’s English grade in the fall semester and family annual income in the study.
The major findings of this study were as the follows
1. Parents regardless of family SES or children’s current English achievement held high expectation on children’s English learning.
2. The four most-frequent ways of involvements were setting English grade standard, regulating English learning time, asking children to memorize new words and checking English homework or test papers. However, parents in general involved infrequently. As for learning materials, the most popular ones that parents bought or children used at home and at school were English story books, magazines, flash cards and VCDs or DVDs.
3. A majority of parents seldom attended school events and rarely communicated with English teachers about children’s English learning. Some parents were in need for more diverse parent-teacher communication channels.
4. Major difficulties parents encountered when involving were lack of time and parents’ low English proficiency. Economic budget, however, did not hinder parental involvement.
5. A great number of parents needed learning resources from English teachers and the school. They especially needed English grammar books, books of English learning skills or strategies and multimedia materials, for example, interactive DVDs and English learning websites.
The results of this study suggested that parents should communicate with English teachers more often in order to understand children’s learning situation at school and teachers could also have a better understanding of students’ learning situation at home. Moreover, English teachers and school staffs should design learning activities that encourage parents to involve in children’s English learning process. By increasing parental involvement, children’s English learning willingness will be increased and learning outcome will be improved.
Adams, M. J. (1990). Learning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Adamson, L. B., & Chance, S. E. (1998). Coordinating attention to people, objects, and language. In A.M. Wetherby, S. F. Warren, & J. Reichle (Eds.), Transition in paralinguistic communication: Preintentional to intentional and presymbolic to symbolic (pp.15–37). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Anderson-Yockel, J., & Haynes, W. O. (1994). Joint book-reading strategies in working-class African American and white mother–toddler dyads. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37 (3), 583–593.
August, D. & Shanahan, T. (Eds.) (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: report of the National Literacy Panel on language-minority children and youth. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. doi:10.1080/10862960903340165
Brisk, M. (2006). Bilingual education: from compensatory to quality schooling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bus, A. G., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1988). Mother–child interactions, attachment, and emergent literacy: A cross-sectional study. Child Development, 59 (5), 1262–1272. doi:10.2307/1130489
Bus, A.G., van Ijzendoorn, M.H. & Pellegrini, A.D. (1995). Joint book reading makes
for success in learning to read: A meta-analysis of intergenerational transmission of literacy. Review of Educational Research, 65 (1), 1-21. doi:10.2307/1170476
Chang, L.S. (2004). A research of language gifted student education at home and their learning experiences (Master’s thesis). Available from National Taiwan Normal University Dissertations and Theses database.
Chang, W.C. (2006). English education in Taiwan: Current status and reflection. Educational resources and research bimonthly, 69, 129-144.
Chang, W.C., Chou, C.T., Chen, C.Y., Yeh, H.N., Lin, C.C. & Hsu, Y.K. (2004). 《國民中學學生基本學力測驗英語雙峰現象暨改進措施》[Double peak phenomenon of English in BCT and improvement measures]. 《教育部委託專案研究報告》[M.O.E. Report].
Chang, Y.F. (2008). Parents’ attitudes toward the English education policy in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9 (4), 423-435. doi:10.1007/BF03025660
Cotton, K. & Wikelund, K.R. (2001). Parental Involvement in Education, School
Improvement Research Series. Retrived from Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory website: http://www.nrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html
Cronan, T. A., Cruz, S. G., Arriaga, R. I., & Sarkin, A. J. (1996). The effects of a community-based literacy program on young children’s language and conceptual development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24 (2), 251–272. doi:10.1007/BF02510401
Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge, England: Cambridge
University Press.
Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychol. Bull, 113, 487–496. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.487
Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2008). Blueprint for Early Childhood Development and School Reform: School Reform Discussion Paper. Melbourne, Victoria.
Desforges, C. & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental involvement, parental support and family education on pupil achievements and adjustment: A literature review. London, England: Department for Education and Skills.
Desimone, L. (1999). Linking parent involvement with student achievement: Do race and income matter? Journal of Educational Research, 93(1), 11–30.
Eamon, M. K. (2005). Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on the academic achievement of Latino young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34 (2), 163–174. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-3214-x
Epstein, J.L. (1995). Perspectives and previews on research and policy for school, family and community partnerships. In Booth, A & Dunn, J. (Eds.), Family-school links: How do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 209-246). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Epstein, J.L. (2001). School, Family and Community Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving Schools. Colorado, America: Westview Press.
Epstein, J. L. & Sanders, M.G. (2002). Family, school, and community partnership. In M.H. Bornstein (Eds.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5. Practical issues in parenting (pp. 407-437). Mahwah, EJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Executive Yuan. (2011, May 3). 《98年家庭收支調查報告》 [The Survey of Family Income and Expenditure 2009]. Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics. Retrieved from http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/98/a11/49.xls
Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (2002). America’s children: Key national indicators of well-being. Washington, DC: US. Government Printing Office.
Feinstein, L. & Symons, J. (1999). Attainment in secondary school. Oxford Economic Papers, 51 (1), 300-321. doi:10.1093/oep/51.2.300
Fletcher, K. L., & Jean-Francois, B. (1998). Spontaneous responses to repeated reading in young children from at risk backgrounds. Early Childhood Development and Care, 146(1), 53–68. doi:10.1080/0300443981460106
Fletcher, K.L. & Reese E. (2005). Picture book reading with young children: A conceptual framework. Developmental Review, 25 (1), 64-103. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2004.08.009
Flouri, E. & Buchnan, A. (2004). Early father’s and mother’s involvement and child’s later educational outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74 (2),141-153. doi:10.1348/000709904773839806
Gao Xuesong. (2006). Strategies used by Chinese parents to support English language learning. Regional Language Center journal, 37 (3), 285-298.
Greenwood, G. E. & Hickman, C. W. (1991). Research and practice in parent involvement. Implications for teacher involvement. Element. School J, 91, 279–288. doi:10.1086/461655
Grolnick, W. S., Kurowski, C. O., Dunlap, K. G., & Hevey, C. (2000). Parental resources and the transition to junior high. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(4), 465– 488. doi:10.1207/SJRA1004_05
Grolnick, W.S. & Slowiaczek, M.L. (1994). Parents’ involvement in children’s schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65 (1), 237-252. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00747.x
Gutman, L. M., & Eccles, J. S. (1999). Financial strain, parenting behaviors, and adolescents’ achievement: Testing model equivalence between African American and European American single- and two-parent families. Child Development, 70(6), 1464 –1476. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00106
Gutman, L. M., Sameroff, A. S., & Eccles, J. S. (2002). The academic achievement of African American students during early adolescence: An examination of risk, promotive, and protective factors. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(3), 376 –399.
Haden, C. A., Reese, E., & Fivush, R. (1996). Mothers’ extratextual comments during storybook reading: Stylistic differences over time and across texts. Discourse Processes, 21(2), 135–169. doi:10.1080/01638539609544953
Hammer, C. S., Miccio, A.W., and Wagstaff, D.A. (2003). Home literacy experiences and their relationship to bilingual preschoolers’ developing English literacy abilities: An initial investigation. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 34(1), 20-30. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2003/003)
Harris A., Andrew-Power. K. and Goodall J. (2008). Do parents know they matter? Raising achievement through parental engagement. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN:978185539797. CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire.
Hawes, C. A., & Plourde, L. A. (2005). Parental involvement and its influence on the reading achievement of 6th grade students. Reading Improvement, 42(1), 47–57.
Hayden, H. M. R., & Fagan, W. T. (1987). Keeping it in context: Strategies for enhancing literacy awareness. First Language, 7(20), 159–171. doi:10.1177/014272378700702007
Henderson, A. T. & Berla, N. (1994). A New Generation of Evidence: The Family is
Critical to Student Achievement. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED375968)
Hill, N.E., Castellino, D. R., Lansford, J. E. Nowlin, P., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G.S. (2004). Parent academic involvement as related to school behavior, achievement, and aspirations: Demographic variations across adolescence. Child Development, 75 (5), 1491-1509. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00753.x
Hill, N. E. & Tyson, D.F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of the strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 45 (3), 740-763. doi:10.1037/a0015362
Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42 (5), 747-770. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747
Jeynes, W.H. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relation of parental involvement to urban elementary school student academic achievement. Urban Education, 40 (3), 237-269. doi:10.1177/0042085905274540
Jeynes, W.H. (2007). The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Urban Education, 42(1), 82 - 110. doi:10.1177/0042085906293818
Jodl, K. M., Michael, A., Malanchuk, O., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2001). Parents’ roles in shaping early adolescents’ occupational aspirations. Child Development, 72(4), 1247–1265. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00345
Landry, S.H., Smith, K.E., Swank, P. R., & Miller-Loncar, C.L. (2000). Early maternal and child influences on children’s later independent cognitive and social functioning. Child Development, 71 (2), 358-375. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00150
LeBlanc, P. (1993). Parent-school interactions. In L. Kaplan (Eds.) Education and family. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Lee, C.H. (2004). A study of the influence of the parent on junior high school students’ achievement in learning English. (Master’s thesis). Available from National Kaohsiung Normal University Dissertations and Theses database.
Lin, M.C. (2009). The discursive construction of parents’ subjectivities as consumers of global English in Taiwan (Master’s thesis). Available from Hawaii University Theses and Dissertations database.
Lee, Y.C. (2010). Parents’ perceived roles and home practices in supporting Taiwanese children’s English language and literacy learning. English Teaching and Learning, 34 (1), 1-53.
Liu, Y. P. (2006). Sixth graders English learning achievement and its relationship with social economic situation, parents’ participation and parents’ expectation (Master’s thesis). Available from National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan database.
Ma, X. (1999). Dropping out of advanced mathematics: The effects of parental involvement. Teachers College Record, 101(1), 60 – 81. doi:10.1111/0161-4681.00029
Marchant, G. J., Paulson, S. E., & Rothlisberg, B. A. (2001). Relations of middle school students’ perceptions of family and school contexts with academic achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 38(6), 505–519. doi:10.1002/pits.1039.abs
Melhuish, E., Sylva, C., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I. & Taggart, B. (2001). Social, behavioural and cognitive development at 3-4 years in relation to family background. The effective provision of pre-school education, EPPE project. DfEE. London: The Institute of Education.
M.O.E. (2011, May 3)《教育部補助國民中小學及幼稚園弱勢學生實施要點第三點、第五點修正規定》Retrieved from http://gazette.nat.gov.tw/EG_FileManager/eguploadpub/eg016253/ch05/type2/gov40/num25/Eg.htm
Moerk, E. L. (1985). Picture book reading by mothers and young children and its impact upon language development. Journal of Pragmatics, 9 (4), 547–566. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(85)90021-9
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Early Child Care Research Network. (2000). The relation of child care to cognitive and language development. Child Development, 71 (4), 960-980.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Early Child Care Research Network. (2002). Early child care and children’s development prior to school entry: Results from the NICHD study of early child care. American Educational Research Journal, 39 (1), 133-164.
No Child Left Behind Act of 201, Pub. L. No. 107-110, 114 Stat. 1425 (2002). Retrieved February 26, 2009 from http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/107-110.pdf
Oladejo, J. (2006). Parents’ attitudes towards bilingual education policy in Taiwan. Bilingual Research Journal, 30(1), 147-170. doi:10.1080/15235882.2006.10162870
Pelegrina, S., Garcı´a-Linares, M., & Casanovam, P. F. (2003). Adolescents and their parents’ perceptions about parenting characteristics. Who can better predict the adolescent’s academic competence? Journal of Adolescence, 26 (6), 651– 665.
Peng, S. S., & Wright, D. (1994). Explanation of academic achievement of Asian American students. Journal of Educational Research, 87(6), 346 –352. doi:10.1080/00220671.1994.9941265
Phillipson, S. & Phillipson, S.N. (2007). Academic expectations, belief of ability, and involvement by parents as predicators of child achievement: A cross-cultural comparison. Educational Psychology, 27(3), 329-348.
Phtiaka, H. (1994). Each to his own? Home-school relations in Cyprus. Presented at the Twentieth Annual BERA Conference. St. Anne's College, University of Oxford.
Raffaele, L.M. & Knoff, H.M. (1999). Improving home-school collaboration with disadvantaged families: Organizational principles, perspectives, and approaches. School Psychology Review, 28 (3), 448-466.
Riesch, S. K., Anderson, L. S., Pridham, K. A., Lutz, K. F. & Becker P. T. (2009). Furthering the understanding of parent-child relationships: A nursing scholarship review series. Part 5: Parent-Adolescent and teen parent-child relationships. Journal for Specialists in Parenting Nursing, 15(3), 182-201.
Riesch, S.K., Tosi, C.B., Thurston, C.A., Forsyth, D.M., Kuenning, T.M.S., & Kestly,
J. (1993). Effects of communication training on parents and young adolescents. Nursing Research, 42 (1), 10–16. Retrieved from http://ovidweb.cgi. doi:10.1097/00006199-199301000-00003
Roberts, J., Jurgens, J., & Burchinal, M. (2005). The role of home literacy practices in preschool children’s language and emergent literacy skills. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48 (2), 345-359. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/024)
Sanders, M. G. & Epstein, J. L. (1998). School-family-community partnerships and
educational change: International perspectives. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, and D. Hopkins (Eds.) International Handbook of Educational Change. Hingham MA: Kluwer.
Sanders, M. G. & Epstein, J. L. (2005). School-family-community partnerships and
educational change: International perspectives. In A. Hargreaves (Eds.). Extending Educational Change,76, 202-224.
Scarborough, H. S. & Dobrich, W. (1994). On the efficacy of reading to preschoolers. Developmental Review, 14 (3), 245-302. doi:10.1006/drev.1994.1010
Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E.E., and Levin, H. (1957). Patterns of child rearing. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
Seyfried, S. F. & Chung, I. J. (2002). Parent involvement as parental monitoring of student motivation and parent expectations predicting later achievement among African American and European American middle school age students. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 11 (1), 109-131. doi:10.1300/J051v11n01_05
Shumow, L. & Lomax, R. (2002). Parental efficacy: Predictor of parenting behavior and adolescent outcomes. Parenting: Science and Practice, 2 (1), 127–150. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0202_03
Shumow, L. & Miller, J. D. (2001). Parents’ at-home and at-school academic involvement with young adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21 (1), 68 –91. doi:10.1177/0272431601021001004
Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17 (2), 125-146. doi: 10.1007/s10648-005-3950-1.
Sui-Chu, E.H. & Willms, J.D. (1996). Effects of parental involvement on eighth-grade achievement. Sociology of Education, 69 (2), 126-141. doi:10.2307/2112802
Teale, W. H. (1982). Toward a theory of how children learn to read and write naturally. Language Arts, 59 (5), 555-570.
Trusty, J. (1999). Effects of eighth-grade parental involvement on late adolescents’ educational expectations. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 32(4), 224 – 233.
Walker, J.M.T., Wilkins, A.S., Dallaire, J.R., Sandler, H.M. & Hoover-Dempsey, K.V. (2005). Parental involvement: Model revision through scale development. The
Elementary School Journal, 106 (2), 85-104. doi:10.1086/499193
Whitehurst, G. J., Falco, F., Lonigan, C. J., Fischel, J. E., Valdez-Menchaca, M. C., & Caulfield, M. (1988). Accelerating language development through picture book reading. Developmental Psychology, 24 (4), 552–558. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552
Whitehurst, G. J., & Lonigan, C. J. (1998). Child development and emergent literacy. Child Development, 68 (3), 848–872. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.00848.x
Wu, X. F. & Chang, C. J. (2005). 《提早於幼兒階段學習英語與後續英語、國語能力之相關研究》 [Study of learning English in preschool age and later English and Chinese ability].《教育部國教司專案研究計劃結案報告》[Report of Department of Elementary Education].
Wu, Y. F. (2009). Correlations of parental attitudes towards English learning with parental expectation, involvement and children's English achievement: A case study in Taipei's Wanhua and Da'an Districts (Master’s thesis). Available from National Taiwan Normal University Dissertations and Theses database.
Yarosz, D. J., & Barnett, W. S. (2001). Who reads to young children? Identifying predictors of family reading activities. Reading Psychology, 22 (1), 67–81.