研究生: |
金蘭倞 Kim, Lan-kyung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
亞洲首都城市綠地互動對地方意向之影響:臺北與首爾 The Influence of Urban Greenspace Interactions on Place Images in Asian Capitals, Taipei and Seoul |
指導教授: |
李晶
Li, Ching |
口試委員: |
李晶
Li, Ching 李素馨 Lee, Su-hsin 王正平 Wang,Cheng-Ping 原友蘭 Yuan, Yulan 劉松達 Liu, Sung-Ta |
口試日期: | 2024/06/15 |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所 Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 119 |
中文關鍵詞: | 都市綠地 、綠地類型 、綠地互動 、綠地場所形象 、臺北市 、首爾市 |
英文關鍵詞: | Urban greenspace, Greenspace types, Greenspace interactions, Greenspace place images, Taipei city, Seoul city |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400750 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:89 下載:2 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
自然接觸有助於提升都市居民的福祉,故都市綠地逐漸成為研究的焦點。本研究旨在探討綠地類型在綠地互動與都市空間的綠地地方意象間的調節效果。研究範圍為兩個亞洲重要的首都-臺北和首爾。本研究中,都市綠地類型被劃分為四種獨特的類型:小型綠地、鄰里公園、多功能公園和綠色走廊。研究利用綠地互動作為一個關鍵預測變項,來制定都市環境中的綠地地方意象,考慮到心理、物理、社會和環境等多個維度,其目的是評估不同人口特徵與綠地的關聯,如何影響綠地地方意象的各個層面,例如地方品牌、地方視覺形象、地方聲譽、地方感和地方身份。研究使用部分最小平方法-多組分析方法,通過有立意取樣從臺北(536份)和首爾(400份)。研究發現:首先,兩個城市的居民一致認為心理和環境綠地互動對地方意象有強烈的影響,物質和社會綠地互動與地方意象有部分相關。其次,綠地類型在兩個城市中幾乎沒有調節綠地互動與地方意象之間的效果,這表明都市居民將綠地視為自然的一個整體、不可分割的部分,超越了其各種形式和大小。最後,臺北和首爾在地方意象的特定構造上有明顯的差異。特別是在社會和環境綠地互動方面,首爾居民與地方意象的聯繫比臺北居民更為緊密,兩個首都之間的群體差異證明不同年齡的影響力。研究結果顯示,兩個城市在綠地互動的心理和物質方面沒有顯著差異;然而,在社會和環境元素上,觀察到了顯著差異。在臺北,管理和成長世代的綠地互動低於建立世代,表明在該城市年齡與社會綠地互動之間存在負相關。相反,在首爾不同世代的社會綠地互動值相對一致,表明年齡的影響不大。同樣,對於綠地環境方面的重要性,臺北的老一代顯示比年輕一代低,而在首爾這些值在各個年齡組中保持一致,表明年齡並未顯著影響首爾的環境綠地互動。本研究證實綠地互動與地方意象之間的影響關係,並強調了綠地互動的直接效果不需要綠地類型的調節,確認都市綠地作為自然本身的體現。此外,研究觀察到臺北和首爾之間綠地感知的細微差異,可歸因於不同的文化、環境或社會背景。這些發現對於都市綠地的地方形象理論框架有貢獻,並提供關於都市自然環境的整體視角。本研究可為未來城市土地規劃和政策制定提供建議,有助於促進永續城市管理和發展。
The study aims to interpret the place image of urban greenspace elicited through urban residents’ spatial interactions in different types of greenspace. Two Asian capitals, Taipei and Seoul, are chosen as research destinations to examine the influential relationship between greenspace interactions and greenspace place images, as well as the moderation effects of greenspace types. Subsequently, residents’ perceptions of urban greenspaces are compared in the two cities, along with the impact of focal social generations on these differences. The study adopts partial least squares multi-group analysis as the methodology to analyze empirical data collected in two cities (Taipei: 536 & Seoul: 400). The study concludes with three determinant points answering the research questions. Firstly, there is a strong influential association between psychological and environmental urban nature interactions and greenspace place images, particularly in terms of attractiveness and retention levels, while physical and social interactions are weakly associated. Secondly, greenspace types do not significantly influence residents’ perceptions of urban nature, indicating that residents in both Asian capitals perceive urban greenspaces as an integral part of urban nature that generates positive place images through various interactions. Finally, the study identifies differences in greenspace place images between the two cities in terms of social and environmental green interactions and across different social generations. Specifically, in Taipei, the younger generation places higher value on urban green interactions in both social and environmental contexts compared to older counterparts, while in Seoul, the opposite pattern is pronounced. The findings of the study can be applied to political agendas for greenspace management and development strategies in each city, concerning on a tailored approach to different age cohorts.
References
Abass, K., Appiah, D. O., & Afriyie, K. (2019). Does green space matter? Public knowledge and attitude towards urban greenery in Ghana. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 46, 126462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126462
Acuti, D., Grazzini, L., Mazzoli, V., & Aiello, G. (2018). Stakeholder engagement in green place branding: A focus on user-generated content. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(2), 492-501. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1703
Addas, A., & Maghrabi, A. (2022). How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact urban green spaces? A multi-scale assessment of Jeddah megacity (Saudi Arabia). Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 69, 127493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127493
Akoumianaki-Ioannidou, A., Paraskevopoulou, A.T., & Tachou, V. (2016). School grounds as a resource of green space to increase child-plant contact. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 20, 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.10.009
Aliyas, Z., & Nezhad, S.M. (2019). The role of historical Persian Gardens as urban green spaces: Psychological, physical, and social aspects. Environmental Justice, 12(3), https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2018.0034
Altman, I., & Low, S.M. (1992). Place Attachment. Plenum Press.
Andersson-Sköld, Y., Klingberg, J., Gunnarsson, B., Cullinane, K., Gustafsson, I., Hedblom, M., Knez, I., Lindberg, F., Ode Sang, Å., Pleijel, H., Thorsson, P., & Thorsson, S. (2018). A framework for assessing urban greenery’s effects and valuing its ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Management, 205, 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.071
Bell, S.L., Westley, M., Lovell, R., & Wheeler, B.W. (2018). Everyday green space and experienced well-being: the significance of wildlife encounters. Landscape Research, 43(1), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1267721
Biswas, R. R., & Rahman, A. (2023). Adaptation to climate change: A study on regional climate change adaptation policy and practice framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 336, 117666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117666
Braçe, O., Garrido-Cumbrera, M., & Correa-Fernández, J. (2021). Gender differences in the perceptions of green spaces characteristics. Social Science Quarterly, 102(6), 2640-2648. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13074
Braun, E., Eshuis, J., & Klijn, E. H. (2014). The effectiveness of place brand communication. Cities, 41, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.05.007
Budruk, M., Thomas, H., & Tyrrell, T. (2013). Urban green spaces: A study of place attachment and environmental attitudes in India. Society and Natural Resources, 22(9), 824-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802628515
Butler, G., Ross, K., Beaman, J., Hoepner, C., Baring, R., & da Silva, K. B. (2023). Utilising tourist-generated citizen science data in response to environmental challenges: A systematic literature review. Journal of Environmental Management, 339, 117889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117889
Campagnaro, T., Vecchiato, D., Arnberger, A., Celegato, R., Da Re, R., Rizzetto, R., Semenzato, P., Sitzia, T., Tempesta, T., & Cattaneo, D. (2020). General, stress relief and perceived safety preferences for green spaces in the historic city of Padua (Italy). Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 52, 126695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126695
Cerina, V., Fornara, F., & Manca, S. (2017). Architectural style and green spaces predict older adults’ evaluations of residential facilities. European Journal of Ageing, 14, 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-016-0406-z
Chan, C. S. (2017). Health-related elements in green space branding in Hong Kong. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 21, 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.009
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016a). The green branding of Hong Kong: visitors’ and residents’ perceptions. Journal of Place Management and Development, 9(3), 289-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-02-2016-0008
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016b). How a green city brand determines the willingness to stay in a city: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 34(6), 719-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1236768
Chang, P. J., Tsou, C. W., & Li, Y. S. (2020). Urban-greenway factors’ influence on older adults’ psychological well-being: A case study of Taichung, Taiwan. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 49, 126606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126606
Chen, N., Dwyer, L., & Firth, T. (2018). Residents’ place attachment and word-of-mouth behaviors: A tale of two cities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.05.001
Chu, Y. (2021). Democratization, globalization, and institutional adaptation: The developmental states of South Korea and Taiwan. Review of International Political Economy, 28 (1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1652671
Clouse, C., & Dixit, A. (2017). Defining place image. In A. Bayraktar, & C. Uslay (Eds.), Strategic place branding methodologies and theory for tourist attraction (pp. 1-20). IGI Global.
Colley, K., & Craig, T. (2019). Natural places: Perceptions of wildness and attachment to local greenspace. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 61, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.12.007
Coughlan, R., & Hermes, S. E. (2016). The palliative role of green space for Somali Bantu women refugees in displacement and resettlement. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 14(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2015.1039157
Cristiano, E., Deidda, R., & Viola, F. (2023). Awareness and willingness to pay for green roofs in Mediterranean areas. Journal of Environmental Management, 344, 118419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118419
Crossley, A J., & Russo, A. (2022). Has the pandemic altered public perception of how local green spaces affect quality of life in the United Kingdom? Sustainability, 14(3), 7946. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137946
Dasgupta, R., Basu, M., Hashimoto, S., Estoque, R. C., Kumar, P., Johnson, B. A., Mitra, B. K., & Mitra, P. (2022). Residents’ place attachment to urban green spaces in Greater Tokyo region: An empirical assessment of dimensionality and influencing socio-demographic factors. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 67, 12743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127438
De Canio, F. (2023). Consumer willingness to pay more for pro-environmental packages: The moderating role of familiarity. Journal of Environmental Management, 339, 117828.
Dennis, M., & James, P. (2016a). Site-specific factors in the production of local urban ecosystem services: A case study of community-managed green space. Ecosystem Services, 17, 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.01.003
Dennis, M., & James, P. (2016b). User participation in urban green commons: Exploring the links between access, voluntarism, biodiversity and wellbeing. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 15, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.11.009
Dipeolu, A. A., Ibem, E. O., & Fadamiro, J. A. (2020). Influence of green infrastructure on sense of community in residents of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30(6), 743-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1740853
Enssle, F., & Kabisch, N. (2020). Urban green spaces for the social interaction, health and well-being of older people: An integrated view of urban ecosystem services and socio-environmental justice. Environmental Science and Policy, 109, 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.008
Fisher, J. C., Mistry, J., Pierre, M. A., Yang, H., Harris, A., Hunte, N., Fernandes, D., Bicknell, J. E., & Davies, Z. G. (2021). Using participatory video to share people’s experiences of neotropical urban green and blue spaces with decision-makers. Geographical Journal, 187(4), 346-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12406
Foellmer, J., Kistemann, T., & Anthonj, C. (2021) . Academic greenspace and well-being: Can campus Landscape be therapeutic? Evidence from a German University. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 2, 1000003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2020.100003
Fok, K. W. K, & Law, W. W. Y. (2018). City re-imagined: Multi-stakeholder study on branding Hong Kong as a city of greenery. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.045
Fongar, C., Aamodt, G., Randrup, T. B., & Solfjeld, I. (2019). Does perceived green space quality matter? Linking Norwegian adult perspectives on perceived quality to motivation and frequency of visits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(3), 2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132327
Forman, R. T. (2021). Why Cities Need Large Parks: Large Parks in Large Cities. Routledge.
Garrard, G. (2023). Ecocriticism (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Gehl, J. (1971). Life between buildings. Island Press.
Grzyb, T., Kulczyk, S., Derek, M., & Woźniak, E. (2021). Using social media to assess recreation across urban green spaces in times of abrupt change. Ecosystem Services, 49, 101297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101297
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Danks, M. S. N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. Springer.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, A. (2022). Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Thousand Oakes.
Han, B., Li, D., & Chang, P. J. (2021). The effect of place attachment and greenway attributes on well-being among older adults in Taiwan. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 65, 127306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127306
Hasse, D., Wolff, M., & Schumacher, N. (2021). Mapping mental barriers that prevent the use of neighborhood green spaces. Ecology and Society, 26(4), 16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12675-260416
Hong, S. K., Lee, S. W., Jo, H. K., & Yoo, M. (2019). Impact of frequency of visits and time spent in urban green space on subjective well-being. Sustainability, 11(15), 4189. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154189
Hosseini, F., Sajadzadeh, H., Aram, F., & Mosavi, A. (2021). The impact of local green spaces of historically and culturally valuable residential areas on place attachment. Land, 10(4), 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040351
Houge Mackenzie, S., & Brymer, E. (2020). Conceptualizing adventurous nature sport: A positive psychology perspective. Annals of Leisure Research, 23(1), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2018.1483733
Howard, E. (1902). Garden Cities of To-morrow. The MIT Press.
Hoyle, H., Jorgensen, A., & Hitchmough, J. D. (2019). What determines how we see nature? Perceptions of naturalness in designed urban green spaces.People and Nature, 1(2), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.19
Hsu, J. (2004). The evolution of economic base: From industrial city, post-industrial city to interface city. In Y. Kwok (Ed.), Globalizing Taipei: The political economy of spatial development (pp. 16-34). Routledge.
Hwang, Y. H., & Roscoe, C. J. (2017). Preference for site conservation in relation to on-site biodiversity and perceived site attributes: An on-site survey of unmanaged urban greenery in a tropical city. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 28, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.09.011
Irvine, K. N., Warber, S .L., Devine-Wright, P., & Gaston, K. J. (2013). Understanding urban green space as a health resource: A qualitative comparison of visit motivation and derived effects among park users in sheffield, UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(1), 417-442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10010417
Ives, C. D., Gordon, A., Oke, C., Raymond, C. M., Hehir, A., & Bekessy, S. A. (2017). Spatial scale influences how people value and perceive green open space. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 61(12), 2133-2150. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1388219
Jennings, V., Johnson Gaither, C., & Gragg, R. S. (2012). Promoting environmental justice through urban green space access: A synopsis. Environmental Justice, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2011.0007
Jorgensen, B. S., & Stedman, R. C. (2001). Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners attitudes toward their properties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0226
Jou, S. (2004). Domestic politics in urban image creation: Xinyi as the ‘Manhatan of Taipei.’ In Y. Kwok (Ed.), Globalizing Taipei: The political economy of spatial development (pp. 120-140). Routledge.
Kaplan, R. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrated framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 169-182.
Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Kim, J., Lee, Y., Kil, N., Pitas, N. A., & Hwang, S. (2023). Exploring the relationships across recreation specialization, leisure satisfaction, and happiness: the case of Korean hikers. Leisure Sciences. 5, 1–19. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01490400.2023.2197901
Kim, L., & Li, C. (2023). Urban greenspace: A review of place image approaches. European Economic Letters, 13(4). 942-950. https://www.eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/687
Kim, L., & Li, C. (2024). Interplay between Greenspace Interactions and Sense of Place in Seoul City. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 6, 1343373. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2024.1343373
Kimpton, A., Wickes, R., & Corcoran, J. (2015). Greenspace and place attachment: Do greener suburbs lead to greater residential place attachment? Urban Policy and Research, 32(4), 477-497. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.908769
King, K., & Dickinson, J. (2022). Nearby nature in lockdown: Practices and affordances for leisure in urban green spaces. Leisure Studies, 42, 1–18 https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2022.2092646
Kleyn, L., Mumaw, L., & Corney, H. (2020). From green spaces to vital places: connection and expression in urban greening. Australian Geographer, 51(2), 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2019.1686195
Knez, I., Sang, A. O., Gunnarsson, B., & Hedblom, M. (2018). Wellbeing in urban greenery: The role of naturalness and place identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 491. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00491
Korpela, K. M., Hartig, T., Kaiser, F. G., & Fuhrer, U. (2001). Restorative experience and self-regulation in favorite places. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 572–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973133
Kotler, P., Haider, D., & Rein, I. (1993). Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry, and Tourism to Cities, States, and Nations. The Free Press.
Kozamernik, J., Rakuša, M., & Nikšic, M. (2021). How green facades affect the perception of urban ambiences: Comparing Slovenia and the Netherlands. Urbani Izziv, 31(2), 88-100. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2020-31-02-003
Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A.P. (2013). Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health: Development of a theoretical framework. Landscape and Urban Planning, 118, 62-69. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.012
Łaszkiewicz, E., Kronenberg, J., & Marcińczak, S. (2017). Attached to or bound to a place? The impact of green space availability on residential duration: The environmental justice perspective. Ecosystem Services, 30, 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.10.002
leBrasseur, R. (2022). Cultural greenspaces: Synthesizing knowledge and experience in Nova Scotia’s African-Canadian communities through participatory research and SoftGIS Sustainability, 11(7), 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070281
Lee, Y. (2020). Taipei and Seoul’s modern urbanization under Japanese colonial rule: A comparative study from the present-day context. Sustainability, 12, 4772. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114772
Li, H., Luo, W., Hou, Y., Xia, Y., Yao, J., Kang, N., Deng, C., Sun, H., & Chen, C. (2021). Factors affecting perceived health benefits and use behaviors in urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern China megacities. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 759444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.759444
López-Mosquera, N., & Sánchez, M. (2011). Emotional and satisfaction benefits to visitors as explanatory factors in the monetary valuation of environmental goods. An application to peri-urban green spaces. Land Use Policy, 28(1), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.05.008
Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. MIT press.
Macintyre, V. G., Cotterill, S., Anderson, J., Phillipson, C., Benton, J. S., & French, D. P. (2019). “I would never come here because I’ve got my own garden”: Older adults’ perceptions of small urban green spaces. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111994
Mäkinen, K., & Tyrväinen, L. (2008). Teenage experiences of public green spaces in suburban Helsinki. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 7(4), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2008.07.003
Malek, N. A., & Nashar, A. (2018). Measuring successfulness of Malaysian green open spaces: An assessment tool. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 13(2), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.2037/26422067
Manzo, L. (2003). Beyond house and haven: Toward a revisioning of emotional relationships with places. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00074-9
Mao, Q., Wang, L., Guo, Q., Li, Y., Liu, M., & Xu, G. (2020). Evaluating cultural ecosystem services of urban residential green spaces from the perspective of residents’ satisfaction with green space. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00226
McCunn, L. J., & Gifford, R. (2014). Interrelations between sense of place, organizational commitment, and green neighborhoods. Cities, 41(A), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.04.008
Medway, D., & Warnaby, G. (2008). Alternative perspectives on marketing and the place brand. European Journal of Marketing, 42(5), 641-653. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560810862552
Meenar, M., Heckert, & M., Adlakha, D. (2022). “Green enough ain’t good enough:” Public perceptions and emotions related to green infrastructure in environmental justice communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031448
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history. Harcourt, Brace and World.
Muro, R. S. T., Granados, C. S. T., & Rodríguez Romero, E. J. (2020). Green infrastructures in the peri-urban landscape: Exploring local perception of well-being through ‘go-alongs’ and ‘semi-structured interviews.’ Sustainability, 12 (17), 6846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176836
Ode Sang, Å., Sang, N., Hedblom, M., Sevelin, G., Knez, I., & Gunnarsson, B. (2020). Are path choices of people moving through urban green spaces explained by gender and age? Implications for planning and management. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 49, 126628. 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126628
Oh, J., & Kim, S. (2017). Enhancing urban agriculture through participants’ satisfaction: The case of Seoul, Korea. Land Use Policy, 69, 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.04.053
Oldenburg, R. (1989). The great good place. Paragon House.
Patterson, M., & Williams, D. (2005). Maintaining research traditions on place: Diversity of thought and scientific progress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.10.001
Pipitone, J. M., & Jović, S. (2021). Urban green equity and COVID-19: Effects on park use and sense of belonging in New York City. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 67, 127338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127338
Proshansky, H. M. (1978). The city and self-identity. Environment and Behavior, 10(2), 147-169.
Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3(1), 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8
R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. Sage Publications.
Roberts, M., Irvine, K. N., & McVittie, A. (2021). Associations between greenspace and mental health prescription rates in urban areas. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 64, 127301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127301
Roberts, H., Sadler, J., & Chapman, L. (2018). The value of Twitter data for determining the emotional responses of people to urban green spaces: A case study and critical evaluation. Urban Studies, 56(4), 818–835. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017748544
Rostami, R., Lamit, H., Khoshnava, S.M., Rostami, R., & Rosley, M.S.F. (2015). Sustainable cities and the contribution of historical urban green spaces: A case study of historical Persian gardens. Sustainability, 7(10), 13290-13316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71013290
Sachs, J.D., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., & Woelm, F. (2022). Sustainable development report 2022. Cambridge University Press.
Saloma, C., Akpedonu, E., Alfiler, C.A., & Sahakian, M. (2021). Locating leisure and belonging in metro Manila: From hyper-conditioned environments to public green spaces.Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 12(1), 104-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425321997776
Sanecka, J., Barthel, S., & Colding, J. (2020). Countryside within the city: A motivating vision behind civic green area stewardship in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability, 12(6), 2313. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062313
Schetke, S., Qureshi, S., Lautenbach, S., & Kabisch, N. (2016). What determines the use of urban green spaces in highly urbanized areas? Examples from two fast growing Asian cities. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 16, 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.02.009
Sebestyén, V., Domokos, E., & Abonyi, J. (2020). Focal points for sustainable development strategies—Text mining-based comparative analysis of voluntary national reviews. Journal of Environmental Management, 263, 110414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110414
Sen, S., & Guchhait, S. K. (2021). Urban green space in India: Perception of cultural ecosystem services and psychology of situatedness and connectedness. Ecological Indicators, 123, 107338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107338
Shan, X. Z. (2020). Association between the time patterns of urban green space visitations and visitor characteristics in a high-density, subtropical city. Cities, 97, 102562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102562
Song, I., Hong, S., Kim, H., Byun, B., & Gin, Y. (2005). The pattern of landscape patches and invasion of naturalized plants in developed areas of urban Seoul. Landscape and Urban Planning, 70, 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.018
Southon, G. E., Jorgensen, A., Dunnett, N., Hoyle, H., & Evans, K. L. (2017). Biodiverse perennial meadows have aesthetic value and increase residents’ perceptions of site quality in urban green-space. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.003
Spijker, S. N., & Parra, C. (2017). Knitting green spaces with the threads of social innovation in Groningen and London . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 61(5), 1011-1032. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1382338
Stessens, P., Canters, F., Huysmans, M., & Khan, A. Z. (2020). Urban green space qualities: An integrated approach towards GIS-based assessment reflecting user perception. Land Use Policy, 91, 104319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104319
Subiza-Pérez, M., Hauru, K., Korpela, K., Haapala, A., & Lehvävirta, S. (2019). Perceived Environmental Aesthetic Qualities Scale (PEAQS): A self-report tool for the evaluation of green-blue spaces. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 43, 126383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126383
Subiza-Pérez, M., Vozmediano, L., & San Juan, C. (2020). Green and blue settings as providers of mental health ecosystem services: Comparing urban beaches and parks and building a predictive model of psychological restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 204, 103926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103926
Sultana, R. & Selim, S. A. (2021). Residents’ perceptions of the role and management of green spaces to provide cultural ecosystem services in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ecology and Society, 26(4), 5. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12656-260405
Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers. Harper & Brothers.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(1), 282-298.
Super, D. E., Savickas, M. L., & Super, C. M. (1996). The life-span, life-space approach to careers. American Counseling Association
Tan, C. L. Y., Chang, C. C., Nghiem, L. T. P., Zhang, Y., Oh, R. R. Y., Shanahan, D. F., Lin, B. B., Gaston, K. J., Fuller, R. A., & Carrasco, L. R. (2021). The right mix: Residential urban green-blue space combinations are correlated with physical exercise in a tropical city-state. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 57, 126947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126947
Taylor, L., & Hochuli, D. F. (2017). Defining greenspace: Multiple uses across multiple disciplines. Landscape and urban planning, 158, 25-38. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.024
Tuan, Y. (1974). Topophilia: a study of environmental perception, attitudes, and values. Columbia University Press.
Tzoulas, K., & James, P. (2010). Peoples’ use of, and concerns about, green space networks: A case study of Birchwood, Warrington New Town, UK. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 9(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.12.001
Ulrich, R. S. (1983). Aesthetic and Affective Response to Natural Environment. Behavior and the Natural Environment, 6, 85–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_4
Ulrich, R. S, Simons, R., Losito, B., Fiorito, E., Miles, M., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable development goals. Retrieved June 15, 2024, from https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Van den Berg, A.E., Jorgensen, A., & Wilson, E.R. (2014). Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference? Landscape and Urban Planning, 127, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.012
Van Dinter, M., Kools, M., Dane, G., Weijs-Perrée, M., Chamilothori, K., Van Leeuwen, E., Borgers, A., & Van den Berg, P. (2022). Urban green parks for long-term subjective well-being: Empirical relationships between personal characteristics, park characteristics, park use, sense of place, and satisfaction with life in the Netherlands. Sustainability, 14(9), 4911. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094911
Van Vliet, K., & Hammond, C. (2020). Residents’perceptions of green infrastructure in the contemporary residential context: A study of Kingswood, Kingston-upon-Hull, England. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(1), 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1756757
Völker, S., & Kistemann, T. (2015). Developing the urban blue: Comparative health responses to blue and green urban open spaces in Germany. Health and Place, 35, 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.10.015
Ward T. C., Aspinall, P., Roe, J., Robertson, L., & Miller, D. (2016). Mitigating stress and supporting health in deprived urban communities: The importance of green space and the social environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(4), 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040440
World Health Organization. (2016). Urban green spaces and health. Retrieved June 15, 2024, from https://www.who.int/
Wilkie, S., Thompson, E., Cranner, P., & Ginty, K. (2020). Attention restoration theory as a framework for analysis of Tweets about urban green space: a case study. Landscape Research, 45(6), 777-788. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2020.1738363
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia: The human bond with other species. Harvard University Press.
Włodarczyk-Marciniak, R., Sikorska, D., & Krauze, K. (2020). Residents’ awareness of the role of informal green spaces in a post-industrial city, with a focus on regulating services and urban adaptation potential. Sustainable Cities and Society, 59, 102236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102236
Zenker, S., & Beckmann, S. C. (2013). My place is not your place–different place brand knowledge by different target groups. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331311306078
Zhang, H., & Han, M. (2021). Pocket parks in English and Chinese literature: A review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 61, 127080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127080
Zhang, Y., van Dijk, T., Tang, J., & Van den Berg, A. E. (2015). Green space attachment and health: A comparative study in two urban neighborhoods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(11), 14342-14363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121114342
Zhao, M., Lu, H., Liang, J., & Chan, C. S. (2021). Evaluating green resource branding using user-generated content data: The case study of a greenway in eastern Guangzhou, China. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 66, 127395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127395
Zhu, Y., Ding, J., Zhu, Q., Cheng, Y., Ma, Q., & Ji, X. (2017). The impact of green open space on community attachment: A case study of three communities in Beijing. Sustainability, 9(4), 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040560
Žlender, V., & Gemin, S. (2020). Testing urban dwellers’ sense of place towards leisure and recreational peri-urban green open spaces in two European cities. Cities, 98, 102579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102579
森林法. (2015). 全國法規資料庫. Retrieved June 15, 2024, from https://www.lawbank.com.tw/news/NewsContent.aspx?nid=128089.00
臺北市公園規劃設計. (2021). 臺北市法規查詢糸統. Retrieved June 15, 2024, from https://www.laws.taipei.gov.tw/Law/LawSearch/LawInformation?sysNumber=P06H3036
臺北市公園管理自冶條例. (2006). 臺北市法規查詢糸統. Retrieved June 15, 2024, from https://www.laws.taipei.gov.tw/Law/LawSearch/LawInformation?sysNumber=P06H1001&realID=06-08-1001