研究生: |
李尤怡 ASALI, ELISA |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
生成式人工智慧使用之內在機制與其雙面效應對設計師創意表現的影響:整合專業認同與意義追尋的觀點 Examination of The Two-Sword Effects of Intrinsic Mechanisms toward Generative AI Usage on Designers' Creativity Performances: Integrating the Perspectives of Professional Identity and Meaningfulness Pursuit |
指導教授: |
洪秀瑜
Hung, Hsiu-Yu |
口試委員: |
洪秀瑜
Hung, Hsiu-Yu 陳彥君 Chen, Yan Jun 蔡顯童 Cai, Xian Tong |
口試日期: | 2024/05/27 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
管理研究所 Graduate Institute of Management |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 62 |
中文關鍵詞: | 生成式人工智慧 、職業認同 、意義 、創造力 、職業藝術家 |
英文關鍵詞: | Generative AI, Professional Identity, Meaningfulness, Creativity, Professional Artists |
研究方法: | 調查研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400528 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:141 下載:7 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
人工智慧的領域可能並不新穎,但仍可被視為處於萌芽階段。隨著創意產業爭相創建越來越先進的生成式人工智慧工具,並競相成為首批實施這些新技術的企業,它們往往未考慮這樣做的潛在影響。鑒於這個領域的崭新性以及之前關於其對創意產業影響的研究缺乏,本研究對於負責創意團隊的管理者來說,提供了一個警示,提醒他們關注人工智慧使用對專業身份感、意義感和創意產出等方面的影響,並為人工智慧使用對專業藝術家這一特定領域的影響提供了實證結果。本研究依賴於從 Prolific 平台收集的294名專業藝術家的回應,並經過多重篩選以確保準確性。本研究將專業藝術家定義為擁有藝術/設計相關領域的正式教育,或在該行業擁有工作經歷(或曾經擁有)的個體。利用部分最小二乘結構方程模型(PLS-SEM),本研究結果顯示專業藝術家使用人工智慧與其專業身份感、意義感和感知創意之間存在正向關係。這意味著在支持性環境中使用人工智慧可以增強藝術家的身份感、從創意工作中獲得的意義感以及展現的創意。相反,在非支持性環境中則會導致相反的結果。就警示因素而言,本研究建議管理者更好地考慮影響其下屬的因素,例如在本案例中是生成式人工智慧這一有爭議的新技術的實施
The field of Artificial Intelligence might not be new, but it could still be considered to be in its nascent stages. As the creative industry races to create more and more sophisticated Generative AI tools, and compete to be the first to implement these new technologies, they often fail to take into consideration the potential impact of doing so. Given how new this field are and the lack of previous research regarding its impact on the creative industry, this research serves as a warning to managers in charge of a group of creatives on the impact of AI usage on their professional identity, perception of meaningfulness, and creativity output, as well as a contributor of empirical results on the field of AI usage impact on the specific domain of professional artists. This study relies on responses from 294 professional artists gathered from the platform Prolific, screened through several filters to ensure accuracy. Professional artists are defined by this study as those who possess a formal education in art/design related fields, or those who possess a job (or previously do so) in said industry. Using PLS-SEM, the results of this study explain how AI usage by professional artists has a positive relationship with their professional identity, perception of meaningfulness, and perceived creativity. This implies that AI usage in a supportive environment could enhance artistic identity, the meaning derived from creative work, and the creativity exuded. Within a non-supportive environment on the other hand would result in the opposite. In terms of the warning factor, this research suggests managers take better consideration of the things affecting those under their lead, such as in this case the implementation of controversial new technology, Generative AI.
Ahuja, S., Nikolova, N., & Clegg, S. (2017). Paradoxical identity: The changing nature of architectural work and its relation to architects’ identity. Journal of Professions and Organization, 4(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jow013
Ali Elfa, M. A., & Dawood, M. E. T. (2023). Using Artificial Intelligence for enhancing Human Creativity. Journal of Art, Design and Music, 2(2), 3. https://doi.org/10.55554/2785-9649.1017
Allan, B. A. (2017). Task significance and meaningful work: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.07.011
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
Appel, G., Neelbauer, J., & Schweidel, D. A. (2023). Generative AI Has an Intellectual Property Problem. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/04/generative-ai-has-an-intellectual-property-problem
Ashforth, B. E., Joshi, M., Anand, V., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2013). Extending the expanded model of organizational identification to occupations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(12), 2426–2448. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12190
Baer, J. (2015). The Importance of Domain-Specific Expertise in Creativity. Roeper Review, 37, 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2015.1047480
Bailey, C., Yeoman, R., Madden, A., Thompson, M., & Kerridge, G. (2019). A Review of the Empirical Literature on Meaningful Work: Progress and Research Agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 18(1), 83–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484318804653
Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. Guilford Press.
Bellaiche, L., Shahi, R., Turpin, M. H., Ragnhildstveit, A., Sprockett, S., Barr, N., Christensen, A., & Seli, P. (2023). Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 8(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-023-00499-6
Bentein, K., Guerrero, S., Jourdain, G., & Chênevert, D. (2017). Investigating occupational disidentification: A resource loss perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-01-2016-0015
Boden, M. A. (1998). Creativity and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 40 Years Later, 103(1), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00055-1
Boden, M. A., & Edmonds, E. A. (2009). What is generative art? Digital Creativity. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233128802
Both-Nwabuwe, J. M. C., Dijkstra, M. T. M., & Beersma, B. (2017). Sweeping the Floor or Putting a Man on the Moon: How to Define and Measure Meaningful Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01658
Brewer, M. B., & Roccas, S. (2001). Individual values, social identity, and optimal distinctiveness. Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self., 219–237.
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., & Kaplan, J. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. Neurlps, 33. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2020/hash/1457c0d6bfcb4967418bfb8ac142f64a-Abstract.html
Caley, M. J., O’Leary, R. A., Fisher, R., Low‐Choy, S., Johnson, S., & Mengersen, K. (2014). What is an expert? A systems perspective on expertise. Ecology and Evolution, 4(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.926
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the Self-Regulation of Behavior. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174794
Chalofsky, N., & Krishna, V. (2009). Meaningfulness, Commitment, and Engagement:The Intersection of a Deeper Level of Intrinsic Motivation. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11(2), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422309333147
Chamberlain, R., Mullin, C., Scheerlinck, B., & Wagemans, J. (2018). Putting the art in artificial: Aesthetic responses to computer-generated art. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 12(2), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000136
Chatterjee, A. (2022). Art in an age of artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024449
Chavis, D. M., Lee, K. S., & Acosta, J. D. (2014). Sense of community index 2. American Psychological Association. http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/t33090-000
Chayka, K. (2023, March 10). The uncanny failure of a. I. -generated hands. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/rabbit-holes/the-uncanny-failures-of-ai-generated-hands
Cohen-Meitar, R., Carmeli, A., & Waldman, D. A. (2009). Linking Meaningfulness in the Workplace to Employee Creativity: The Intervening Role of Organizational Identification and Positive Psychological Experiences. Creativity Research Journal, 21(4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410902969910
Cotman, C. W., & Berchtold, N. C. (2002). Exercise: A behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends in Neurosciences, 25(6), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02143-4
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience.
De Cremer, D., Bianzino, N. M., & Falk, B. (2023, April 13). How generative AI could disrupt creative work. Harvard Bussiness Review. https://hbr.org/2023/04/how-generative-ai-could-disrupt-creative-work
Dollinger, S. J., Clancy Dollinger, S. M., & Centeno, L. (2005). Identity and Creativity. Identity, 5(4), 315–339. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532706xid0504_2
Domínguez, E. S. (2013). Work stressors and creativity. M@n@gement, 16(4), 479–503. https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.164.0479
Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., Douglass, R. P., England, J. W., & Velez, B. L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000276
Eapen, T. T. (2023). How Generative AI can augment human creativity. https://hbr.org/2023/07/how-generative-ai-can-augment-human-creativity
Elgammal, ahmed, Bingchen, L., Elhoseiny, M., & Mazzone, M. (2017). CAN: Creative Adversarial Networks Generating “Art” by Learning About Styles and Deviating from Style Norms.
Elgammal, A., & Mazzone, M. (2020). Artists, Artificial Intelligence and Machine-based Creativity in Playform. Artnodes, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7238/a.v0i26.3366
Elsbach, K. D., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Defining who you are by what you’re not: Organizational disidentification and the National Rifle Association. Organization Science, 12(4), 393–413. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.4.393.10638
Emmons, R. A. (1996). Striving and Feeling: Personal Goals and Subjective Well Being. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action (pp. 313–317). Guilford Press.
Epstein, Z., Hertzmann, A., the Investigators of Human Creativity, Akten, M., Farid, H., Fjeld, J., Frank, M. R., Groh, M., Herman, L., Leach, N., Mahari, R., Pentland, A. “Sandy,” Russakovsky, O., Schroeder, H., & Smith, A. (2023). Art and the science of generative AI. Science, 380(6650), 1110–1111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh4451
Farmer, S. M., Tierney, P., & Kung-McIntyre, K. (2003). Employee Creativity in Taiwan: An Application of Role Identity Theory. The Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 618–630. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040653
Fave, A. D., Brdar, I., Wissing, M. P., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2013). Sources and motives for personal meaning in adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830761
Fischer, C., Malycha, C. P., & Schafmann, E. (2019). The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Franceschelli, G., & Musolesi, M. (2022). Copyright in generative deep learning. Data & Policy, 4, e17. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.10
Galanter, P. (2003). What Is Generative Art? Complexity Theory as a Context for Art Theory. International Conference on Generative Art, Milan, Italy Generative Design Lab, Milan Polytechnic.
Gaut, B. (2010). The Philosophy of Creativity. Philosophy Compass, 5(12), 1034–1046. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00351.x
George, L., & Park, C. (2016). Meaning in Life as Comprehension, Purpose, and Mattering: Toward Integration and New Research Questions. Review of General Psychology, 20. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000077
George, L. S., & Park, C. L. (2014). Existential Mattering: Bringing Attention to a Neglected but Central Aspect of Meaning? In A. Batthyany & P. Russo-Netzer (Eds.), Meaning in Positive and Existential Psychology (pp. 39–51). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0308-5_3
Gilchrist, M. B. (1980). The Definition and Identification of Creativity. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 17(4), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841118001700407
Grand View Research. (2023, July 3). Artificial intelligence market to hit $1,811. 75 billion by 2030: Grand view research, inc. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/artificial-intelligence-market-to-hit-1-811-75-billion-by-2030-grand-view-research-inc-301868806.html
Griffin, A. (2017). Adolescent Neurological Development and Implications for Health and Well-Being. Healthcare, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare5040062
Gruber, H., & Jossberger, H. (2012). Development of Expertise and High Performance in Content-Area Learning. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 953–956). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1687
Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5(9), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063487
Handzic, M., & Chaimungkalanont, M. (2004). Enhancing Organisational Creativity Through Socialisation. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 2, 57–64.
Hansson, S. O., Björklund Carlstedt, A., & Morville, A.-L. (2022). Occupational identity in occupational therapy: A concept analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 29(3), 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2021.1948608
Hart, R., & Hart, D. (2023). Examining the Pro-Self and Prosocial Components of a Calling Outlook: A Critical Review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080684
Haslam, S. A., Powell, C., & Turner, J. (2000). Social Identity, Self-categorization, and Work Motivation: Rethinking the Contribution of the Group to Positive and Sustainable Organisational Outcomes. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00018
Helzer, E. G., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Creativity for Workplace Well-Being. Academy of Management Perspectives, 33(2), 134–147. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0141
Huang, Y. (2023). The Future of Generative AI: How GenAI Would Change Human-Computer Co-Creation in the Next 10 to 15 Years. Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 322–325. https://doi.org/10.1145/3573382.3616033
Iatridis, K., Gond, J.-P., & Kesidou, E. (2022). How Meaningfulness and Professional Identity Interact in Emerging Professions: The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility Consultants. Organization Studies, 43(9), 1401–1423. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406211035506
Im, S., & Workman, J. P. (2004). Market Orientation, Creativity, and New Product Performance in High-Technology Firms. Journal of Marketing, 68(2), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.2.114.27788
Inie, N., Falk, J., & Tanimoto, S. (2023). Designing Participatory AI: Creative Professionals’ Worries and Expectations about Generative AI. Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3585657
Ivcevic, Z. (2007). Artistic and Everyday Creativity: An Act-Frequency Approach. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 41. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2007.tb01074.x
James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology (Vol. 1). Henry Holt and Company.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1971). Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrika, 36(2), 109–133. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291393
Jussupow, E., Spohrer, K., & Heinzl, A. (2022). Identity Threats as a Reason for Resistance to Artificial Intelligence: Survey Study With Medical Students and Professionals. JMIR Form Res, 6(3), e28750. https://doi.org/10.2196/28750
Kim, S., Vincent, L., & Goncalo, J. (2012). Outside Advantage: Can Social Rejection Fuel Creative Thought? Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 142. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029728
King, L. A., & Hicks, J. A. (2021). The Science of Meaning in Life. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 561–584. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-072420-122921
Klussman, K., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Nichols, A. L. (2022). The Importance of Awareness, Acceptance, and Alignment With the Self: A Framework for Understanding Self-Connection. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 18(1), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.3707
Ko, H.-K., Park, G., Jeon, H., Jo, J., Kim, J., & Seo, J. (2022). Large-scale Text-to-Image Generation Models for Visual Artists’ Creative Works. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252918751
Lai, P. C. (2018). The literature review of Research methodology (SEM)—Chapter 3. 15, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-1775201815010
Li, X., Li, P., Gao, Y., Wang, T., He, Y., & Li, X. (2022). Research on the relationship model between professional identity and life meaning of clinical medical freshmen based on artificial intelligence medical image detection. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 2022, 2798513. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2798513
Magni, F., Park, J., & Chao, M. M. (2023). Humans as Creativity Gatekeepers: Are We Biased Against AI Creativity? Journal of Business and Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-023-09910-x
Martela, F., & Pessi, A. B. (2018). Significant Work Is About Self-Realization and Broader Purpose: Defining the Key Dimensions of Meaningful Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00363
Martela, F., & Steger, M. F. (2016). The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623
May, D., Gilson, R., & Harter, L. (2004). The Psychological Conditions of Meaningfulness, Safety and Availability and the Engagement of the Human Spirit at Work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 11–37. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915892
Nicholls, J. G. (1972). Creativity in the person who will never produce anything original and useful: The concept of creativity as a normally distributed trait. American Psychologist, 27(8), 717–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033180
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed). McGraw-Hill; WorldCat.
Ploin, A., Eynon, R., Hjorth, I., & Osborne, M. A. (2022). AI and the Arts: How Machine Learning is Changing Creative Work. Oxford Internet Institute. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/news-events/reports/ai-the-arts/
Praskova, A., Creed, P., & Hood, M. (2014). The Development and Initial Validation of a Career Calling Scale for Emerging Adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714523089
Pratt, M., & Ashforth, B. (2003). Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work (pp. 309–327).
Qiu, L., Miao, Q., Zhao, Y., Zhu, L., & Wang, Y. (2023). A study on the impact of life meaning on occupational identity of nursing students in China:a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 480. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01667-1
Radford, A., Kim, J. W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., & Goh, G. (2021). Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision. abs/2103.00020. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2103.00020
Ramesh, A., Dhariwal, P., Nichol, A., Chu, C., & Chen, M. (2022). Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents. ArXiv. arXiv:2204.06125
Ramos, M. A. W., Figueiredo, P. S., & Pereira-Guizzo, C. (2018). Antecedents of innovation in industry: The impact of work environment factors on creative performance. Innovation & Management Review, 15(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-05-2018-0032
Riemenschneider, C., & Armstrong, D. (2020). The Development of the Perceived Distinctiveness Antecedent of Information Systems Professional Identity. MIS Quarterly, 45. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2021/14626
Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005
Rombach, R., Blattmann, A., Lorenz, D., Esser, P., & Ommer, B. (2022). High-Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models. IEEE/CVF, 10684–10695. https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2022/html/Rombach_High-Resolution_Image_Synthesis_With_Latent_Diffusion_Models_CVPR_2022_paper.html
Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2010). On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 91–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001
Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271074
Schnell, T., & Danbolt, L. J. (2023). The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS): Development and multi-study validation of short measures of meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and sources of purpose. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 304. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01319-8
Schwartz, S. H., Breyer, B., & Danner, D. (2015). Human values scale(Ess). ZIS - The Collection Items and Scales for the Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6102/ZIS234
Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Demirutku, K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 663–688. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029393
Shaffi, S. (2023, January 23). ‘It’s the opposite of art’: Why illustrators are furious about AI. Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/jan/23/its-the-opposite-of-art-why-illustrators-are-furious-about-ai
Shalley, C. E., Gilson, L. L., & Blum, T. C. (2009). Interactive Effects of Growth Need Strength, Work Context, and Job Complexity on Self-Reported Creative Performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 52(3), 489–505. JSTOR.
Sharma, G., Yukhymenko, M., & Kang, Z. (2017). Sense of Purpose Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Applied Developmental Science, 21, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2016.1262262
Sheikh, H., Prins, C., & Schrijvers, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence: Definition and Background. In H. Sheikh, C. Prins, & E. Schrijvers (Eds.), Mission AI: The New System Technology (pp. 15–41). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21448-6_2
Slack, G. (2023, January 17). What DALL-E reveals about human creativity. Standford HAI. https://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativity
Small, Z. (2023, August 21). As fight over a. I. Artwork unfolds, judge rejects copyright claim. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/21/arts/design/copyright-ai-artwork.html
Sonja, S., Anne, R., & Marina, K. (2022). Toward a conceptual understanding of co-creation in branding. Journal of Business Research, 139, 543–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.051
Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F., Lambert, N. M., Crescioni, A. W., DeWall, C. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2009). Alone and without purpose: Life loses meaning following social exclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 686–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007
Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695840
Tajfel, H. (1978). The achievement of inter-group differentiation. Differentiation between social groups.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). „An integrative theory of inter-group conflict “, Austin, W.─ S. The Social Psychology of Inter-Group Relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 15–40). University Press.
Turner, J. C. (2010). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. (p. 272). Psychology Press.
Twenge, J. M., Catanese, K. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3), 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.409
Verma, P. (2023, March 26). AI can draw hands now. That’s bad news for deep-fakes. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/26/ai-generated-hands-midjourney/
Wasielewski, A. (2023). “Midjourney Can’t Count”: Questions of Representation and Meaning for Text-to-Image Generators. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Image Sciences, 37(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1453/1614-0885-1-2023-15454
Waterman, A. S. (1984). Identity Formation: Discovery or Creation. Journal of Early Adolescence, 4(4), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431684044004
Watts, R., Kettner, H., Geerts, D., Gandy, S., Kartner, L., Mertens, L., Timmermann, C., Nour, M. M., Kaelen, M., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R., & Roseman, L. (2022). The Watts Connectedness Scale: A new scale for measuring a sense of connectedness to self, others, and world. Psychopharmacology, 239(11), 3461–3483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06187-5
Wille, B., & De Fruyt, F. (2014). Vocations as a source of identity: Reciprocal relations between Big Five personality traits and RIASEC characteristics over 15 years. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034917
Williams, P., McDonald, P., & Mayes, R. (2021). The impact of disruptive innovation on creative workers: The case of photographers. Creative Industries Journal, 14(2), 130–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2020.1858707
Witt, L. A. (1993). Reactions to work assignment as predictors of organizational commitment: The moderating effect of occupational identification. Special Issue Loyalty in a Multi-Commitment World, 26(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(93)90040-V
Wong, P. T. (1989). Personal meaning and successful aging. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 30(3), 516–525. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079829
Worklife Editorial. (2023, February 22). These artists are using ai as a creative partner. See how! · worklife blog. Worklife. https://www.worklife.vc/blog/ai-artist
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, Careers, and Callings: People’s Relations to Their Work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162
Wu, Z., Ji, D., Yu, K., Zeng, X., Wu, D., & Shidujaman, M. (2021). AI Creativity and the Human-AI Co-creation Model (pp. 171–190). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78462-1_13
Xurui, T., Yaxu, Y., Qiangqiang, L., Yu, M., Bin, Z., & Xueming, B. (2018). Mechanisms of Creativity Differences Between Art and Non-art Majors: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02319
Yuen, M., Lee, Q. A. Y., Kam, J., & Lau, P. S. Y. (2017). Purpose in Life: A Brief Review of the Literature and Its Implications for School Guidance Programs. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 27(1), 55–69. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.18