研究生: |
吳宜真 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
一位小幼兒玩躲貓貓遊戲之研究 |
指導教授: |
簡淑真
Chien, Shu-Chen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
人類發展與家庭學系 Department of Human Development and Family Studies |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 110 |
中文關鍵詞: | 小幼兒 、玩躲貓貓遊戲 、心智理論 |
英文關鍵詞: | infant, peekaboo, theory of mind |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:262 下載:85 |
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摘 要
本研究採參與觀察法探討一位小幼兒玩躲貓貓遊戲的行為,並試圖詮釋她想法中的躲貓貓遊戲及她在遊戲中理解他人心理狀態的情形。研究者從自己女兒七個月大起至她十八個月大期間和她玩躲貓貓遊戲,觀察她在躲貓貓遊戲中的反應。
結果發現,她在躲貓貓遊戲中的行為可分為三個階段,最初為「觀察」,接著是「初步參與互動」,最後是「主動玩躲貓貓遊戲」階段。
她在「觀察」階段,主要的遊戲行為為注視及觀察、微笑及笑出聲。在「初步參與互動」階段,她在不同的躲貓貓遊戲情境中選擇性地發出笑容,出現重複拿開遮蔽物、模仿拿起放下遮蔽物及能預測遊戲對象臉再度出現位置的情形。在「主動玩躲貓貓遊戲」階段,約從十二個月大起,她先「練習操弄遮蔽物」就地取材地遮住臉,並開始對遊戲啟始訊號一ㄠㄣ有所回應。在十四個月大左右她對「練習遮眼」產生興趣,她先學習為遊戲對象遮眼,再練習以手或手臂遮住自己的眼睛,並在躲藏中露出一隻眼睛觀察遊戲對象。十七個月大起,她出現躲到家具旁的躲藏遊戲,但她仍會調整位置以便觀察遊戲對象的反應。此時,她在遮眼及藏身躲貓貓遊戲中能躲藏一段時間,並出現短暫抑制露出自己的情形。
她玩遮臉躲貓貓遊戲時,會重複出現注視與觀察、發出笑容與笑聲、拿開遮蔽物、重複玩及對一ㄠㄣ有回應等特質;從她獨特的躲貓貓遊戲玩法裡,可以看出她似乎以為只要她遮住眼睛,就是在躲藏,別人就看不到她。
從她遊戲中的反應,可推敲出她在十個月大出現預測遊戲對象臉出現方位的能力;在她十二個月大時,瞭解遊戲對象有意啟始遊戲的意圖;十六個月大左右,她更能主動扮演躲藏者—抑制露出,不讓遊戲對象看到。這些現象可能隱含著她在十六個月大前,已能初步理解他人的意圖,並預測他人的行動。
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