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研究生： 邱建林
Jian-Lin Chiu
論文名稱： 應用多通道史托克接收器於分波多工與極化鍵控光纖通訊系統之研究
Study of WDM/PolSK Fiber-Optic Communication System Based on Multi-Channel Stokes Receiver
指導教授： 曹士林
Tsao, Shyh-Lin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 光電工程研究所
Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
論文出版年： 2005
畢業學年度： 93
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 164
中文關鍵詞： 極化鍵控 、光纖雷射 、史托克接收器 、分波多工 、邦佳球 、偏極化 、光纖環形反射鏡 、光纖通訊系統
英文關鍵詞： PolSK, Fiber laser, Stokes receiver, WDM, Poincare sphere, Polarization, Fiber loop mirror, Fiber-optic communication system
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：373  下載：7 
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    • 本文提出利用對稱性共振腔雷射、多工器、相位調變器及自製多通道史托克接收器組成一分波多工與極化鍵控光纖通訊系統。我們利用共振腔原理設計了一個對稱性之共振腔體，產生多波長的單模雷射，並利用相位調變器調變此單模雷射，產生簡易實用的分波多工與極化鍵控系統之訊號源。此外，我們應用單模光纖彎曲、擠壓特性與電子電路之設計，架構了一個多通道偏極化量測分析之史托克接收器，我們可應用此多通道接收器分析偏極化狀態並追尋偏極化擾動之變化軌跡。我們應用此偏極化鍵控光源與多通道接收器進行多層次分波多工與極化鍵控光纖通訊系統傳輸之研究。我們將應用多通道史托克接收器分析不同層次極化鍵控的資料傳輸特性，以評估分析我們所設計之分波多工與極化鍵控系統之特點與可行性。

    In this thesis, we provide a simple but novel solution for WDM/PolSK fiber-optic communication system. We use a 1.3 μm SOA, 1×4 channel WDM MUX/DeMUX, 90:10 2×2 fiber couplers, and 50:50 1×2 fiber couplers to form a WDM symmetric resonator laser. By combining the resonator laser and phase modulators together, we can provide a well performance multi-level WDM/PolSK light source. Besides, we design a multi-channel Stokes receiver as the polarization-state measured WDM/PolSK receiver to track the changes of the SOPs of the WDM/PolSK lightwave. By using the multi-channel Stokes receiver, we can easily observe and analysis the changes of the SOPs. Moreover, we set up a WDM/PolSK fiber-optic transmission experiment with 1Gbps signal. In this experiment, we track the SOP variation by using the multi-channel Stokes receiver. Moreover, we compare the received signal with the initial signal to see the performance of our WDM/PolSK transmission system and check the practicalities of our homemade components in the WDM/PolSK fiber-optic communication system.
    The proposed design of our WDM/PolSK fiber-optic transmission system can serve as another possibility for PolSK signaling for high spectral efficiency and low symbol-rate systems. We can validate this WDM/PolSK scheme as a potential solution for future high-speed modulation format.

    Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………………i English Abstract………………………………...…………………….....ii Acknowledgment………………………………………………………. iv Contents ………………………………………….……….………..….…v List of Figures ………………………………………………...…..….. viii List of Tables ……………………………………….….……….….…xvii Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………......……1 1-1 Introduction of PolSK Transmission…….........................................……1 1-2 Definition of Polarization and Stokes Parameters…………………….…4 1-2-1 Polarization and the State of Polarization (SOP)…………………4 1-2-2 Stokes Parameters…………………………………...……………6 1-3 Summary……………………………………………………………...….8 Chapter 2 Multi-Wavelength WDM Fiber Laser…..…..…..…10 2-1 The Structure of the Multi-Wavelength Fiber Resonator Laser......……11 2-1-1 Broadband SOA in the Resonator Laser..............................…….11 2-1-2 Description of The Experimental Setup...............................…….12 2-2 Theory of General Laser Resonance………...…....………...…...……..13 2-2-1 E-Field Models of Symmetric Resonator Cavity.................…….14 2-2-1-1 E-Field of the Fiber Loop Mirror………………………14 2-2-1-2 General Theoretical Model of the Symmetric Resonator Laser…………………………………………………20 2-2-2 Numerical Results of Our Symmetric Resonator Laser…….....22 2-3 Experimental Results of Our Symmetric Resonator Lasers………….23 2-3-1 L-I Curve of Symmetric Resonator Laser with Different Driving Current of the SOA ...…………………………………………...23 2-3-2 Experimental Spectrum of the Symmetric Resonator Laser…….25 2-3-3 Analysis of the Stability and the Power Variation of Our CW Laser…………………………………………………………….27 2-4 Polarization State Analysis of the Symmetric Laser…………………28 2-5 Summary.……………...…...…………………………………..………30 Chapter 3 A Multi-Channel Polarization-State Measured Stokes Receiver…….…………………..…..…..…51 3-1 The Structure of the Multi-Channel Stokes Receiver.......…………...…53 3-2 Working Theorem of the Multi-Channel Stokes Receiver…….…..…56 3-3 Calibrations and Performance Analysis of the Multi-Channel Stokes Receiver………………………………………………………………59 3-3-1 Calibrations of the Polarization Analysis Units…………...…….60 3-3-2 Frequency Response and the Transmission Delay of the Homemade Stokes Receiver……………..……………………62 3-4 Experimental Accuracy of Our Stokes Receiver.......………………..…64 3-4-1 Description of the Experimental Setup………………..…...…….65 3-4-2 Analysis of the Accuracy of Our Stokes Receiver….….……...…66 3-5 Summary……………………………………….......………………..…72 Chapter 4 WDM/PolSK Fiber-Optic Communication System………………………………………..…96 4-1 Two Level WDM/Polarization Shift Keying Communication System…………………………………………..........…………...…98 4-1-1 Two-level PolSK Communication System………………….....98 4-1-1-1 Description of Single Wavelength Two-level PolSK Communication System……………………………99 4-1-1-2 Calibration of Stokes Transformation Matrix of the DeMUX………………….…………………………100 4-1-1-3 Experimental Results of 2-PolSK Communication with the Four Wavelengths of Our Fiber Laser………105 4-1-2 Two-Level WDM/PolSK Communication System…………….110 4-2 Four-Level PolSK Fiber-Optic Communication System…….……..111 4-3 Summary……………………………………………………………113 Chapter 5 Conclusions…………………………………………….141 References..…………………………………………………………..144 AppendixⅠ The Relationship between the Elements of the Jones Matrix and a Waveplate…...……………....159 AppendixⅡ The Derivation of Power Intensity of a Symmetric Resonator Laser Constructed of Fiber Loop Mirrors from Electrical Field…...……………….161 Publication Lists ……………………….………………….….….xviii List of Figures Fig. 2-1 The schematic diagram of the fiber ring laser architecture...……………………………………………………..31 Fig. 2-2 The equivalent circuit of symmetric resonator fiber ring laser.….31 Fig. 2-3 All-fiber loop mirror constructed from a fiber coupler.…….…....32 Fig. 2-4 The reflectance as a function of coupling ratio and birefringence of a fiber loop mirror………………………………….........……….32 Fig. 2-5 The transmittance as a function of coupling ratio and birefringence of a fiber loop mirror……..……………………..…….………....33 Fig. 2-6 The fiber laser with all-fiber loop mirror….………………….….33 Fig. 2-7 Experimental setup of the gain profile measurement of the SOA at iSOA= 250mA…………………………………………………...34 Fig. 2-8 The gain profile of the 1.3μm SOA at the iSOA=250 mA………………………………………………….34 Fig. 2-9 The calculation results of the optical response of the output symmetric resonator laser………………….…....…..…………...35 Fig. 2-10 L-I curves of the output laser with different driving current……………………………………...…..……………...35 Fig. 2-11 The output lasing spectrum with driving current of SOA is 90mA…………………………………………………..…………36 Fig. 2-12 The output lasing spectrum with driving current of SOA is 130mA……………………………………………………………36 Fig. 2-13 The output lasing spectrum with driving current of SOA is 170mA……………………………………………………………37 Fig. 2-14 The output lasing spectrum with driving current of SOA is 210mA…………………………………………………………37 Fig. 2-15 The curve of SMSR versus driving current of SOA @ λ=1347.24nm……….………………………………………...38 Fig. 2-16 The curve of SMSR versus driving current of SOA @ λ=1347.94nm……….………………………………………...38 Fig. 2-17 The curve of SMSR versus driving current of SOA @ λ=1348.65nm……….………………………………………...39 Fig. 2-18 The curve of SMSR versus driving current of SOA @ λ=1349.34nm……….………………………………………...39 Fig. 2-19 (a) The optical spectrum of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 90mA……………………………………………………..40 Fig. 2-19 (b) The relationship of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 90mA……..……………………………………………………..40 Fig. 2-20 (a) The optical spectrum of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 130mA……..……………………………………………..41 Fig. 2-20 (b) The relationship of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 130mA……..…………………..………………………………..41 Fig. 2-21 (a) The optical spectrum of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 170mA……………………………………………………42 Fig. 2-21 (b) The relationship of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 170mA ………………………………………………………….42 Fig. 2-22 (a) The optical spectrum of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 210mA…………………………………………………43 Fig. 2-22 (b) The relationship of the stability of the output laser @ iSOA= 210mA ………………………………………………………….43 Fig. 2-23 The polarization state measurement with different current of SOA @ λ=1347.24nm………………………………………44 Fig. 2-24 The polarization state measurement with different current of SOA @ λ=1347.94nm………………………………………45 Fig. 2-25 The polarization state measurement with different current of SOA @ λ=1348.65nm………………………………………46 Fig. 2-26 The polarization state measurement with different current of SOA @ λ=1349.34nm………………………………………47 Fig. 2-27 The polarization state variation of the laser with turning the driving current of SOA from 80mA to 250mA...………………48 Fig. 3-1 The schematic diagram of the multi-channel polarization-state measured Stokes receiver…………..……………….……….…...74 Fig. 3-2 The schematic diagram of a single polarization analysis unit ...75 Fig. 3-3 Picture of a finished single polarization analysis unit………….75 Fig. 3-4 The circuit diagram of a single electrical amplified circuit...…....76 Fig. 3-5 The picture of a finished receiver unit……………………..….....76 Fig. 3-6 The picture of the finished single unit of the multi-channel Stokes receiver..……………………………………………………..….77 Fig. 3-7 Illustration of the meanings of the measured output intensities…77 Fig. 3-8 (a) Calibration procedure of the handiwork polarizer HP1 and polarization analyzer PA1 of channel 2 (b) Calibration result of channel 2 on the Poincar sphere (c) Calibration result of channel 2 shown in E-Field diagram………………….......……………...78 Fig. 3-9 (a) Calibration procedure of the handiwork polarizer HP2 and polarization analyzer PA2 of channel 3 (b) Calibration result of channel 3 on the Poincar sphere (c) Calibration result of channel 3 shown in E-Field diagram……………………………..…………79 Fig. 3-10 (a) Calibration procedure of the handiwork polarizer HP3 and polarization analyzer PA3 of channel 4 (b) Calibration result of channel 4 on the Poincar sphere (c) Calibration result of channel 4 shown in E-Field diagram……………………………….……..80 Fig. 3-11 Experimental setup of frequency response measurement of the homemade optical receiver…………………………………...….81 Fig. 3-12 The frequency response of the homemade optical receiver……………………………………………………….…..81 Fig. 3-13 Experimental setup for analyzing the phenomenon of transmission delay of our Stokes receiver……………………………………82 Fig. 3-14 Relative transmission delay of the sixteen channels of our multi- channel Stokes receiver………….……………………………….83 Fig. 3-15 The schematic diagram of accuracy measurement experiment……………………………………………………..84 Fig. 3-16 The initial SOP of the tunable laser source measured by PA430...84 Fig. 3-17 The initial SOP of the tunable laser source measured by our Stokes receiver…………………………………………………………85 Fig. 3-18 The output SOP of the tunable laser source after 100km transmission measured by PA430 without compensation………86 Fig. 3-19 The output SOP of the tunable laser source after 100km transmission measured by Stokes receiver without compensation86 Fig. 3-20 The output SOP of the tunable laser source after 100km transmission measured by PA430 with compensation…………87 Fig. 3-21 The output SOP of the tunable laser source after 100km transmission measured by Stokes receiver with compensation….88 Fig. 3-22 Variation of DOP with or without compensation by using (a) PA430 (b) Stokes receiver (1st Unit)……………………………89 Fig. 3-22 Variation of DOP with or without compensation by using (c) Stokes receiver (2nd Unit) (d) Stokes receiver (3rd Unit)………90 Fig. 3-22(e) Variation of DOP with or without compensation by using Stokes receiver (4th Unit)…………………………………………….....91 Fig. 3-23 (a) Variation of ellipticity with or without compensation by using PA430……………………………………………………………91 Fig. 3-23 Variation of ellipticity with or without compensation by using (b) Stokes receiver (1st Unit) (c) Stokes receiver (2nd Unit)…….92 Fig. 3-23 Variation of ellipticity with or without compensation by using (d) Stokes receiver (3rd Unit) (e) Stokes receiver (4th Unit)……..93 Fig. 4-1 The schematic diagram of 10km single wavelength (λ1 for example) 2-PolSK fiber-optic communication system.………...114 Fig. 4-2 The schematic diagram of the 2-PolSK signal source………115 Fig. 4-3 The schematic diagram of matrix transformation…...…..……116 Fig. 4-4 The basic principle of three-point defined Stokes Transformation Matrix…………………………………………………………116 Fig. 4-5 The three SOPs of the partial polarized laser including polarization controller…………………………….…...…...……………….117 Fig. 4-6 The output three SOPs of the partial polarized laser after passing the first channel of the DeMUX…………………………...……117 Fig. 4-7 The output three SOPs of the partial polarized laser after passing the second channel of the DeMUX………..…….…………….118 Fig. 4-8 The output three SOPs of the partial polarized laser after passing the third channel of the DeMUX………………….……………119 Fig. 4-9 The output three SOPs of the partial polarized laser after passing the fourth channel of the DeMUX……………………………120 Fig. 4-10 The waveform of the input electrical signal…………………121 Fig. 4-11 The lasing spectrum of the optical source after modulation…121 Fig. 4-12 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after being modulated……………………..………122 Fig. 4-13 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after passing through 10km SMF………………..122 Fig. 4-14 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after being compensated………………………123 Fig. 4-15 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after passing through DeMUX……………………123 Fig. 4-16 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after calibration…………………………………124 Fig. 4-17 Waveforms of the input signal and received signals of CH1 to CH4……………………………………………………………124 Fig. 4-18 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ2 = 1347.94nm after being modulated……………………………125 Fig. 4-19 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ2 = 1347.94nm after passing through 10km SMF…………………125 Fig. 4-20 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ2 = 1347.94nm after being compensated…………………………126 Fig. 4-21 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ2 = 1347.94nm after passing through DeMUX……………………126 Fig. 4-22 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ2 = 1347.94nm after calibration…………………………………127 Fig. 4-23 Waveforms of the input signal and received signals of CH5 to CH8…………………………………………………………….127 Fig. 4-24 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ3 = 1348.65nm after being modulated……………………………128 Fig. 4-25 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ3 = 1348.65nm after passing through 10km SMF…………………128 Fig. 4-26 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ3 = 1348.65nm after being compensated…………………………129 Fig. 4-27 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ3 = 1348.65nm after passing through DeMUX……………………..129 Fig. 4-28 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ3 = 1348.65nm after calibration…………………………………130 Fig. 4-29 Waveforms of the input signal and received signals of CH9 to CH12…………………………………………………………130 Fig. 4-30 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after being modulated……………………………131 Fig. 4-31 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after passing through 10km SMF…………………131 Fig. 4-32 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after being compensated…………………………132 Fig. 4-33 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after passing through DeMUX……………………132 Fig. 4-34 The SOPs of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after calibration…………………………………133 Fig. 4-35 Waveforms of the input signal and received signals of CH13 to CH16……………………………………………………………133 Fig. 4-36 The schematic diagram of 10km two wavelength WDM/2-PolSK fiber-optic communication system……………………………134 Fig. 4-37 The SOPs of the binary input data of the coupled lightwave after being modulated………………………………………………135 Fig. 4-38 The SOPs of the binary input data of the coupled lightwave after passing through 10km SMF……………………………………135 Fig. 4-39 The SOPs of the binary input data of the coupled lightwave after being compensated……………………………………………136 Fig. 4-40 The SOP of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after passing through DeMUX……………………136 Fig. 4-41 The SOP of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ1 = 1347.24nm after calibration…………………………………137 Fig. 4-42 The SOP of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after passing through DeMUX……………………137 Fig. 4-43 The SOP of the binary input data of the lasing peaks λ4 = 1349.34nm after calibration……………………………………138 Fig. 4-44 The schematic diagram of 10km 4-PolSK fiber-optic communication system by using λ2 = 1347.94nm……………138 Fig. 4-45 The constellation of 4-PolSK after being modulated…………139 Fig. 4-46 The constellation variation of 4-PolSK after passing through the 10km single mode fiber………………………………………139 Fig. 4-47 The constellation of 4-PolSK after being compensated………..140 Fig. 4-48 Illustration of the the received signals comparing with the source signals………………………………………………………….140 List of Tables Table 2-1 The specification of the 1.3μm SOA....…………………….……49 Table 2-2 The relationship between the gain profile and driving current of 1.3μm SOA....……..……………….……………………………49 Table 2-3 The simulation parameters of the fiber resonator laser………….50 Table 3-1 Calibration parameters of all polarization analysis units…….94 Table 3-2 3dB bandwidths of the sixteen channels of the homemade optical receiver………………………………………………………….94 Table 3-3 The comparison of the experimental results between PA430 and our Stokes receiver…………..………………………………….95

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