台灣在 1993 年 9 月老年人口達到 148 萬,正式邁入高齡化社會 (老年人口總數達佔全國總人口數 7.1%以上), 隨著人口持續老化,老年人口扶養比也隨之攀升,預估至民國 125 年時,由於戰後嬰兒潮時期出生的人口逐漸邁入老年,扶養比將變成每三位工作年齡人口就必須扶養一位老人的狀況。老年扶養比不斷的升高,顯示老年人口社會上工作人口所帶來的經濟、安置療養負擔將越來越沉重。

政府近年來銀髮族照護問題已開始有了積極的相應措施,投入於老年福利措施之經費呈現逐年成長,無非是希望可以降低高齡化社會所帶來的衝擊。除了原有福利政策以照顧低收入、獨居老人為主外;我國自九十二年起將「老人住宅」納入公共政策並推動之,就是希望給高齡者退休後的活動居住空間更有尊嚴、更自主、更便利,應是高齡社會之安養趨勢。在這個不可避免的浪潮之下,無論是低收入戶、獨居老人、中產階級或是金字塔頂端的退休人員,皆須面老後安養的問題,因此,「高齡社區規劃」成為本論文的核心目標,並期望本文研究結果可以提供未來的研究更多的基礎資訊。

本研究以潛在住戶深度訪談與次級資料的文獻收集,針對影響高齡社區規劃及營運之因素進行研究分析,探索高齡社區規劃在環境變遷中所需考慮的關鍵因素。另外也參考國外書籍及相關研究對於成功的老齡化激發了一種強有力的新方法將改變我們作為個人、家庭成員和公民在平均預期壽命持續上升的社會中的老年規劃方式。

研究結論發現主要影響潛在住戶入住高齡社區的三個關鍵因素:取代家庭照顧資源不造成子女負擔, 不間斷的被動式收入, 及有可信賴並擁有卓越資產管理能力及高品質標準服務的營運者。根據研究訪談的結果發現,受訪者對於高齡社區的軟硬體需求,其實跟現有業者所提供的設施服務差異不大,但真正能讓受訪者安心入住反而在於如何幫他們解決上列三大訴求。故高齡社區規劃需以差異化的營運策略,與現有業者作出區隔,重新評估潛在用戶之關鍵需求,做出定位區隔,以發揮業者核心優勢,並提供政府相關施政單位及業者作為營運策略計劃之參考。

Taiwan's elderly population reached 1.48 million in September 1993, officially entering an aging society (the total number of elderly people accounted for more than 7.1% of the country's total population). As the post-war baby boomer population gradually entered the elderly, the dependency ratio would become a situation where every three working-age population had to support one elderly person. The continuous increase of the old-age support ratio shows that the economic and recuperation burdens brought by the working population in the elderly population will become heavier and heavier.

In recent years, Taiwan government has begun to take active measures to care for the elderly. The funds invested in welfare measures for the elderly have been increasing year by year. It is nothing more than hoping to reduce the impact of an aging society. In addition to the original welfare policy focusing on taking care of the low-income and single-living elderly; my country has incorporated "elderly housing" into public policy since 1992 and promoted it, hoping to give the elderly a more dignified living space for activities after retirement, more autonomy, and more convenience, should be the trend of well-being in the aging society. Under this inevitable wave, whether it is low-income households, the elderly living alone, the middle class or the retirees at the top of the pyramid, all must face the problem of recuperating after the old age. Therefore, "senior community planning" has become the core of this paper. It is expected that the results of this study can provide more basic information for future research.

This study uses in-depth interviews with potential residents and literature collection of secondary data to conduct research and analysis to examine those factors that affect the planning and operation of senior communities and explore the key factors that need to be considered in the planning of senior communities. The study concluded that the key factors for the potential residents to live in the elderly community are insufficient family support resources, income sources and the quality of the community operating team. On the contrary, there is not much difference in facilities software and hardware requirements. Therefore, the planning of the senior communities needs to use differentiated operation strategies from existing operators, reevaluate the key needs of potential users, and make positioning and segmentation to give full play to the core advantages of operators. It also provides relevant government units and operators as a reference for their operating strategic plans in the future.

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