摘要
當我們認為某事是幻想、奇想時，我們的思想中其實是假設了某一套常理、常規。幻想之所以奇異、令人驚訝，在於它和我們所認定的常規有所出入、稍帶異趣。一本幻想文學作品當中，也有著它自己所預設的常規；劇情遭遇之所以離奇，在於它易於常規。
從幻想與常規的角度來看路益師的星際三部曲可以幫助讀者把握路氏作品中的精髓。路益師畢生追求至極境界（the Ideal World/the Ideal又譯作理型）。在作品中，他也創造了理想國度，藉之捕捉至極境界的吉光片羽，以慰活在現實世界中人們乾渴的心靈。
在《走出失聲行星》，又譯作《來自寂靜的星球》中，路益師描繪了一個理想國：Malacandra（火星）。主角芮森在被綁架的情況下離開地球、來到火星，展開了一連串的冒險奇遇。當他離開熟悉的環境，暴露在一個嶄新的環境之中時，繼之而起的便是舊有、習以為常的觀念、想法，在新環境的價值觀對較之下，被顯明出來；並且新舊二者形成了一種並置與對照的情況，因而啟發他去思索、檢討舊有的、習以為常的所謂常規、常理，究竟是否合理。而令人驚奇、不可思議的奇想、新觀念，又是否一定不合乎理性？在此書中，路益師將地球（屬地）的價值觀當作一開始的常規，也就是芮森的預設立場，同時也是路益師集中火力攻擊的箭靶。地球（屬地）價值觀與火星（屬天）價值觀的區別可從三方面來看：中古與當代，火星與地球，基督教靈物論與唯物論的三大對比。這三方面也恰好呼應路益師論自己的三個面向：中古、文藝復興學者，幻想家，基督教作家（護教學者）。
《太白金星》、又譯作《培里蘭德拉》，改寫了伊甸園神話，二者最大的差別，除了金星上的始祖：綠姬與領主，最後沒有像夏娃、亞當一樣墮落之外，就是芮森的出現。伊甸園神話作為一個常規、本尊，《太白金星》作為幻想、變異，並且有一完全不同於伊甸園神話的結局，透過其間的差異：芮森，路益師更深入地描寫了潛藏於人心中的兩股力量：順服神與體貼自我的爭戰，也提出了因著基督的救恩，人有能力做出不同於以往的選擇。這也讓我們想到魔鬼的墮落是永無止盡的墮落，沒有得救的可能；但人的墮落，卻不一定是永恆無止盡的；藉著基督的救恩，神已經給了人再次選擇的機會。也是透過芮森的掙扎、順服、與惡魔爭戰的過程，路益師重新呈現基督受難，復活，帶給世人救恩的歷程。
《猙獰暴力》中最特殊的是它的平行線結構：平行線的敘事方式、對比的場景、人物、情節、甚至兩方陣營中的對比人物出場的次數，都達到均衡。整個結構不僅經過精密的計畫，平行線的結構更反映了兩個集團、兩股勢力對抗的意涵與「抉擇」這個概念的本質。面對兩套在形式上勢均力敵、然而核心思想上卻有著天壤之別的常規，認定其一為真，為可信賴遵循的常規，就等於宣告其二為謬誤的一方。面對抉擇的人，應當以什麼原則作為判斷的根據？或者，這樣的原則是否存在呢？路益師於此書中探討的議題，在《人的廢止》中有更明確的解析。
幻想與常規是一組不停變動著、相互激盪著、卻又難捨難分的概念。它們各自所佔據的領域是不固定的；人事時地物的變遷、心境、思考的轉變，均可使原先被認定是幻想的事物與想法，變成被視為理所當然的常規；或是使人們習以為常的常規成為不可思議的幻想。當我們以此概念去觀察幻想文學中的運作時，我們可以發現閱讀幻想文學時，驚奇感的來由（讀者接納作品中暗定、預設的常規，因此作者所設計的幻想可造成驚奇的效果）；以此概念去切入路益師的作品，我們可以發現此作品想要凸顯的事物及議題，也幫助我們看到書中價值觀轉換的一個過程。路益師本身及其文風皆長於思辯，幻想與常規本身其實也是一種辯證的關係。人們的思想中，有其認定為真理、常規的部分，然而他以為不可能的、不能接受的幻想，卻未必永遠停留在被排除的地位，因為人的想法是會改變的，被認定為幻想的也在不停地挑戰著常規，並且有可能被接納成為常規的一部份，而常規也有可能被推翻，變成奇想（奇怪的想法）。常規與幻想這個概念並非是用來判斷些什麼，乃是提供一個思考的方向。

Abstract
When we say that something is fantasy, we mean that it is different from the reality. More precisely, it is different from what we think of the reality or what we think that things should be like, which I call “norm.”
In a fantasy work, we can also find that the work itself suggests its own norm—its own version of what the reality is like, or of what things usually are. Fantastic ideas and fantastic events are fantastic because they are different from the norm.
Reading C. S. Lewis’s Cosmic Trilogy from the perspective of norm and fantasy helps readers to catch the essence of his works. Lewis aspires for the Idea and the Ideal World throughout his life. In his works, he also tries to establish ideal worlds which could shed the glory of the Ideal World.
In Out of the Silent Planet, he depicts a utopian: Malacandra. The hero, Ransom, was kidnapped by Weston and Devine and was forced to travel with them to Malacandra (Mars). As he left the earth, the familiar environment, and was exposed to new situations, new places, his values, his thoughts and what he had taken for granted formed a sharp contrast to Malacandrians’. Initially, Ransom thought that Malacandrians’ values and belief and fantastic. However, as he knew them more, he started to find that there was nothing wrong with them. It is the Humanity’s values and thoughts, which had gone wrong. Ransom had taken values of the human beings as norms. But he found now that Malacandrians’ values and belief were more desirable, more accurate, and more true.
In Perelandra, the norm can be the Fall story of Man, while the fantasy can be the story of “an averted fall.” On Perelandra, the new-born planet, the Green Lady, the King, and Ransom did not fall as Eve and Adam did on the earth. Through Ransom, Lewis explores men’s inner struggle between obeying God and following one’s own wishes.
That Hideous Strength deals with norms and choice. With a parallel narrative structure, it tells how a couple, Jane and Mark, each joined a team and started adventures. As Lewis says, we are not living in a world where every road finally meets at the same point, but “rather in a world where every road, after a few miles, forks into two, and each of those into two again” (The Great Divorce 10). Jane and Mark later on became important members in these two parties of opposite beliefs, values, and lifestyles. But one of them was living in happiness, enjoying warmth, friendship and rapport while the other was trying to survive in a world of hypocrisy, lies, threatening and violence. Such differences all result from their own choices—what each of them chose to be his/her norm.

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