本研究係以實驗法，探討在教育情境中，經由教育與
醫學之合作，實施感覺運動訓練方案，了解其對學習障礙
兒童之影響。受試選自台北市四所國小低年級，且在閱讀
、拼音、感覺動作能力方面具有顯著困難之學習障礙兒童
。其中實驗組37位，控制組35位，合計72位，平均年齡
7歲7個月。自變項係依感覺統合論、知覺動作論及視覺動
作論而設計之感覺運動訓練方案。依變項為感覺動作能力
、語文學習成就、人際關係。實驗組受試每日早上進行一
小時之感覺運動訓練，兩組受試並於每週一、四、五下午
同時進行語文科補救教學。
主要研究發現如下：
一、在感覺動作能力方面
1.本方案並未明顯改善受試之感覺動作能力。
2.閱讀動眼生理表現，實驗組較控制組有明顯改善。受
試從前測到中測有明顯進步，中測到後測則進步趨緩
，動眼生理改善可能有其極限存在。

3.本方案顯著增進受試視覺動作統整能力。
4.感覺動作能力與閱讀動眼能力間並無明顯顯著相關存
在。
二、在語文學習表現方面
1.本方案顯著增進受試注音符號認讀與聽寫之表現。
2.本方案顯著增進受試國語文能力方面之表現。
3.本方案顯著增進受試國語科成就測驗之表現。
三、在人際互動方面
1.本方案對受試在社交計量中的班級地位指數有明顯提
昇作用。
2.本方案對班級排名指數無明顯改善效果。
3.實驗後，實驗組中人際關係獲得改善的受試人數明顯
較控制組增加。
四、普通班教師與家長對受試表現之檢核
1.在「認識你的學生」問卷中，教師均未認為受試者
行為有明顯變化。
2.在「兒童活動量表」中，也無法證實本方案改善了受
試的行為；但從質的評述中，實驗組家長肯定子女學
習與行為有所進展。
歸納言之，本方案對語文學習障礙兒童語文學習及人
際關係有明顯促進效果；對感覺動作能力僅有部份

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Sensorimotor Training Program(SMTP) on
sensorimotor ability, language academic attainment, and interpersonal relationship of children with learning disabilities. Subjects were 72 frist and second grades children with learning disabilities
in readingand writing. They were derived from resource classrooms of primary schools in Teipei
City. Among them, 37 subjects served as the experimental group, while the other 35 subjects served as the control group. Experimental group participated in the SMTP for eight months, which consisted of eight activities implemented in every morning, while the control group did not. However both groups took part a supplementary teaching in reading in theat
afternoon on Monday, Thursday and Friday. Obtained
data were analyzed by a two-way mixed design ANOVA.
The main findings of this study were as follows:
1.The SMTP had a positive effect on eye movement and
visual-motor integration , but no effect on
sensorimotor ability .
2.There was no significant correlation between
eye movement and sensorimotor ability.
3.The SMTP had a positive effect on academic

achievement of reading and written language.
4.The SMTP had a positive effect on interpersonal
relationship .
Based on the experimental results and observations, implications of SMTP for children with language learning disabilities were discussed. Finally, suggestions were made for special education and future studies.

沈晟、宋維村、徐澄清、鄭琿（民73）：注意力不足過動
症候群：中文版「父母用兒童活動量表」之效度研究
。中華民國神經精神醫學會會刊，十卷，二期，頁49
-55。
吳武典、張正芬（民73）：國語文能力測驗。師大特教中
心。
周台傑（民81）：特殊兒童診斷手冊。彰化師大特教中心
林美和（民67）：學習缺陷兒童的心理與教育，省立台北
師專。
林素貞（民84）：回顧與展望--學習障礙。特殊教育季刊
，54期，24-25頁。
洪儷瑜（民84）：學習障礙教育。台北：心理出版社。
涂春仁（民79）：電腦社交測量程式（永吉1.4版）。 自
行出版。
高純華（民83）：以感覺統合訓練為主的適性教學--任教
啟智班九年的教學經驗。特殊教育季刊，52期，26-
28頁。
徐澄清、林家青、郭秀玲（民71）：兒童活動量表的初步
研究。科學發展月刊，十期，頁363-381。
高麗芷（民73）：精神分裂者前庭及本體感覺整合之研究
。職能治療學會雜誌，二卷，頁19-26。
高麗芷、江麗珍（民79）：應用行為改變技術於感覺統合
失調兒童的治療。職能治療學會雜誌，八卷，頁61-
68。
高麗芷、鄭信雄、陳美津、褚增輝、鄭南鵬（民84）：情
緒及特殊學習障礙兒童之腦功能初步研究。職能治療
學會雜誌，三卷，頁27-33。
許天威（民75）：學習障礙者之教育。台北市：五南。
許天威（民76）：麥氏學習障礙評定量表。彰化：國立教
育學院特殊教育研究所。
許天威、夏瑞璘（民84）：中美兩國有關學習障礙之研究
的發展脈絡。載於教學與研究：中華民國特殊教育學
會八十四年年會專輯。
許澤銘、吳純純、李月卿、黃美芬（民77）：感覺統合訓
練。台北市立師範學院。
教育部第二次特殊兒童普查工作執小組（民80）：全國第
二次特殊兒童普查工作初查手冊。台北市：第二次特
殊兒童普查工作執小組。
教育部（民81）：語言障礙、身體病弱、性格異常、行為
異常、學習障礙暨多重障礙學生鑑定標準及就學輔導
原則要點。台北市：教育部。
張英鵬（民81）：學習障礙兒童實施感覺統合治療成效之
爭議。特殊教育季刊，45期，頁33-37。
張雅慧、楊國德、廖琇蘭（民72）：前庭刺激對腦性麻痺
患者之影響。職能治療學會雜誌，一卷，頁40-43。
陳榮華（民75）：行為改變技術。台北：五南出版社。
曾世杰（民84）：談感覺統合：一點不同的聲音。特殊教
育季刊，55期，10-12頁。
楊坤堂（民81）：學習障礙兒童的診斷與教學(三)。研習
資訊，九卷，一期，頁10-13。
蔡良明、黃明達（民84）：感覺統合實用手冊。皮亞傑發
展中心。
鄭信雄（民77）：如何幫助學習困難的孩子。台北市：遠
流。
鄭信雄（民79）：突破孩童學習障礙－暴躁、好動不安兒
童的感覺統合訓練治療實務。遠流出版社
鄭信雄（民85）：閱讀動眼生理檢查表。台北：未出版。
鄭信雄、李月卿、周秀美、蔡政楒（民74）：感覺統合密
集治療效果評估。載於展望新世紀的特殊教育，527-
539頁。 台北市：中華民國特殊教育學會。
鄭信雄、李月卿、蔡政楒（民74）：學習困難兒童閱讀（
視標）眼追蹤初報。中華民國神經精神科醫學會第十
二屆第二次年會暨學術研討會論文摘要。
鄭信雄、李月卿、吳美滿（民76）：拒絕上學和學校恐懼
症的生理基礎--腦神經生理上感覺統合失常。中華心
理衛生學刊，三卷，二期，63-70頁。
鄭信雄、葉莉薇、張月英、曾慶方、楊振美、張玨（民79
）：兒童感覺統合失常盛行率與學業欠佳和情緒困擾
的相關研究。載於聽覺障礙者之教育與福祉，599-
621 頁。台北市：中華民國特殊教育學會。
鄭信雄、李月卿（民80）：兒童感覺發展檢核表實施手冊
。台北市立師院特教中心。
鄭信雄、曾慶方、葉莉薇、張月英、蔡美玲、周麗珠、李
麗芳、張玨（民84）：情緒困擾兒童感覺統合訓練效
果評估。載於特殊教育學會84年年會專輯。台北市：
中華民國特殊教育學會。
劉鴻香（民80）：拜瑞視覺動作統整發展測驗修訂報告。
台北師院學報，第四期，頁487-526。
盧欽銘、黃堅原、路君均、林清山、簡茂發、吳武典、吳
鐵雄（民77）：考夫曼兒童智力測驗修訂報告。教育
心理學報 121期，1-16頁。
羅鈞令（民73）：感覺整合理論及應用。職能治療學會雜
誌，二卷，頁43-48。
羅鈞令（民78）：感覺整合功能發展異常孩童之評估與治
療。職能治療學會雜誌，七卷，頁9-17。
羅鈞令、賴金鑫、連倚南（民81）：學習障礙兒童感覺整
合治療效果之追蹤研究。職能治療學會雜誌，十卷
，頁19-32。
羅鈞令、楊國德、何自欣、連倚南（民84）：學習障礙兒
童的感覺整合治療。職能治療學會雜誌，三卷，頁34
-42。
蘇月英、張貴美、洪小惠（民79）：感覺統合訓練器材使
用手冊。台北市政府教育局。
Adelman, H.,& Taylor,L.(1991). Issues and problems
related to the assessment of learning
disabilities. In H.L. Swanson(Ed.), Handbook on
the assessment of learning disabilities: Theory
, research, and practic, pp.21-44. Austin, TX:
PROED.
Arendt, R.E., MacLean, W.E., & Banmeister, A.A.(
1988). Critique of Sensory Integration Therapy
and Its Application in Mental Retardation.
American Journal on Mental Retardation, 92(5),
401-411。
Axline V.M.(1969). Play Therapy. New York:
Ballantine Books.
Ayres, A.J.(1972a). Sensory Integration and
Learning Disorders.Los Angeles:Western
Psychological Services.
Ayres, A.J.(1972b). Southern California Sensory
Integration Test. Los Angeles:Western
Psychological Services.
Ayres, A.J.(1977). Effect of sensory integrative
therapy on the co-ordination of children with
choreoathoid movements. The American Journal
of Occupational Therapy, 31, 291-293.
Ayres, A.J.(1978). Learning disabilities and the
vestibular system. Journal of Learning
Disabilities, 11, 18-29.
Ayres, A.J.(1979). Sensory integration and the
child. Los Angeles, CA:Western Psychological
Services.
Ayres, A.J., & Tickle, L.(1980).Hyper-responsivity
to touch and vestibular stimuli as a predictor
of positive response to sensory integration
procedures by autistic children.American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34, 375-381.
Ayres, A.J., & Mailloux,Z.(1981). Influence of
sensory integration procedures on language
development. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 35, 383-390.
Bailey, D.(1978). The effects of vestibular
stimulation on verbalization in chronic
schizophrenics. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 33, 445-450.
Bannatyne, A.(1971).Language, reading and learning
disabilities. Springfield, IL: Charles C
Thomas.
Barsch, R.(1967). Achieving perceptual-motor
efficiency: A space-oriented approach to
learning. Seattle: Special Child Publications.
Bates, E., Camaioni,L.,& Volterra, V.(1975). The
acquisition of performatives prior to speech.
Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21, 205-226.
Bender, Loretta.(1957). "Specific Reading
Disability as a Maturational Lag." Bulletin of
the Orton Society, 7, 9-18.
Bender, W.N.(1995). Learning Disabilities, Allyn
Bacon Company.
Bilto, E.A.(1971). Comparative study to certain
physical abilities of children with speech
defects and children with normal speech.
Journal of Speech Disorders, 18, 214-218.
Black, J.L., Collin, D.W.K., De Roach, J.N., &
Zubrick, S.R.(1984a). Smooth pursuit eye
movement in the normal and dyslexic children.
Black, J.L., Collin, D.W.K., De Roach, J.N., &
Zubrick, S. R.(1984b). A detail study of
sequential saccadic eye movement for normal
and poor-reading children. Perceptural and
Motor Skill.59, 423-434.
Bochner, S.(1980). Sensory integration therapy
and learning disabilities: A critique.
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 2,
125-138.
Bright, T.K., Bittick, K., & Fleeman, B.(1981).
Reduction of self-injurious behavior using
sensory integrative techniques. American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35,167-172.
Brody, J.F., Thomas, J.A., Brody, D.M.,& Kucherawy
,D.A.(1977). Comparison of sensory integrative
and operant methods for production of
vocalization in profoundly retarded adults.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44, 1283-1296.
Bruner, J.S.(1964). The course of cognitive
growth. American Psychologist, 19, 1-15.
Bryan, T.H., & Bryan, J.H.(1986). Understanding
learning disabilities(3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA:
Mayfield.
Bullock, M.J., & Watter, P.(1978). A study in the
effectiveness of physiotherapy in the
management of young children with minimal
cerebral dysfunction. Australian Journal of
Physiotherapy, 24, 111-119.
Carey, W.B., McDevitt, S.C., & Baker, D.(1979).
Differentiating Minimal Brain damage and
temperament.Developmental Medicine & Child
neurology.21(6),765-772.
Carte, E., Morrison, D., Sublett,J., Uemura, A., &
Setrakian, W.(1984).Sensory integrationtherapy
: atrial of a specific neurodevelopmental
therapy for the remediation of learning
disabilities. Journal of Development Behavior
Pediatre, 5, 189-194.
Cermak, S.A.,& Ayres, A.J.(1984).Crossing the body
midline in learning disabled and normal
children. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 38(1), 35-40.
Cermak, S.A. & Handerson, A.(1985). Learning
disabilities. In Humphred, D.A., Neurological
Rehabilitation (pp.207-249). St.Louis: C.V.
Mosby.
Cermak, S.A., Ward, E.A., & Ward, L.M.(1986). The
relationship detween articulation disorders
and motor coordination in children. American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 40(8), 546-
550.
Clark, F.A., & Shuer, J.(1978). A clarification of
sensory integrative therapy and its application
to programming with retarded people. Mental
Retardation, 16, 227-232.
Clark, F.A., Miller, L.R., Thomas, J.A., Kucherawy
, D.A., & Azen, S.P.(1978). A comparison of
operant and sensory integrative methods on
developmental parameters in profoundly retarded
adults. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 32, 86-92.
Clark, F., Maillox, Z.,& Parham, D.(1989). Sensory
intehration and children with learning
disabilities. In P.N.Pratt & A.S.Allen(Eds.),
Occupational therapy for children(2nd ed., pp.
457-509). St. Louis: C.V.Mosby.
Cleland,C.C.,& Swartz, J.D.(1982). Exceptionalities
through the lifespan. New York: Macmillan.
Clements, S.D.(1969). Minimal brain dysfunction in
children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Walfare.
Cohen, H.(1989). Testing vestibular function:
Problems with the Southern California
Postrotary Nystagmus Test. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 43, 475-477.
Connolly, B.H.(1983). Learning disabilities. In S.
K.Campbell, Pediatric neurologic physical
therapy (pp.317-357). New York: Churchill
Livingstone.
Cornish, S.V.(1980). Development of a test of
moter-planning ability. Physical therapy, 60(9
), 1129-1132.
Cratty, B.J., & Marlin, M.(1969).Perceptual-motor
efficacy in children. Philadelphia: Lead
Febiger.
Culp, R., Packard, V., & Humphrey, R.(1980).
Sensorimotor versus cognitive percptual
training effects on the body concept of
preschoolers. The American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 34, 259-262.
Cummins, R.A.(1991). Sensory integration and
learning disabilities: Ayres' factor analyses
reappraised. Journal of Learning Disabilities,
24, 160-168.
Densem, J.F.(1985). An evaluation of the Chirst-
church Hospital's occupational therapy program
for children with perceptual-motor defects. US
published master's thesis, University of
Cantbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
De Pauw, K.P.(1978). Enhancing the sensory in
tegration of aphasic students. Journal of
Learning Disabilities, 11, 142-146.
Deshler, D., Lowrey, N., & Alley, G.(1979).
Programming alternatives for learning disabled
adolescents: A nationwide survey. Academic
Therapy, 14, 389-397.
Deshler, D.D., & Schamaker,J.B.(1983). Social
skills of learning disabled adolescents: A
review of characteristics and interventions.
Topics in Learning and Learning disabilities,
17, 170-179.
DeQuiros, J.(1976). Diagnosis of vestibular
disorders in the learning disabled. Journal of
Learning Disabilities. 9, 50-58.
DeQuiros,J.B., & Schrager, O.L.(1979).
Neuropsychological Fundamentals in Learning
Disabilities (rev. ed.). Novato, California:
Academic Therapy Publications.
Doman, R., Spitz, E., Zucman, E., Delacato, C., &
Doman, G.(1960). Children with severe brain
injuries: Neurological organizations in terms
mobility. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 174, 257-262.
Dunst, C.J.(1979)."Cognitive-Social Aspects of
Communicative Exchanges Between Mothers and
Their Down's Syndrome Infants and Mothers and
Their Non-Retarded Infant". Nashvill, Tenn.
Edmonds, M.(1976). New directions in theories of
language acquistion. Harvard Educational Review
. 46, 175-198.
Fernald, G.(1943). Remedial techniques in basic
school subjects. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fisher, A.G., Murray, E.A., & Bundy, A.C.(1991).
Sensory Integration-Theory and practice, F.A.
David Company.
Forness, S.R., & Kavale, K.(1991). Social skills
deficit as primary Learning disabilities: A
note on problems with ICLD diagnostic criteria
. Learning Disabilities, Research and Practice
, 6, 44-49.
Frostig, M.(1967). Education of children with
learning disabilities. In E.C. Prierson & W.
Barbe(Eds.) Educating children with learning
disabilities. New York:Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Frostig, M. & Horne, D.(1973). The Frostig program
for the development of visual perception.
Chicago: Follett Publishing Co.
Getman, G.(1965). The visuomotor complex in the
acquisition of learning skills. In J. Hellmuth
(ed.), Learning Disorders: Vol.1, Seattle
Special Child Publications.
Getman, G., Kane, E., Halgren, C., & McKeen, G.(
1968). Developing learning readiness.
Manchester, MO: McGraw-Hill.
Goodman, L., & Hammill, D.(1973). The effectivness
of the Kephart-Getman activities in developing
perceptual-motor and cognitive skills. Focus
on Execptional Children, 4, 1-9.
Green, C., Hope, M., Oates, R.K., Parry, T., &
Procopis, P.(1982). Report to the Australian
College of Paediatrics on Sensory Interactive
Therapy.
Hallahan, D.P., & Cruickshank, W.M.(1973).
Psychoeducational foundations of learning
disabilities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-
Hall.
Halpern, A., & Benz, M.(1987). A statewide
examination of secondary special education for
students with mild disabilities. Implications
for the high school curriculum. Exceptional
Children, 54, 122-129.
Hammill, D.D., Leigh, J.E., McNutt, G., & Larsen,
S.C.(1981). A new definition of learning
disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly,
4(4), 336-342.
Hammill, D.D.(1992). A timely definition of
learning disabilities.載於國立彰化師範大學主辦
: 國際特殊兒童評量研討論文集(1-17 頁).
Haring, T., & Kennedy, C.(1992). Behavior analytic
foundations of classroom management. In W.
Stainback & S. Stainback (Eds.), Controversial
issues confronting special education(pp.201-213
). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Hoehn, T.P., & Banmeister, A.A.(1994). A Critique
of the Application of Sensory Integration
Therapy to Children with Learning Disabilities
. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(6),
338-350.
Humphries, T., Wright, M., McDoudall, B., & Vertes
,J.(1990). The efficacy of sensory integration
therapy for children with learning disability.
Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics,
10(3), 1-17.
Humphries, T., Wright, M., Snider, L., & McDoudall,
B.(1992). A comparison of the effectiveness of
sensory integrative therapy and perceptual-
motor training in treating children with
learning disabilities. Journal of Development
and Behavioral Pediatrics, 13, 31-40.
Ivan, L.B., & Nirbhay.(Eds.).(1992). Learning
Disabilities Nature, Theory, and Treatment.
Springer-Verlag.
Jackson, H.(1931). Selected writings of John
Hughlings Jackson(Vols. 2). London: Hoder &
Stoughton.
Jenkins, J.R., Fewell, R., & Harris, S.R.(1983).
Comparison of sensory integrative therapy and
motor programming. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 88, 221-224.
Jenkins, J., & Sells, C.(1984). Physical and
occupational therapy: Effects related to
treatment frequency and motor delay. Journal of
Learning Disabilities, 17, 89-95.
Johnson, D.(1987). Specific developmental
disabilities of reading, writing, and
mathematics. In Interagency Commitee on
Learning Disabilities (Ed.) Learning
Disabilities: A report to the U.S.Congress(pp.
138-157). Washington DC: Government Printing
Office.
Johnson, D.J., & Myklebust, H.R.(1967). Learning
Disabilities: Educational Principals and
Practices. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Johnson, D.J., & Blalock, J.W.(1987). Adults with
learning disabilities. Orlando: Grune and
Stratton, Inc.
Kahn, J.(1975). Relationship of Piaget's
sensorimotor period to language acquistion of
profoundly retarded children. American Journal
of Mental Deficiency, 79.
Kantner, R., Clark, D., Allen, L., & Chase, M.
(1976).Effects of vestibular stimulation on
nystagmus response and motor performance in
the developmentally delayed infant. Physical
Therapy, 56, 414-421.
Kaufman, A.S., & Kaufman, N.L.(1983). Kaufman
Assessment Battery for Children Interpretative
Mannal. American Guidance Service, Inc.
Kendrick, K.A., & Hanten, W.P.(1980).
Differentiation of learning disabled children
from normal children using four coordination
tasks.Physical therapy, 60 (6),784-789.
Kephart, N.C.(1960). The slow learner in the
classroom. Columbus: OH: Merrill.
Kephart, N.C.(1971). The slow learner in the
classroom(2nd ed.). Columbus: Charles E.
Merrill Publishing Company.
King-Thomas L, Hacker B.J.(1987). A Therapist's
Guide to Pediatric Assessment. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company.
Kirk, S.A.(1987). The learning disabled preschool
child. Teaching Exceptional Children, 19(2),
78-80.
Kirk, S.A., & McCarthy, J.J.(1961). The Illinois
test of psycholinguistic abilities. American
Journal of Mental Deficiency, 66,391-412.
Kirk, S., & Chalfant, J.(1984). Developmental and
academic learning disabilities. Denver: Love
Publishing Co.
Kirk, S.A., Gallagher, J.J., & Anastasiow, N.J.(
1993). Educating exceptional children(7th ed.)
. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffin.
Lemke, H.(1974). Self-abusive behavior in thr
mentally retarded. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 28, 94-98.
Lerner, J.W.(1989). Learning Disability: Theories,
diagnosis, and teaching strategies(5th ed.).
Boston, MA: Houghton Miffin.
Lerner, J.W.(1993). Learning disabilities: Theories,
diagnosis, and teaching strategies(7th ed.).
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Levine,S.(1960).Stimulation in infancy. Scientific
American, 202,80-86.
Licht, B.G.(1984). Cognitive-motivational factors
that contribute to the achievement of learning
disabled children. Annual Review of learning
Disabilities, 2, 119-126.
Lubar, J.F., Bianchini, B.A., Calhoun, W.H.,
Lambert, E.W., Brody, Z.H.,& Shabsin, H.S.(
1985). Spectral analysis of EEG differences
between children with and without learning
disabilities. Journal of Learning disabilities
, 18(7), 403-410.
Magrun, W.M., McCue, S., Ottenbacher, K., & Keejin
R.(1981). Effects of vestibular stimulation on
spontaneous use of verbal language in
developmentally delayed children. The American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35, 101-104.
Magrun, W., Ottenbacher, K., McCue, S., & Keefe, R
.(1981). Effect of vestibular stimulation on
spontaneous use of verbal language in
developmentally delayed children. American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35, 101-104.
Mercer, C.D.(1987). Students with learning
disabilities(3rd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Montgomery, P., & Richter, E.(1977). Effect of
sensory integrative therapy on the neuromotor
development of retarded children. Physical
Therapy, 57, 799-806.
Montgomery P., & Richter E.(1980). Sensorimotor
Integration for Developmentally Disabled
Children: A Handbook. Los Angeles: Western
Psychological Services.
Morrison, D., & Pothier, P.(1972). Two different
remedial motor training programs and the
development of mentally retarded preschoolers.
American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 77,
251-258.
Morrison, D., & Pothier, P.(1978). Effects of
sensory-motor training on the language
development of retarded preschoolers. American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48, 310-319.
Morrison, D., & Sublett, J.(1986). The effects of
sensory integration therapy on nystagmus
duration, equilibrium reactions and visual-motor
integration in reading retarded children. Child:
Care, Health and Development, 12, 99-11.
Myers, P.I., & Hammill, D.D.(1969). Methods for
learning disorders. New York: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Myers, P.I., & Hammill, D.D.(1982). Methods for
learning disorders. New York: John Wiley.
Norton, Y.(1975). Neurodevelopment and sensory
integration for the profoundly retarded
multiply handicapped child. American Journal
of Occupational Therapy, 29, 64-71.
Obrzut, J.E., & Boliek, C.A. (1986).Lateralization
characteristics in learning disabled children.
Ottenbacher, K.(1978). Idenifying vestibular
processing dysfunction in learning disabled
children. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 32, 217-221.
Ottenbacher, K., Watson, P., & Short, M.(1979).
Association between nystagmus
hyporesponsitivity and behavioral problems in
learning disabled children. American Journal
of Occupational Therapy, 33, 317-323.
Ottenbacher, K., Watson, P., Short, M., & Biderman
,M.(1979). Nystagmus and ocular fixation
difficulties in learning disabled children.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 33,
717-721.
Ottenbacher, K.(1980). Excessive postrotary
nystagmus duration in learning disabled
children. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 34, 40-44.
Ottenbacher, K.(1982a). Patterns of postrotary
nystagmus in three learning disabled children.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36,
657-663.
Ottenbacher,K.(1982b). Sensory integration therapy
: affect or effect. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 36(9),571-586.
Ottenbacher, K.J., & Petersen, P.(1983). The
efficacy of vestibular stimulation as a form
of specific sensory enrichment. Clinical
Pediatrics, 23, 428-433.
Ottenbacher, K., & Short, M.(1985). Sensory
integrative dysfunction in children: a review
of theory and treatment. Advances in
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 6,
287-329.
Pavidis G.(1981). Do eye movement hold the key to
Dyslexia? Neuropsychologia, 19, 57-64.
Petri, J., & Anderson, M.(1980). Eye and head
movements in reading-disabled and normal
children. American Journal of Occupational
Therapy, 34, 801-808.
Piaget, J.(1952). The Origins of Intelligence in
Children. New York:International Universities
Press.
Piper, A.(1963). Cerebral functions in infancy and
childhood. In J. Wortis., B. Nagler & H. Nagler(
Eds.), International Behavioral Science Series.
New. York: Consultant Burear.
Polatajko, H.J.(1983). The Southern California
Postrotary Nystagmus Test: A validity study.
Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50,
119-123.
Polatajko, H.J.(1985). A critical look at
vestibular dysfunction in learning-disabled
children. Developmental Medicine & Child
Neurology, 27, 283-292.
Polatajko, J.J., Law, M.C., Miller, J.A., Schaffer
, R.H., & MacNab, J.J.(1988). Clinical
effectiveness of S.I.: a randomized clinical
trial. Proceedings 57th Annual C.A. O.T.
Conference.
Polatajko, H.J., Law, M., Miller, J., Schaffer, R.
, & Macnab , J.(1991). The effect of a sensory
integration program on academic achievement,
motor performance, and self-esteem in children
identified as learning disabled: Results of a
clinical trial. Occupational Therapy, Journal
of Research, 11, 155-176.
Polloway, E.A., Payne, J.S., Patton, J.R., & Payne
, R.A.(1985). Strategies for teaching retarded
and special needs learners(3rd ed.).
Rappaport, S.(1975). Ego development in learning
disabled children. In W.M.Cruickshark & D.P.
Hallahan(Eds.), Perceptual and Learning
disabilities in children: Vol.1.
Pschoeducational practices(pp. 355-376).
Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Rodgon, M.(1976). Single-Word Usage, Cognitive
Development and the Beginnings of Combinatorial
Speech. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Salvia, J., & Larsen, J.E.（1978）. Assessment in
special and remedial education. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin.
Sandler, A., & Coren, A.(1980). Relative
effectiveness of sensory integrative therapy
and overcorrection in the treatment of
stereotyped behavior: An exploratory study.
Training Quarterly on Development Disabilities
, 1, 17-24.
Schlager, G., Newman, D.E., Dunn, H.G., Crichton,
J.U., & Schulzer, M.(1979). Developmental
Medicine & Child Neurology, 21(1), 41-51.
Schroeder, R.(1982). Improvement in academic
achievement through enhancement of perceptual
and sensory integrative functiobing. School
Psychology International, 3, 97-104.
Shaywitz, S., & Shaywitz, B.(1988). Attention-
deficit disorder: Current Perspectives. In J.
Kavanagh & J. Truss(Eds.), Learning
disabilities: Proceedings of the National
Conference(pp.369-567). Parkton. M.D.: York
Press.
Sieben,R.L.(1977).Controversial medical treatments
of learning disabilities. Academic Therapy, 13
, 133-147.
Silver, L.B.(1988). A review of the federal
government's Interagency Committee on Learning
Disabilities report to Congress. Learning
Disabilities Focus, 3, 73-80.
Smith, R.D. (1981). Abnormal head circumference in
learning disabled children. Developmental
Medicine & Child Neurology, 23(5), 626-632.
Smith, C.(1991). Learning disabilities: The
interaction of learner, task, and setting.
Boston: Little, Brown.
Snyder, L.(1971). Language impairment in children
with perceptual motor dysfunction. American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25, 105-108.
Steinberg, M., & Rendle-Short, J.(1977).Vestibular
dysfunction in young children with minor
neurologic impairment.Developmental Medicine
& Child Neurology, 19(5), 639-651.
Stillwell, J., Browe, T., & Mccallum, L. (1978).
Postrotary nystagmus duration as a function of
communication disorders. American Journal of
Occupational therapy, 32, 222-228.
Stilwell, J.M. (1981). Relationship between
development of the body-righting reaction and
manual midline crossing behavior in the
learning disabled.American Journal of
Occupational Therapy,35(6),391-396.
Stilwell, J.M., & Heiniger, M.C. (1983). Tilt
reactions in sitting in normal and learning
disabled children. Physical and Occupational
Therapy in Pediatrics, 3(4), 43-59.
US. Department of Education(1992). To Assure The
Free Appropriate public Education of All
Children with Disabilities.
Vellutino, F.R., Bentley, W.L., & Phillils, F.
(1978). Inter-versus intra-hemispheric
learning in dyslexic and normal readers.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 20(1
), 71-80.
Vogel, S.A.(1990). The college student with a
learning disability: A Handbook for college LD
students, admissions officers, faculty, and
administration(3rd ed.). Available from LDA,
4156 Library Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15234.
Wallace, G., & Larsen, S.C.（1981）. Educational
assessment of learning problems：testing for
teaching. Boston：Allyn & Baconm.
Webb, R.(1969). Sensory-motor training of the
profoundly retarded.American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 74, 283-295.
Wells, M.E., & Smith, D.W.(1983).Reduction of self
-injurious behavior of mentally retarded
persons using sensory-integrative techniques.
American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 87, 664
-666.
Wepman,J.(1967). The perceptual basis for learning
.In E.C.Frierson & W.B.Barbe (Eds.), Educating
children with learning disabilities. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts.
White,M.(1979). A first grade intervention program
for children at risk for reading failure.
Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12, 231-237.
Wilson, B.N., Kaplan, B.J., Fellowes, S., Gruchy,
C., & Faris, P.(1992). The efficacy of sensory
integration treatment compared to tutoring.
Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics,
12(1), 1-36.
Zachry, W.(1979). The relation of language
development to sensorimotor level in second
year infants. Child Development.
Zecker, S.(1989). Brain and cognition. Evanston:
North-western University.
Ziviani, J., Poulsen, A., & O'Brien, P.(1982).
Effect of a sensory integrative/
neurodevelopmental programme on motor and
academic performance of children with learning
disabilities. Australian Occupational Therapy
Journal, 29, 27-33.