研究生: |
楊謦綾 Yang, Ching-Ling |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
德國對外文化政策與臺灣之實踐-以台北歌德學院為例 German Foreign Cultural Policy and its Practices in Taiwan - take Goethe Institut Taipei as the example |
指導教授: |
劉以德
Liu, Yi-De |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
歐洲文化與觀光研究所 Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism |
論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 104 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 134 |
中文關鍵詞: | 對外文化政策 、文化外交 、歌德學院 、DAAD 、德國之聲 |
英文關鍵詞: | German Foreign Cultural Policy, Auswärtige Kulturpolitik, Cultural Diplomacy, Goethe Institut, DAAD, Deutsche Welle |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204970 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:165 下載:51 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
德國立足於今日國際社會,無論是其經濟實力或文化內涵皆給人強烈正面印象,可謂「超級品牌國家」(Megabrand Country),在各種柔性權力指標排行總是名列前茅。但此形象的積累,並非一蹴可幾,而是透過聯邦政府及國民努力長期耕耘戰後轉型而致。本文將討論二次大戰之後,德國聯邦政府如何將背負國際社會輿論壓力、民生不振的國家形象,透過對外文化政策,透過一連串的人員互訪交換計畫、德語推廣、德國文化交流等,致力於他國人民對德國之了解與認同,用以形塑國際社會對德國之正面觀感與形象,進而營造有利德國聯邦政府之決策環境。
本文將先整爬梳德國對外文化政策之發展脈絡及趨勢、其發展的內涵與架構,在文中歸納德國對外文化政策特色與海外之實踐模式,並了解政策目的、預期成效等。最後將重點置於德國聯邦政府基於對外文化政策下於臺灣相關文化組織網絡,將透過訪談德國最重要的對外文化政策中介機構:歌德學院,檢視在臺灣推動德國對外文化政策之預期目標、成效與未來展望,分析德國對外文化政策在臺灣的實踐與成效。
Foreign cultural policy (Auswärtige Kulturpolitk) is seemed to be”the third pillar” of German foreign policy. After WWII, Germany was separated into two parts and occupied by the allied forces. The goal of German foreign cultural policy at that time was to reconnect with the western countries and rebuild the broken reputation at the international stage. With the effective governmental system, rapidly growing economy and well-arranged domestic policies, Germany got recovery from the illness the wars brought within few decades.
Since 1970s, the role of Germany at the international stage has indeed transformed into the leading country of the whole world. On account of the new role of Germany, the brand-new goals of its foreign cultural policy were also set. The new goals now focus on: keeping peace, preventing conflicts, enhancing human rights, pushing international cooperation and maintaining partnership between different countries. German government believes that through foreign cultural policy can achieve in the above goals. Goethe Institute, as the most important overseas cultural organization, taking the responsibilities to spread German and German culture through the different cultural program arrangements in other countries. Until today, Goethe Institute is seemed to be one of the most successful overseas cultural institution all over the world.
In this dissertation, the author will examine the background, the framework and the executive structure of German foreign cultural policy. Except that, the author will also collect the first-hand information about the practices of Goethe Institute in Taiwan by interviewing the key figures of Goethe Institute as the main contribution of the paper.
中文文獻
王名、李勇、黃浩明,(2006),德國非營利組織,清華大學出版社有限公司
林泰和,(2013),德國公共外交的實踐:歌德學院與德國之音,歐洲國際評論,
(9), 1-37.
林驤華譯(1995),《極權主義的起源》。臺北市:時報出版。(原書Arendt,
Hannah. [1951]. The origin of totalitarianism. New York, NY: Harcount, Brace and
Company.)
吳振逢(2014),《德國外交政策與柔性權力的運用》,國會月刊,42卷11期41-67
吳家恆、方祖芳譯(2006),《柔性權力》。臺北市:遠流出版。(原書Joseph S. Nye,
Jr. [2004]. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York,
NY: Pulic Affairs).
袁方編(2002),《社會研究方法》,臺北市:五南出版。
陳曉宜(2005),《報社記者抵抗資源之研究》,國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專
班學位論文:台北。
黃智欽(2012),《西德總理艾德諾重建外交體系之研究》,國立政治大學國際事務
學院戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班碩士學位論文:台北。
葉陽明(2009),德國政治文化之發展,五南出版:台北。
廖揆祥(2008),《德國綠黨的發展與演變》,偉博文化國際出版有限公司:台北。
蔡函君(2012),《英國文化外交政策之研究-以文化創意產業為例》,南華大學歐洲
研究所碩士論文
邢悅(2011),《文化如何影響對外政策:以美國為個案的研究》,北京大學出版社:
北京
藝衡(2009),《文化主權與國家文化軟實力》北京:社會科學文獻出版社
嚴淳甄(2007),《德國柔性權力之施展》,淡江大學歐盟研究所碩士論文
外語文獻
Auer, C., & Srugies, A. (2013). Public diplomacy in Germany. CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy, paper, 5.
Auswärtiges Amt. (1970.) „Leitsätze für die auswärtige Kulturpolitik“
Auswärtiges Amt. (2000.) „Konzeption 2000.“
Auswärtiges Amt. (2011.) „Auswärtige Kultur- und Bildungspolitik in Zeiten der
Globalisierung: Partner gewinnen, Werte vermitteln, Interessen vertreten.“
Arndt, R. T. (2005). The first resort of kings: American cultural diplomacy in the
twentieth century. Potomac Books, Inc..
Aoki-Okabe, M., Kawamura, Y., Makita, T., 川村陶子, & 牧田東一. (2006). The
study of international cultural relations of postwar Japan.
Arndt, R. (2000). “Cultural Diplomacy and the Public Agenda.” Unpublished
paper on file at the Center for Arts and Culture, Washington, D. C.
Bismarck, K. (1982). Das Protokoll der Präsidiumssitzung (Sondersitzung) vom 20.
12. 1982, S.14, in:BA, B307, Nr.452.
Blumenreich, U. (2013). Country Profile: Germany. Compendium Cultural Policies
and Trends in Europe.
Bundesregierung. (1977). Stellungnahme der Bundesregierung zum Bericht der
Enquete-Kommission „Auswärtig Kulturpolitik“ des Deutschen Bundesregierungs
vom 7. Oktober 1975 (BT-Drs. 8/927). Bonn:Deutscher Bundestag.
Brandt, W. (1967). ”Bedeutung und Aufgaben der Auswärtige Kulturpolitik.“ Bulletin
der Bundesregierung, 1967.
Cummings, M. (2003). Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: A
Survey, Washington, D. C: Center and the United States.
DAAD. (2015) Jubiläumspublikation 90 Jahre DAAD. Meil&ensteine, Einblicke &
Perspektiven.
Dahrendorf, R. (1969). Gesamtplan für die Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Bulletin der
Bundesregierung, Nr. 142 (3. 12. 1969), 1254-1256
ECOTEC. (2008). Final External Evaluation of the Culture 2000 programme(2000-
2006)-Framework Contract on Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Related Services:
a Final Report for the Directorate General Education & Culture of the European
Commission. C3345 / January 2008
Feigenbaum, H. B. (2001). Globalization and cultural diplomacy. Center for Arts and
Culture.
Gad, D. (2008). Der dialog zur Nachhaltigkeit. Auswärtige Kulturarbeit und
Entwicklungspolitik. Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Dialog als Auftrag-
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 169-183.
Gibbs, N. (2015). The Choice-2015 Person of the Year Angela Merkel. Time. 45, 23-
51.
Gilboa, E. (1998). Media Diplomacy Conceptual Divergence and Applications.The
Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 3(3), 56-75.
Glade, WP. (2000). “Enhancing International Dialogue.” Unpublished paper on file
at the Center for Arts and Culture, Washington, D.C.
Goethe Institut. (1998). Grundsätze für die zukünfitige Arbeit.
Goethe Institut. (1999). Durchblick. Zehn Thesen zur Rolle des Goethe Instituts.
Goethe Institut. (2015) Jahrbuch 2014/2015. Munich.
Gopin, M. (2002). The practice of cultural diplomacy. Accessed on the internet
on, 22(7), 2005.
Grincheva, N.(2013). Cultural Diplomacy 2.0: Challenges and Opportunities in
Museum International Practices. museum and society, 11(1), 39-49.
Haigh, A.(1974). Cultural Diplomacy in Europe.
Hamm-Brücher, H. (2008). Zehn Thesen zur kulturellen Begegnung und Zusammenarbeit
mit Ländern der dritten Welt(1982). Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Dialog als Auftrag-
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 191-196
Holger Impekoven. (2015) Die frühen Jahre des DAAD: Welchen Weg der in der
ersten deutschen Demokratie gegründete DAAD in der Nazizeit.
Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public Affairs.
Büchel, J. (2008). Rückzug aus Europa? Zu den Reformbemühungen der deutschen
Auswärtigen Kultur und Bildungspolitik und des Goethe Instituts im Spiegel des
europäischen Integrationsprozesses. Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Dialog als Auftrag-
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 115-130
Kang, H. (2014). Reframing Cultural Diplomacy: International Cultural Politics of
Soft Power and the Creative Economy. Kings‟ s College London. Diakses dalam
[http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/pdf/participantpapers/2011-08-loam/Reframing-Cultural-Diplomacy-International-Cultural- Politics-of-Soft-Power-and-the-Creative-Economy-Hyungseok-Kang.pdf] pada, 20.
Kathe, S. R. (2005). Kulturpolitik um jeden Preis. Die Geschichte des Goethe-Instituts
von 1951 bis 1990. München: Martin Meidenbauer.
Kaussen, W. (2001). Autochrome: von Ländern und Menschen. SPQ.
Kaspar, F. (2013). Radio and Audio Strategies for External Cultural Relations. ifa-
Edition Culture and Foreign Policy. Conference Report. Berlin, 24-25 October
2013.
Kitsou, S. (2011). The Power of Culture in Diplomacy: The Case of US Cultural
Diplomacy in France and Germany. Exchange: The Journal of Public
Diplomacy, 2(1), 3.
Kühner, M. (2011). The Role of Culture in EU Cooperation with ACP Countries ----
concepts, actors, and challenges in a promising field of action. ifa-Edition Kultur
und Außenpolitik.
Kim, H. (2011). Cultural Diplomacy as the Means of Soft Power in an Information
Age. Institute
Lenonard M., Stead, C., & Smewing, C. (2002). Public diplomacy. Foreign Policy
Centre.
Liland, F. (1993). Culture and foreign policy: An introduction to approaches and
theory.
Lepenies, W. (2009). Exile and Emigration. “The Survival of German Culture” Unpublished paper.
Maier, F. (2008). Der kulturpolitische Auftrag des Goethe Instituts. Eine kritische
Betrachtung anhand der Programmarbeit in Stockholm, Rabat und Casablanca. Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Dialog als Auftrag-
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 32-44.
Mark, S. (2009). A greater role for cultural diplomacy. Netherlands Institute of
International Relations' Clingendael'.
Mark, S. L. (2010). Rethinking cultural diplomacy: The cultural diplomacy of New
Zealand, the Canadian Federation and Quebec. Political science, 62(1), 62-83.
Melissen, J. (2005). The new public diplomacy: Soft power in international relations.
Palgrave, Macmillan.
Melissen, J. (2013). Framing China-European Cultural Relations. Spoken Column.
McDowell, M.(2008). Public Diplomacy at the Crossroads: Definitions and Challenges
in an “Open Source” Era. Vol.32:3 Special Edition 2008.
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 13-31
Mitchell, J. M. (1986). International cultural relations (No. 3). Taylor & Francis.
Mulcahy, K. V. (1999). Cultural diplomacy in the post-cold war world:
introduction. Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 29(1), 3.
Netherlands Scientific Council for Government policy. (1987). Culture and
Diplomacy. Thirty-first Repost to the Government.
Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating with the world: US public diplomacy overseas.
Macmillan.
Taylor, P, M. (1981). The Projection of Britain, British Overseas Publicity and
Propaganda 1919-1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Türkan, A. (2012). In the Digital Training Camp Taking traditional diplomacy into the
digital age. ifa Edition Culture and Foreign Policy
Schindler, P. (1999). Datenhandbuch zur Geschichte des Deutschen Bundestages 1949
bis 1999(Gesamtausgabe in drei Bänden). Baden-Baden:Nomos.
Schneider, C. B. (2003). Best Practice sin Cultural Diplomacy.
Schneider, W. (2008). Vom Export zum Netzwerk, vom Event zur Intervention. Zum
Wandel Auswärtiger Kulturpolitik. Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Dialog als Auftrag-
Partnerschaft als Prinzip, Bonn, 13-31.
Schühle, H. (2013). European external cultural relations – Expectations from the
outside. Conference Report. Ifa-Edition Culture and Foreign Policy.
Signitzer, B. H., & Coombs, T. (1992). Public relations and public diplomacy:
Conceptual covergences. Public Relations Review, 18(2), 137-147.
Smits, Y. (2014a). Brazil Country Report in 2013-2014 Preparatory Action ‘Culture
in the EU’s External Relations’
Smits, Y. (2014b). China Country Report in 2013-2014 Preparatory Action ‘Culture
in the EU’s External Relations’for Cultural Diplomacy, pág, 2.
Taylor P. M. (2002). Global Communications. International Affairs and the Media
since 1945. London and New York:Routledge.
Ociepka, B., & Ryniejska, M. (2005). Public diplomacy and EU enlargement: The
case of Poland. Netherlands Institute of International Relations' Clingendael'.
Oglesby, D. M. (2009). Statecraft at the crossroads: A new diplomacy. SAIS Review of
International Affairs, 29(2), 93-106.
Otto, S. (2003). Auswärtig Kulturpolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:
Konzpetionelle Grundlagen und institutionelle Entwicklung seit 1945. Ausarbeitung.
Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages.
Otto, S. (2004). Der Deusche Bundestag und die Auswärtige Kulturpolitik. Info-Brief.
Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages.
Pan y Arte.(2006). Leitsätze für eine erweiterte kulturelle Außenpolitik
Deutschlands.
Pew Research Center. (2012). Greeks and German at polar Opposites. European Unity
on the Rocks. Global Attitudes Project.
Pew Research Center. (2009). Two Decades After the Wall’s Fall. End of Communism
cheered but not with more researvations.
Pogorelskaja. S. W. (2005). Teil der neuen Strategie – Die Nichtregierungsorganizationen.
(In Kurt Jürgen Maaß ed., Kultur und Außenpolitik. Handbuch für Studium und
Praxis, Baden-Baden:Nomos, (pp.215-224).
Rivera, T. (2015). Distinguishing Cultural Relations From Cultural Diplomacy: The
British Council’s Relationship With Her Majesty’s Government. USC Center on
Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School. Figueroa Press: Los Angeles
Ryniejska–Kiełdanowicz, M. (2009). Cultural diplomacy as a form of international
communication. Institute for Public Relations.
Yin, R. K. (Ed.). (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol.5) Sage.
Yue, M. B. (2000). On not looking German Ethnicity, diaspora and the politics of
vision. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(2), 173-194.
Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global
era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32(2), 91-96.
Wolf, Jan-Hendrick (2006). Fehllende Diskurssionsgrundlage. Kalre Absage des
Geldgebens Auswärtiges Amt an den Begriff der Autonomie. in Tageszeitung. 7.6.
2006. S17.
網站資料
林育立. 「我們一定辦得到!」難民如何改變德國(上).聯合新聞網.
in http://udn.com/news/story/8539/1205832. 最後參閱時間24. Sep. 2015.
林育立. 「我們一定辦得到!」難民如何改變德國(下).聯合新聞網.
in http://udn.com/news/story/8539/1205871. 最後參閱時間24. Sep. 2015.
Auswärtiges Amt. “Deutschland genießt weltweit den besten Ruf.” 12. Nov. 2014. in
http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Aussenwirtschaft/Aktuelles/141112_NBI_2014.html.最後查閱時間 20. Oct. 2015.
BBC中文網”兩德統一25周年 默克爾團結應對移民危機” 3. Oct. 2015. in
http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/10/151003_merkel_immgration.最後參閱日期9. Oct. 2015.
“Das Jahr 1984: Politik in Deutschland“ http://www.was-war-wann.de/1900/1980/politik_1984.html. 最
後參閱時間 21. Oct. 2015.
Deutsche Welle. Fererstude zum Mauerfall – von Freiheit und “Drachenbrut”
7. Nov. 2014. In
http://www.dw.com/de/feierstunde-zum-mauerfall-von-freiheit-und-drachenbrut/a-18047039 最後參閱時間 2. Oct. 2015
Deutsche Well. “DW-Umfrage: Vereint, aber noch nicht eins.” 9. Sep. 2015. in
http://www.dw.com/de/dw-umfrage-vereint-aber-noch-nicht-eins/a-18736794. 最後參閱日期9. Oct. 2015.
Deutsche Well. “Gauck: Die innere Einheit neu erringen.” 3. Oct. 2015. in
http://www.dw.com/de/gauck-die-innere-einheit-neu-erringen/av-18759516. 最後參閱日期9. Oct. 2015.
Der Spegel. http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-45922167.html. 最後參閱日期20. Oct. 2015
Enquete Kommission. http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/ausschuesse18/gremien/enquete/
最後參閱日期21. Oct. 2015
European Council „Culture 2000“ in http://ec.europa.eu/culture/tools/culture- 2000_en.htm. 最後參閱日期:24. Oct. 2015.
Monocle Magazine: “Soft Power Survey 2012.” in
http://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2012/. 最後查閱時間 24.
Sep. 2015.
Monocle Magazine: “Soft Power Survey 2013.” in
http://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2013/. 最後查閱時間 24.
Sep. 2015.
Monocle Magazine: “Soft Power Survey 2014/2015.” in
http://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2014-15/. 最後查閱時間 24.
Sep. 2015.
The Local De News. 21. Nov. 2013. in
http://www.thelocal.de/20131121/germany-number-one-for-soft-power 最後查閱時間 16. Sep. 2015.
”The Deutsche Wirtschafts(The German Miracle)”
in http://histclo.com/country/ger/chron/20/pw/dec/1950/gem.html 最後查閱時間
9. Oct. 2015.