研究生: |
周曉祺 Chou, Hsiao-Chi |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
Conflict Experiences and Resolution Process of Taiwan’s Managers under Cultures Influence: Perspective of Social Learning Theory Conflict Experiences and Resolution Process of Taiwan’s Managers under Cultures Influence: Perspective of Social Learning Theory |
指導教授: |
張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 109 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 119 |
英文關鍵詞: | conflict sources |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100359 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:113 下載:4 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
Conflict management has been identified as one of the most important skills in the workplace. The first studies, focusing more on specific sources and methods of conflict. In recent years, researchers have started to understand potential sources of conflict and explore ways to improve conflict resolution. The purpose of the study is to examine the conflict experiences and conflict resolution strategies for managers in the Taiwanese workplace through documenting and exploring the impact of their culturally influenced conflict resolution. It is difficult and time consuming to deal with conflicts as managers must go through various learning processes in the workplace. This study is based on the theoretical perspective of social learning to understand the conflict resolution process learned by Taiwanese managers. The study consists of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 15 to 24 managers with a minimum of three years of management experience in the Taiwanese workplace, including description of their own conflict management experience, cultural awareness of Taiwan (Collectivism vs. Individualism) and the learning process. Qualitative research design, methods, document review, and interviews are used to improve the depth of the study. These findings contribute to understanding the possible root causes of conflict in the concept of workplace conflict and conflict management in Taiwan and contribute to reference and improvement of practitioners' knowledge of conflict management.
Adachi, Y. (2010). Business negotiations between the Americans and the Japanese, Global Business Languages: Vol. 2, Article 4.
Akanji, B., Mordi, T., Ajonbadi, H., & Mojeed-Sanni, B. (2018). Impact of leadership styles on employee engagement and conflict management practices in nigerian universities. Issues in Educational Research, 28(4), 830–848.
Al-Hamdan, Z., Norrie, P., & Anthony, D. (2014). Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan. Journal of Research in Nursing, 19(1), 40–53.
Ali, A. J., Lee, M., Hsieh, Y.-C., & Krishnan, K. (2005). Individualism and collectivism in Taiwan. Cross Cultural Management, 12(4), 3–15.
Asenjo Palma, C. (2019). Conflict resolution in community development: Are the benefits worth the costs? Critical Social Policy, 39(2), 268–288.
Ata, E. (2018). Evaluation of adult environmental awareness behaviours in terms of social learning theory according to perceptions of primary and secondary school students. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), 54–62.
Atkisson, C., O’Brien, M. J., & Mesoudi, A. (2012). Adult learners in a novel environment use prestige-biased social learning. Evolutionary Psychology. 10(3), 519-537
Bandura, A. (1977) Social leaning theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of communication, 28(3), 12-29.
Bandura, A. (2016). The power of observational learning through social modeling. In R. Sternberg, S. Fiske, & D. Foss (Eds.), Scientists Making a Difference: One Hundred Eminent Behavioral and Brain Scientists Talk about their Most Important Contributions (pp. 235-239). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bazezew, A. & Neka, M. (2017). Interpersonal conflicts and styles of managing conflicts among students at bahir dar university, Ethiopia. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 5(1), 27–39.
Bercovitch, J. & Foulkes, J. (2012). Cross-cultural effects in conflict management: Examining the nature and relationship between culture and international mediation. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 12(1), 25–47.
Behrendt, H. & Ben-Ari, R. (2012). The positive side of negative emotion: The role of guilt and shame in coping with interpersonal conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 56(6), 1116–1138.
Bethards, M. L. (2014). Applying social learning theory to the observer role in simulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 10(2), e65–e69.
Blanchett, H., Powis, C., & Webb, J. (2011). Social learning. In A Guide to Teaching Information Literacy: 101 Tips (pp. 42-43).
Boulding, K. (1957). Organization and conflict. Conflict Resolution, 1(2), 122-134.
Budd, J. W., Colvin, A. J. S., & Pohler, D. (2020). Advancing dispute resolution by understanding the sources of conflict: Toward an integrated framework. ILR Review, 73(2), 254–280.
Brinkmann, S. & Kvale, S. (2018). Qualitative research kit: Doing interviews. 55 City Road, London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781529716665
Burgos-Cienfuegos, R., Vasquez-Salgado, Y., Ruedas-Gracia, N., & Greenfield, P. M. (2015). Disparate cultural values and modes of conflict resolution in peer relations: The experience of latino first-generation college students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 37(3), 365–397.
Cader, A. A. (2017). Islamic principles of conflict management: A model for human resource management. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 17(3), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595817740912
Cheung, C. M. K., Liu, I. L. B., & Lee, M. K. O. (2015). How online social interactions influence customer information contribution behavior in online social shopping communities: A social learning theory perspective. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(12), 2511-2521.
Chunyan P. A., & Tjosvold, D. (2011). Social face concerns and conflict avoidance of Chinese employees with their Western or Chinese managers. Human Relations, 64(8), 1031-1050.
Coffey, A. (2014). Analysing documents. In Flick, U. The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 367-379). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Coghlan, D., & Brydon-Miller, M. (2014). The SAGE encyclopedia of action research (Vols. 1-2). London, : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Croucher, S., Bruno, A., McGrath, P., Adams, C., McGahan, C., Suits, A., & Huckins, A. (2012). Conflict styles and high–low context cultures: A cross-cultural extension. Communication Research Reports, 29(1), 64–73.
Davis, T., & Luthans, F. (1980). A social learning approach to organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 5, 281-290.
Dewan, S., Ho, Y.-J. (Ian), & Ramaprasad, J. (2017). Popularity or proximity: characterizing the nature of social influence in an online music community. Information Systems Research, 28(1), 117–136.
Digvijaysinh Thakore, D. T. (2013). Conflict and conflict management. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 8(6), 7-16.
Frey, B. (2018). The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (Vols.1-4). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781506326139
Gomez, C., & Taylor, K. A. (2018). Cultural differences in conflict resolution strategies. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 18(1), 33-51.
Gong, X., Zhang, K. Z. K., Chen, C., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2020). Antecedents and consequences of excessive online social gaming: a social learning perspective. Information Technology & People, 33(2), 657–688.
Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2008). Conflict transformation: A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between different types of intragroup conflict and the moderating role of conflict resolution. Small-Group Research, 39(3), 278-302.
Günsoy, C., Cross, S. E., Uskul, A. K., Adams, G., & Gercek-Swing, B. (2015). Avoid or fight back? cultural differences in responses to conflict and the role of collectivism, honor, and enemy perception. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(8), 1081-1102.
Hanna, R. C., Crittenden, V. L., & Crittenden, W. F. (2013). Social learning theory: A multicultural study of influences on ethical behavior. Journal of Marketing Education, 35(1), 18-25.
Haumschild, R. J., Hertig, J. B., & Weber, R. J. (2015). Managing conflict: A guide for the pharmacy manager. Hospital Pharmacy, 50(6), 543–549.
Hsu, S. Y., & Barker, G. G. (2013). Individualism and collectivism in Chinese and American television advertising. International Communication Gazette, 75(8), 695–714.
Hurt, K. J., & Abebe, M. A. (2015). The effect of conflict type and organizational crisis on perceived strategic decision effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(3), 340–354.
Højholt, C., & Kousholt, D. (2020). Contradictions and conflicts: Researching school as conflictual social practice. Theory & Psychology, 30(1), 36–55.
Ivanov, I. (2019). Adapted conflict resolution model in business organizations. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 17 (Supplement 1), 548–554.
Isabu, M. O. (2017). Causes and management of school related conflict. African Educational Research Journal, 5(2), 148–151.
Jain, S. (2010). Gender perspective on conflict resolution styles of aspiring Indian managers. Asia Pacific Business Review, 6(4), 88–95.
Jehn, K. A., Greer, L., Levine, S., & Szulanski, G. (2008). The effects of conflict types, dimensions, and emergent states on group outcomes. Group Decision and Negotiation, 17(6), 465–495.
Johnson, P. E. (1994). Conflict management: A review of the literature for school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 4(6), 708–724.
Juslin, P. N., Barradas, G. T., Ovsiannikow, M., Limmo, J., & Thompson, W. F. (2016). Prevalence of emotions, mechanisms, and motives in music listening: A comparison of individualist and collectivist cultures.
Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain, 26(4), 293–326.
Kolb, D., & Putnam, L. (1992). The multiple faces of conflict in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(3).
Khakimova, L., Zhang, Y., & Hall, J. (2012). Conflict management styles: The role of ethnic identity and self-construal among young male Arabs and Americans. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41(1), 37–57.
Lahana, E., Tsaras, K., Kalaitzidou, A., Galanis, P., Kaitelidou, D., & Sarafis, P. (2019). Conflicts management in public sector nursing. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 12(1), 33–39.
Lee, E. & Krasny, M. (2015). The role of social learning for social-ecological systems in Korean village groves restoration. Ecology and Society, 20(1).
LeBel, E. P., McCarthy, R. J., Earp, B. D., Elson, M., & Vanpaemel, W. (2018). A unified framework to quantify the credibility of scientific findings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 389–402.
Lichtman, M. (2014). Qualitative research for the social sciences. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Lim, L. (2009). The influences of harmony motives and implicit beliefs on conflict styles of the collectivist. International Journal of Psychology, 44(6), 401–409.
Li, K., Zhao, K., & Li, S. (2017). A concept-ontology-based model for resource conflict and task scheduling in concurrent engineering. Concurrent Engineering, 25(2), 163–173.
Loes, C. & Warren, D. L. (2016). Using observational learning to teach negotiation. Journal of the Academy of Business Education, 17, 296–310.
Lowry, P.B., Zhang, J., Wang, C., & Siponen, M. (2016). Why do adults engage in cyberbullying on social media? an integration of online disinhibition and deindividuation effects with the social structure and social learning model. Inf. Syst. Res., 27, 962-986.
Maltarich, M. A., Kukenberger, M., Reilly, G., & Mathieu, J. (2016). Conflict in teams: modeling early and late conflict states and the interactive effects of conflict processes. Group & Organization Management, 43(1), 6–37.
Mannarini, S., Balottin, L., Munari, C., & Gatta, M. (2017). Assessing conflict management in the couple: The definition of a latent dimension. The Family Journal, 25(1), 13–22.
Mastracci, S. & Adams, I. (2019). Is emotional labor easier in collectivist or individualist cultures? an east–west comparison. Public Personnel Management, 48(3), 325–344.
Mbati, L. (2013). Online social media applications for constructivism and observational learning. In International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (Vol. 14, Issue 5, pp. 166–185).
McAlister, A. (1987). Social learning theory and preventive behavior. In N. D. Weinstein (Ed.), Taking care: Understanding and encouraging self-protective behavior (p. 42–53). Cambridge University Press.
Messarra, L., Karkoulian, S., & El-Kassar, A.-N. (2016). Conflict resolution styles and personality. International Journal of Productivity & Performance Management, 65(6), 792–810.
Mertler, C. (2017). Analyzing data. In Action research (pp. 170-216). SAGE Publications, Inc, https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781483396484
Merriam, S. B., & Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mikkelsen, E. N., & Clegg, S. (2019). Conceptions of conflict in organizational conflict research: Toward critical reflexivity. Journal of Management Inquiry, 28(2), 166–179.
Morse, B. A. B., Carman, J. P., & Zint, M. T. (2019). Fostering environmental behaviors through observational learning. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(10), 1530–1552.
Murayama, A., Ryan, C. S., Shimizu, H., Kurebayashi, K., & Miura, A. (2015). Cultural differences in perceptions of intragroup conflict and preferred conflict-management behavior: A scenario experiment. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(1), 88–100.
Oetzel, J. G. & Ting-Toomey, S. (2003). Face concerns in interpersonal conflict: A cross-cultural empirical test of the face negotiation theory. Communication Research, 30(6), 599–624.
Ohbuchi, K.-I. & Takahashi, Y. (1994). Cultural styles of conflict management in Japanese and Americans: Passivity, covertness, and effectiveness of strategies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24(15), 1345-1366.
Oore, D., Leiter, M. P., & LeBlanc, D. E. (2015). Individual and organizational factors promoting successful responses to workplace conflict. Canadian Psychology, 56(3), 301–310.
Ozutku, H. & Altindis, S. (2013). The relations between work intensity and work-family conflict in collectivist culture: Evidence from Turkish health care professionals. Journal of Health Management, 15(3), 361–382.
Plessis, Y. du. (2012). Exploring teamwork paradoxes challenging 21st-century cross-cultural conflict management in a multicultural organizational context. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 12(1), 49–71.
Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 26(2), 368–376.
Rios, K., DeMarree, K. G., & Statzer, J. (2014). Attitude certainty and conflict style: Divergent effects of correctness and clarity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(7), 819–830.
Nibler, R. & Harris, K. L. (2003) The effects of culture and cohesiveness on intragroup conflict and effectiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(5), 613-631.
Saibo, T. N. (2016). Interpersonal conflict and conflict management styles in gunchire and mike high schools. Peace and conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 22(4), 417–419.
Saunders, M. & Townsend, K. (2018). Choosing participants. In C. CassellA. L. Cunliffe & G. Grandy, The sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods (pp. 480-492). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Schaeffner, M., Huettermann, H., Gebert, D., Boerner, S., Kearney, E., & Song, L. J. (2014). Swim or sink together. Group & Organization Management, 40(4), 467–499.
Skrebyte, A., Garnett, P., & Kendal, J. R. (2016).
Temporal relationships between individualism–collectivism and the economy in soviet Russia: A word frequency analysis using the google ngram corpus. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(9), 1217–1235.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications, Inc.
Sumari, M., Baharudin, D. F., Md Khalid, N., Ibrahim, N. H., & Tharbe, I. H. (2019). Family functioning in a collectivist culture of Malaysia: A qualitative study. The Family Journal.
Tabassi, A. A., Abdullah, A., & Bryde, D. J. (2019). Conflict management, team coordination, and performance within multicultural temporary projects: Evidence from the construction industry. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 101-114.
Thomas, G., Morgan, K., & Harris, K. (2016). Albert Bandura: Observational learning in coaching. In Learning in Sports Coaching (pp. 38-50). Routledge.
Tjosvold, D., Law, K. S., & Sun, H. (2006). Effectiveness of Chinese teams: The role of conflict types and conflict management approaches. Management and Organization Review, 2(02), 231-252.
Tinsley, C. (1998). Models of conflict resolution in Japanese, German, and American cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 316-323.
Vollmer, A. & Wolf, P. (2015). Adaption of conflict management styles during the encounter of cultures: Findings from a Russian–west European case study. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 15(2), 151-166.
Wagner, R. & Hall, M. (2012). Resolution of social conflict. Annual Review of Sociology. 38. 181-199.
Wiebe, W. T., Yan Bing Zhang, & Ning Liu. (2018).
Intergenerational conflict management styles: Exploring the indirect effects of sex through filial obligation. China Media Research, 14(3), 44–56.
Yan, J. D. (2019). International workers’ strategies for handling conflicts in the pre-adjusted and adjusted period in Taiwan (Master’s thesis). Available from airiti Library, 1-86.
Yilmaz, M., Yilmaz, U., & Demir-Yilmaz, E. N. (2019). The relation between social learning and visual culture. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 421–427.
Zhang, Z. & Wei, X. (2017). Superficial harmony and conflict avoidance resulting from negative anticipation in the workplace. Management and Organization Review, 13(4), 795-820.
Zhang, Q. & Zhang, J (2012). Conflict types, resolution, and relational satisfaction: A U.S.-china investigation. Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies, 21(3), 41-52.
Zhu, T. (2013). Conflict management between employees from different departments: contribution of organizational identification and controversy. (Master’s thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/mgt_etd.24
Zhu, F., Wang, L., Yu, M., & Yang, X. (2020). Quality of conflict management in construction project context: Conceptualization, scale development, and validation. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 27(5), 1191–1211.