研究生: |
姚錦棟 JingDongYao |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
我國中學生酸鹼鹽迷思概念和心智模式之研究 The misconceptions and metal models of s junior high and senior high schooltudents in acids , bases, and salts. |
指導教授: |
邱美虹
Chiu, Mei-Hung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
科學教育研究所 Graduate Institute of Science Education |
論文出版年: | 2002 |
畢業學年度: | 90 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 219 |
中文關鍵詞: | 酸鹼鹽 、迷思概念 、心智模式 |
英文關鍵詞: | Acids, Bases, and Salts, Misconceptions, Mental models |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:289 下載:110 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究的主要目的在於探討我國國中及高中學生有關酸鹼鹽概念之理解程度、迷思概念及心智模式的類型。研究對象是取自台北縣立甲國中學生合計共330人、高級中學學生共240人。
研究重點以國中理化、高中基礎理化教材為主,統整其中的酸鹼鹽概念,建立重要的教學目標,據此完成概念圖及命題陳述以發展相關工具(包含開放式紙筆測驗及晤談),並根據所得的資籵再發展成二階段診斷測驗及作定性及定量的分析,找出學生的迷思概念及其背後所隱含之心智模式類型。茲將主要研究結果摘錄如下:
一、在溶液酸鹼性質單元中迷思概念類型共有九種,其主要之心智模式類型共有五種,比例較高的有三種分別是:現象模式、名稱模式、化學組成模式。
且此三種模式以國中學生為主,高中學生比例較低。
二、在酸鹼混合單元中迷思概念類型共有共有五種,其主要之心智模式類型共有四種,比例較高的有二種即:解離程度模式、電中性模式。解離程度栚式除高一學生外比例隨年級增加而下降;電中性模式國三到高二隨年級增加而比例下降。
三、在氣體溶解溶液酸鹼性單元迷思概念類型共有共有七種,其主要之心智模式類型共有四種,比例較高的是:溶劑種類模式及壓力模式。溶劑種類模式中認為溶液無關溶解度的比例由國一到高二隨年級有上升之趨勢;壓力模式之壓力變大溶解度變小之概念比例由國一至高二隨年級而降低。
四、在電解質解離單元中迷思概念類型共有共有七種,四種迷思概念之心智模式,比例較高的是:不解離模式、完全解離模式及離子引力模式。不解離模式國一至高二比例隨年級增加並無明顯之上升或下降趨勢;完全解離模式中國一至高二比例隨年級而降低。離子引力模式之特徵中,以離子引力大,溶液中離子多的比例,國一至高二隨年級而增加。
五、在酸鹼強度與氫離子濃度單元中迷思概念類型共有共有十九種,有八種心智模式,比例較高的是:濃度模式、濃度和體積模式、pH值模式、溶劑種
類模式、溶液酸鹼性模式、溫度上升模式及導電模式。這些主要模式國一到高二比例隨年級上升並無明顯之上升或下降趨勢。
六、弱酸弱鹼稀釋單元迷思概念類型共有十種,其主要之心智模式類型共有四種,比例較高的是體積改變模式,而國一至高二比例隨年級上升並無明顯之上升或下降趨勢。
The main purpose of this study was to explore the comprehensive level of our junior high school and high school students in regard to misconceptions and metal models about acids,bases,and salts. There were 340 junior high and 320 senior high school students for clinic interviews and further discussions were from local schools in Taipei.
This study was based on the present physical science textbooks for junior high school students and fundamental physical science for high school students. It attempted to reorganize the concepts of acids, bases and salts mentioned in those textbooks, to construct concept maps and proposition statements. The research instruments included open-ended paper-and-pencil questionnaire, interviewing questionnaire, and a set of two tier test items. Analyses of the quantitative and qualitative data were done according to the students’ responses in order to find the types of misconceptions and mental models.
The following were the main conclusions of this study:
1. In the acidity or basicity of a solution, these students held 5 mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:a phenomenon model, a name model, a chemistry components model.
2. In the unit of neutralization, the students held four mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:an ionize model, an electricity neutral model.
3. In the unit of a solution dissolve gas either acidic or basic, the students held four mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:a solvent model, a pressure model.
4. In the unit of electrolyte to ionize, these students gave four mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:a not to ionize model, an ionize absolutely model, an attraction by ion model.
5. In the unit of strength of acid and base, and the concentration of H+, the students held eight mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:a concentration model, a concentration-volume model, a pH model, a solvent model, a acidity or basicity of a solution model, a increase temperature model, a conduct electricity model.
6. In the unit of weak acids and bases to dilute,the students held two mental models of misconceptions, the higher percentage were:a volume model.
一、中文部分
王宇(2000):高中基礎化學,台北市,台芝。
王美芬(1991):自然科錯誤概念之研究。台北市立師範學院學報,第二十二期 ,367-400。
方家慶(1998):利用測驗統計分析及了解化學學習進展,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
方泰山,廖焜熙(1991):由命題的頭腦體操論化學概念分析。科學教育月刊,第一百三十九期,2-16。
王澄霞,楊永華(1984):中美英日小學至高中自然科學教材有關「酸與鹼」之實驗。國立台灣師範大學學報,第二十九期,611-630。
宋志雄(1992):探究國三學生酸與鹼的迷思概念並應用以發展教學診斷工具,彰化市:國立彰化師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文。
邱美虹(2000):概念改變研究的省思與啟示。科學教育學刊,第八卷第一期,1-34。
邱喚文(2000):利用概念圖探究國三學生酸與鹼的概念學習,台北市:國立台北師範學院數理教育研究所碩士論文。
李詩閔(2000):以微量實驗裝置的教學活動探討學生對酸鹼概念的學習狀況,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
林靜雯(2000):由概念改變及心智模式初探多重類比對國小四年級學生電學概念學習之影響,台北市:國立台灣師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文。
施朱娟(1998):國中酸鹼概念教學之研究,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
郭重吉(1988):從認知觀點探討自然科學的學習。教育學院學報,第十三期,351-378。
郭重吉(1990):學生科學知識認知結構的評估與描述。國立彰化大學學報,第一期,279-319。
國立編譯館(2000):國民中學理化教科書第一至四冊。
國立彰化大學科學教育研究所(2000):科學概念工具發展與晤談研習會研習手冊。
陳姍姍(1993):探究國三學生酸與鹼的迷思概念並應用以發展教學診斷工具,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
陳昭錦(1993):高三資優學生『水溶液中的化學平衡』解題個案研究,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
黃萬居(1992):國小師生對酸鹼概念認知之研究。國科會專題研究成果報告。
翁雪琴(1994):探討國三學生對於「晝夜及四季」成因之心智模式及其概念改變之歷程,台北市:國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
薛勝雄,張乃文(2000):細說高中物質科學化學篇,台北縣,建宏。
二、英文部分
Ausubel, D.P. (1968). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning.
New York: Grune and Stratton.
Ausubel, Novak J. D. & Hanesian, H. 1978. Educational psychology: A cognitive view. 2 nd ed.
Banerjee, Anil C.(1991). Misconceptions of Students and Teachers in Chemical Equilibrium. International Journal of Science Education, 13 (4), 487-494 .
Bradley, J.D.& Mosimege, M.D.(1998). Misconceptions in acids and bases: a comparative study of student teachers with different chemistry backgrounds. South African Journal of Chemistry, Sep98, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p137,9.
Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education.
Cros, D., Maurice, M., Amouroux, R., Chastrette, M., Leber, J., & Fayol, M.(1986). Conceptions of first-year university students of the constituents of matter and the notions of acids and bases. International Journal of Science Education, 8 (3), 305-313 .
Cros, D., Chastrette, M., & Fayol, M.(1988). Conceptions of second-year university students of some fundamental notions in chemistry. International Journal of Science Education, 10 (3), 331-336 .
Driver, R.(1981). Pupils’ alternative frameworks in science. Euuopean Journalof Science Education, 3(1), 93-101.
Eaton, J . F. et al. (1984). Students’ Misconceptions Interfere with Science Learning : Case Studies of Fifth- Grade Stidents. The Elementary School Journal, 84(4), 365-379.
Hans-Jürgen Schmidt(1997). Students' misconceptions - Looking for a pattern. Science Education, 81(2), 123-135.
Hashweh, M. Z.(1988). Descriptive studies of students conceptions in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 25(2),513-529.
Helm, H. & Novak, J. D. (1983).Proceedings of The International Seminar on Misconceptions of Science and Mathematics. Ithaca, N.Y.:Department of Education,Cornell university.
Jazlin V. Ebenezer, Duncan M. Fraser(2001). First year chemical engineering students' conceptions of energy in solution processes: Phenomenographic categories for common knowledge construction. Science Education, 85(5), 509-535.
Kauffman, G.B.(1988). The Bronsted-Lowery acid-base concept. Journal of Chemical Education, v65, 28-31.
Klausmeier, H. J.(1974). Conceptual Learning and Development. New York Academic Press.
Linn, M. C.(1987). Establishing a Research Base for Science Education:Challenges Trends and Recommendations. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 24(2), 191-217.
Nakhleh, Mary B.; Krajcik, Joseph S.(1993). A Protocol Analysis of the Influence of Technology on Students' Actions, Verbal Commentary, and Thought Processes During the Performance of Acid-Base Titrations. International Journal of Science Education, 30(9), 1149-1168 .
Nakhleh, Mary B.; Krajcik, Joseph S.(1994). Influence on Levels of Information as Presented by Different Technologies on Students' Understanding of Acid, Base, and pH Concepts. International Journal of Science Education, 31(10), 1077-1096.
Novak, J. D.(1977). A Theory of Education. Cornell University Press.
Novak, J. D. & Gowin, D. B.(1984). Learning How to Learn. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Pfundt, H., & Duet, R.(1994). Bibliography- Students alternative frameworks and science education. Kiel, Germany: University of Kiel Institute for Science Education.
Ross, B. & West, L. H. T.(1986). Conceptional understanding and science learning: An interpretation of research within a source of knowledge framework. Science Education, 70(5), 583-564.
Schmidt, Hans-Jurgen.(1991).A Label as a Hidden Persuader: Chemists' Neutralization Concept. International Journal of Science Education, 13(4), p459-72.
Sutton, C. R.(1980). The learner’s puior knowledge: a critical review of techniques for probing its organization. European Journal of Science Education, 2(2), 107-120.
Treagust, D.F.(1988). Development and use of diagnostic tests to evaluate students’ misconceptions in science. International Journal of Science Education, 63, 459-72.
Treagust ,D.F.(1996). Improving Teaching and Learning in Science and Mathematics. New York Teachers College Press.
Treptow, R.S.(1986). The conjugate acid-base chart. Journal of Chemical Education, 63, 938-941.
White, R. T. & Tisher, R.P. (1985). Research of Natural Sciences. In M. Wittrock(Ed.),Handbook on Research on teaching(3rd ed). New York : MacMillan. pp. 874-905.