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研究生：	黃宗瀚
論文名稱：	兩性水膠的合成與對水泥砂漿試體水分散失的影響
指導教授：	許貫中
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	78
中文關鍵詞：	高吸水性水膠、兩性、合成半交互穿插網狀結構、自養護劑
英文關鍵詞：	superabsorbent hydrogel, zwitterionic, semi-interpenetrating network, self-curing agent
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：215 下載：0
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本研究合成兩性離子水膠PAMD與半交互穿插網狀結構水膠PAsp/PAM。PAMD是由丙烯酸二甲胺乙脂與氯醋酸鈉合成出DAAE單體，接著由丙烯醯胺與DAAE以自由基聚合的方式反應得到。PAsp/PAM是由天冬氨酸與磷酸反應得PSI，經水解後得PAsp，再由丙烯醯胺與PAsp反應得到。探討改變交聯劑、起始劑、單體比例、水解時間後在對水膠吸水率的影響。並將合成之PAMD與PAsp/PAM加入水泥砂漿試體中探討添加水膠對試體保水率、濕度、抗壓強度的影響。
研究結果顯示PAMD最佳反應條件為DAAE : AAm = 1 : 1、APS = 0.8 mol%、MBA = 0.5 mol%，所製得之PAMD在純水中的吸水率可達396 g/g；在 0.1M NaCl、0.1M CaCl2的吸水率分別為42 g/g、31 g/g，最佳水解時間為6小時，可使PAMD吸水率增加至473 g/g，在0.1M NaCl的吸水率增加至81 g/g。PAsp/PAM最佳反應條件為PAsp : AM = 1 : 1、APS = 0.8 mol%、MBA = 0.5 mol%，所製得之PAsp/PAM在純水中的吸水率可達92 g/g，在0.1M NaCl、0.1M CaCl2的吸水率分別為40 g/g、26 g/g，最佳水解時間為6小時，可使PAsp/PAM吸水率增加至405 g/g，在0.1M NaCl的吸水率增加至85 g/g。
測試結果可知添加0.1%的PAMD及0.2%的PAsp/PAM於水泥砂漿試體為最佳添加量，試體的保水率、內部相對濕度濕度、抗壓強度皆有略微提升。

In this research, two kind of hydrogel, i.e., zwitterionic hydrogel PAMD and semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel PAsp/PAM, have been synthesized. First, DAAE was prepared from 2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate and sodium chloroacetate. Secondly, PAMD was prepared from Acrylamide and DAAE by free-radical polymerization. PSI was prepared from aspartic acid and phosphoric acid, PAsp was prepared from PSI by hydrolysis, PAsp/PAM was prepared from Acrylamide and PAsp. The effect of MBA, APS, monomer ratio and hydrolysis time on the swelling ratio of hydrogel were investigated. The effect of hydrogel in cement paste on the water retention, humidity and compressive strength was studied.
The results indicate that the maximum water absorbency of PAMD(DAAE : AM = 1 : 1；APS = 0.8 mol%；MBA = 0.5 mol%)is 396 g/g in deionized water and 42 g/g, 31 g/g in 0.1M NaCl, 0.1M CaCl2 solution. The optimum hydrolyzed time is 6 hr, it can improve the water absorbency of PAMD 473 g/g in deionized water and 81 g/g in 0.1M NaCl solution. The maximum water absorbency of PAsp/PAM(PAsp : AM = 1 : 1；APS = 0.8 mol%；MBA = 0.5 mol%)is 92 g/g in deionized water and 40 g/g, 26 g/g in 0.1M NaCl, 0.1M CaCl2 solution. The optimum hydrolyzed time is 6 hr, it can improve the water absorbency of PAsp/PAM 405 g/g in deionized water and 85 g/g in 0.1M NaCl solution.
The test on mortar containing 0.1% PAMD and 0.2% PAsp/PAM showed that the water retention, relative humidity and compressive strength were slightly higher than the control.

目錄
摘要......................................................I
Abstract................................................III
第一章 緒 論    1
第二章 文獻回顧    2
2-1 吸水性水膠簡介    2
2-1-1水膠的吸水理論    2
2-1-6水膠的保水能力    3
2-2 影響水膠吸水性能的因素    4
2-2-1 交聯劑的影響    4
2-2-2 官能基對水膠的影響    4
2-2-3 鹽水的影響    5
2-3 水膠的分類[6]    9
2-3-1 兩性離子高吸水性水膠    10
2-3-2 半交互穿插網狀結構水膠    11
2-4 水泥    12
2-4-1 卜特蘭水泥之組成[27]    12
2-4-2 水泥之水化 (Hydration)[31]    14
2-5 養護    20
2-5-1 適當養護的重要性    20
2-5-2 自我養護    20
2-5-3 自我養護的機制[38, 39]    20
第三章 實驗部分    22
3-1 實驗流程    22
3-2 實驗方法    22
3-3 實驗材料    25
3-4 實驗儀器 :    27
3-5 水膠之合成    28
3-5-1 DAAE之合成    28
3-5-2 水膠PAMD之合成    29
3-5-3 PAsp之合成    30
3-5-4 水膠PAsp/PAM之合成    31
3-6 吸水性樹脂結構鑑定及性質分析    32
3-6-1紅外線(IR)光譜分析    32
3-6-2 核磁共振(NMR)光譜分析    32
3-6-3 固含量測量    33
3-6-4 吸水率測量    33
3-6-5 水解實驗    33
3-6-6 水泥砂漿拌製    34
3-6-7 水泥砂漿試體水量損失及抗壓強度試驗    34
3-6-8 水泥砂漿試體內部相對濕度試驗    34
第四章 PAMD的性質分析與對砂漿性質的影響    36
4-1 共聚物之結構分析    36
4-1-1 DAAE之光譜分析    36
4-1-2  PAMD之光譜分析    38
4-2 交聯劑量對PAMD吸水率的影響    39
4-3 不同單體比例的PAMD的吸水率    43
4-3-1 單體比例對PAMD在純水中吸水率的影響    43
4-3-2 單體比例對PAMD在鹽水中吸水率的影響    44
4-4 起始劑量對PAMD吸水率的影響    47
4-5鹽水種類對PDAM吸水率的影響    50
4-6水解時間對PAMD吸水率的影響    53
4-7 PAMD對水泥砂漿試體的影響    55
4-7-1 PAMD在水泥砂漿試體中的保水性質    55
4-7-2 PAMD對水泥砂漿試體抗壓強度的影響    59
第五章 PAsp/PAM的性質分析與對砂漿性質的影響    61
5-1 共聚物之結構分析    61
5-2 單體比例對PAsp/PAM吸水率的影響    62
5-3水解時間對PAsp/PAM吸水率的影響    65
5-4 PAsp/PAM對水泥砂漿試體的影響    67
5-4-1 PAsp/PAM在水泥砂漿試體中的保水性質    67
5-4-2 PAsp/PAM對水泥砂漿試體抗壓強度的影響    70
第六章 結論    72
參考資料    74


圖目錄
圖 2-2-1  離子交聯示意圖............................................6
圖 2-3-1  兩性離子水膠結構.........................................11
圖 2-3-2  semi-IPN hydrogel結構示意圖..............................11
圖 2-4-1  卜特蘭水泥生成及水化示意圖...............................14
圖 2-4-2  水泥水化時間與放熱通量之關係圖...........................16
圖 2-4-3  水泥漿體水化示意圖.......................................18
圖 3-1-1  實驗流程圖...............................................24
圖 3-6-2  反應裝置圖...............................................29
圖 4-1-1  DAAE之IR光譜圖..........................................37
圖 4-1-2  DAAE之1H-NMR光譜圖......................................37
圖 4-1-3  PAMD之IR光譜圖..........................................38
圖 4-2-1  交聯劑劑量對PAMD吸水率的影響............................41
圖 4-2-2  交聯劑劑量對PAMD於鹽水中吸水率的影響....................42
圖 4-3-1  單體比例對PAMD在純水中吸水率的影響......................45
圖 4-3-2  單體比例對PAMD於鹽水中吸水率的影響......................46
圖 4-4-1  起始劑劑量對PAMD在純水中吸水率的影響....................48
圖 4-4-2  起始劑量對PAMD於鹽水中吸水率的影響......................49
圖 4-5-1  PAMD(C)於不同鹽水中的吸水率（1）.........................52
圖 4-5-2  PAMD(C)於不同鹽水中的吸水率（2）.........................52
圖 4-6-1  水解時間對PAMD（C）在純水中吸水率的影響..................54
圖 4-6-2  水解時間對PAMD（C）於鹽水中吸水率的影響..................54
圖 4-7-1  PAMD（C）對水泥砂漿試體水分散失的影響.....................57
圖 4-7-2  PAMD（C）在水泥砂漿試體的保水率...........................58
圖 4-7-3  PAMD（C）對水泥砂漿試體內部濕度的影響.....................58
圖 4-7-4  PAMD（C）對水泥砂漿試體抗壓強度的影響.....................60
圖 5-1-1  PAsp/PAM之IR光譜圖......................................61
圖 5-2-1  單體比例對PAsp/PAM在純水中吸水率的影響..................63
圖 5-2-2  單體比例對PAsp/PAM吸水率的影響..........................64
圖 5-3-1  水解時間對PAsp/PAM55在純水中吸水率的影響................66
圖 5-3-2  水解時間對PAsp/PAM55於鹽水中吸水率的影響................66
圖 5-4-1  PAsp/PAM55對砂漿試體水分散失的影響......................68
圖 5-4-2  PAsp/PAM55在砂漿試體的保水率............................69
圖 5-4-3  PAsp/PAM55對砂漿試體內部濕度的影響......................69
圖 5-4-4  PAsp/PAM55對砂漿試體抗壓強度的影響......................71

表目錄
表 2-2-1  水膠於鹽水中的吸水率......................................7
表 2-4-1  卜特蘭水泥之主要成份.....................................12
表 2-4-2  各種卜特蘭水泥的成份與性質...............................13
表 2-4-3  水泥水化方程式...........................................15
表 3-3-1  水泥之性質...............................................25
表 4-2-1  改變交聯劑劑量的PAMD合成條件............................41
表 4-3-1  改變PAMD單體比例的合成條件..............................45
表 4-4-1  改變起始劑劑量的PAMD之合成條件..........................48
表 4-7-1  添加PAMD（C）之水泥砂漿組成..............................57
表 5-2-1  改變單體比例的PAsp/PAM合成條件..........................63
表 5-4-1  添加PAsp/PAM55之水泥砂漿組成............................68
                                

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