簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 張力仁
Chang, Li-Jen
論文名稱: 轉換型領導、組織自尊對組織公民行為影響之研究-以敬業貢獻度為中介變項
A Study of the Impact of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Based Self-Esteem on Organizational Citizenship Behavior - The Mediating Effect is Work Engagement
指導教授: 余鑑
Yu, Chien
于俊傑
Yu, Chin-Cheh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技應用與人力資源發展學系
Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 186
中文關鍵詞: 轉換型領導組織自尊敬業貢獻度組織公民行為
英文關鍵詞: Transformational Leadership, Organization Based Self-Esteem, Work Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:247下載:27
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 全球化的時代,金融業為了保有競爭優勢,除了不斷的創新,內部管理的關鍵在於如何透過有效的領導行為以及提升員工自我尊榮感,以激勵員工對工作上的專注與熱忱,進而對組織產生奉獻與忠誠之行為。
    本研究目的欲從金融產業公司員工對於轉換型領導以及組織自尊,而後透過敬業貢獻度為中介變項進而深入探討其對員工組織公民行為之影響。因此,本研究將以迴歸模型進行實證分析。
    本研究以問卷作為實證研究,更以國內金融產業公司員工為研究對象進行調查研究,共發出400份問卷,回收有效問卷為372份,其研究結果顯示:(1)轉換型領導對敬業貢獻度具有正向影響;(2)組織自尊對敬業貢獻度具有正向影響;(3)敬業貢獻度對組織公民行為具有正向影響;(4)轉換型領導對組織公民行為具有正向影響;(5)組織自尊對組織公民行為具有正向影響;(6)轉換型領導透過敬業貢獻度對組織公民行為有顯著影響;(7)組織自尊透過敬業貢獻度對組織公民行為有部份顯著影響。
    由以上研究結果可歸納得知,員工對於轉換型領導的接受度愈高、在組織中的自尊感愈多,愈能有效提升員工之敬業貢獻度,進而產生員工組織公民行為的出現。

    ABSTRACT
    With the development of globalization, the external environment has been rapidly changing. Organizations have faced the big challenge to organizational revolution and organizational transformation. Organizations in order to survive under the turbulent environment, except the innovation, in the inner management, it should be more focus on how to make employee feel valuable and important to the organization, and encourage employees benefit the organization in heart, which is become a important issue to the modern Human Resources management within whole organization.
    The purpose of this study will identify the impact Transformational Leadership and Organization Based Self-Esteem on employee’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Financial Service Industry. Work Engagement between Transformational Leadership, Organization Based Self-Esteem and Organizational Citizenship Behavior would be the major mediating effect. Therefore, regression would be used to analysis data and proof the conclusion.
    A questionnaire was used to conduct empirical research. The samples were collected from the staffs within the Financial Service Industry. Further, the 372 effective questionnaires would be delivered from 400 questionnaires. The conclusion will point out: (1)Transformational Leadership has a significant positive influence on Work Engagement. (2)Organization Based Self-Esteem has a significant positive influence on Work Engagement. (3)Transformational Leadership has a partial significant positive influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (4)Organization Based Self-Esteem has a significant positive influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (5)Work Engagement has a significant positive influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (6)Work Engagement has a significant positive mediating effect between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (7)Work Engagement has a partial mediating effect between Organization Based Self-Esteem and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
    According to the result of the study, if the Transformational Leadership and Organization Based Self-Esteem could be more possessed from staffs, the Work Engagement would be promoted into staffs which would induct the employees to behave more Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

    中文摘要 i ABSTRACT iii 目  錄 v 表  次 vii 圖  次 xi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與待答問題 6 第三節 研究範圍與限制 7 第四節 重要名詞釋義 9 第二章 文獻探討 13 第一節 轉換型領導 13 第二節 組織自尊 27 第三節 敬業貢獻度 38 第四節 組織公民行為 47 第五節 各變項間之相關性 62 第三章 研究設計與實施 71 第一節 研究架構與假設 71 第二節 研究方法 73 第三節 研究步驟 73 第四節 研究對象 76 第五節 研究工具 76 第六節 資料分析 84 第七節 預試問卷信效度分析 86 第四章 資料分析 95 第一節 問卷回收與統計 95 第二節 敘述性統計分析 97 第三節 信效度分析 103 第四節 相關分析 109 第五節 迴歸分析 116 第六節 運用層級迴歸分析驗證敬業貢獻度的中介效果 121 第七節 徑路分析 125 第八節 研究結果假設摘要表 129 第五章 結論與建議 131 第一節 研究發現與討論 131 第二節 管理意涵 137 第三節 研究貢獻 143 第四節 研究限制與後續方向建議 146 參考文獻 149 一、中文部分 149 二、外文部分 155 附  錄 175 附錄一 國內金融產業人員敬業貢獻度之預試問卷 177 附錄二 國內金融產業人員敬業貢獻度之問卷邀請函 181 附錄三 國內金融產業人員敬業貢獻度之正式問卷 182

    一、中文部分
    丁永祥(2011)。景氣復甦,職場菜鳥最關心企業的哪些事?管理雜誌,442,32-40。
    中央銀行(2011)。全國金融機構統計表。2011年5月15日,取自http://www.cbc.gov.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=886&CtUnit=490&BaseDSD=7&mp=1
    王保進(1999)。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。台北:心理。
    江岷欽、許道然(2002)。政府組織公民行為之研究。T&D飛訊,4,1-23。
    吳明隆(2007)。SPSS統計應用學習實務-問卷分析與應用統計。台北:知城數位。
    吳思華(1998)。知識經濟社會總體指標。經建會委託研究計畫報告。
    吳思華(2006)。從製造台灣走向知識台灣─「創意、創新與創業」是知識經濟時代的新力量。育成視界。2009年10月10日,取自http://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/。
    吳貞慧(2010)。轉換型領導與交易型領導對組織公民行為之關聯性研究-以情境因素為干擾變項。國立中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
    吳振昌(2001)。預期組織變革不確定感對部屬工作反應影響之實證研究。國防大學國防管理學院碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    李宗澤(2011)。2011年台灣整體景氣。2011年4月30日,取自http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NATS5/6274910.shtml
    周昌柏(2007)。國小學校組織文化與教師組織承諾之研究。學校行政,49,84-106。
    周義翔(2007)。心理契約違反、敬業貢獻度與工作壓力關聯性之研究-以中部地區機械設備產業為例。國立彰化師範大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
    周瓊惠、張潔如、趙銘崇(2008)。景氣衰退因應之道-台灣產業調查報告。台北:惠悅。
    林士奇(2001)。轉型領導、組織承諾與組織公民行為關係之研究-以中華電信. 南區分公司為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
    林季慧(2004)。性別、職業類別對組織中自尊的影響-以性別角色為調節因子。義守大學管理科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
    林宛瑩(2005)。探討員工自尊、情緒勞務負荷及蠻橫顧客對服務破壞之影響-以第一線護理人員為例。國立嘉義大學行銷與流通管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。
    林姮妤(2008)。領導型態對員工組織自尊,敬業貢獻度與離職傾向之影響。國立台北大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    林淑姬(1992)。薪酬公平、程序公平與組織承諾、組織公民行為關係之研究。國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    林鉦棽 (2005)。組織公民行為之跨層次分析:層級線性模式的應用,管理學報,22(4)503-524。
    林維林(1996)。轉換型、交易型領導行為與領導效能關係之研究-以台灣省政府建設廳為個案分析。私立東海大學公共行政研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中。
    邱麗家(2006)。內部稽核人員人格特質、工作特性與工作滿意度關係之研究-以成就動機為中介變項。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
    洪瑞璘(1999)。工作自尊心─開創事業版圖新秘訣。台北:時報。
    流川美加、師瑞德(2010)。進入社會的30堂行銷課。台北:易富文化。
    范熾文(2006)。國小校長轉型領導與教師組織承諾關係之研究。台中教育大學學報:教育類,19(2),1-22。
    唐永泰(2006)。轉換型領導、工作動機與員工創新行為的關係。人力資源管理學報,4,47-66。
    翁淑媛(1985)。青少年的自尊以及相關變項的研究。國立政治大學教育與心理研究,8,79-114。
    財團法人國家政策研究基金會(2010)。ECFA 讓台灣金融業鹹魚翻身。2010年4月14日,取自http://www.npf.org.tw/post/1/7282。
    高月慈、袁素娟(2006)。護理人員職場自尊及其相關因素的探討-以中著某區域醫院為例。醫務管理期刊,7(4),370-382。
    張火燦(1990)。人力資源發展方案評鑑的觀念及模式。人力資源學報,1,17-26。
    張淑娟(2008)。中小企業家創業精神對組織創新之影響:智慧資本與敬業貢獻度的中介角色。國立彰化師範大學會計學系高階管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
    張簡淑蓉(2008)。金融業、光電業之轉換型領導、交易型領導與組織公民行為關係之實證比較。屏東科技大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東。
    曹采華(2001)。員工特徵對工作滿意、組織承諾、組織公民行為、工作績效的影響—以派遣人員為例。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
    梁凱雯(2001)。組織公平、工作自主性與互依性對觀光旅館懦憚A務員工組織公民行為之相關研究。世新大學觀光研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    莊木坤(2006)。領導型態對工作投入、工作滿足、組織承諾與 組織公民行為之影響關係研究--以台電公司為例。國立東華大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,花蓮。
    許道然(2001)。同待遇類型與待遇滿足感及組織公民行為關係之研究。空大行政學報,9,349-386。
    許嫚籤(2006)。工作要求、控制對工作倦怠與敬業貢獻度的影響:社會支持與因應策略之角色。國立彰化師範大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
    陳俊生(2002)。促進學校教育改革的關鍵-轉型領導。學校行政雙月刊,18,16-28。
    陳慧穎(2007)。校長領導行為、組織公平及教師組織公民行為關係之研究-以南部四縣市公立國小為例。台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南。
    陳學賢(2006)。高雄市國小校長轉型領導、學校願景發展與教師組織承諾關係之研究。台東大學教育學報,17(1),77-106。
    陳譓森(1996)。轉換型領導對警政服務品質之影響研究。國立政治大學公共行政管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    黃品全、蔣明親(2007)。轉換型領導對旅館餐廳服務人員行為態度之影響:社會認定與自我肯定之認知機制。觀光研究學報,13(1),1-22。
    黃柏勳(2003)。國民小學校長轉型領導、學校組織氣候與教師公民行為關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
    黃英忠(1997)。人力資源管理。台北:三民。
    楊秋宜(2006)。銀行業經營策略差異性分析。國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文,未出版,台南。
    楊婉如(2008)。第一線服務人員幽默感、自尊、情緒勞動、工作倦怠與工作滿足之關聯性研究。龍華科技大學商學與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
    葛建新、周衛中、傅曉霞(2004)。創業學。北京:清華大學。
    劉妍君(2005)。研發人員心理契約、工作資源對創新行為與留職傾向之影響:以敬業貢獻度為中介變項。國立彰化師範大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
    蔡宏明(1999)。我國高科技產業發展面對的挑戰與因應對策。經濟情勢暨評論,5(1),88-102。
    蔡青青、劉雪娥(1996)。自尊的概念。護理雜誌,43(1),90-94。
    蔡啟通(1997)。組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係。國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文,未出版,台北。
    蔡啟通、高泉豐(2004)。動機取向、組織創新氣候與員工創新行為之關係﹕Amabile動機綜效模型之驗證。管理學報,21(5),571-592。
    蔡進雄(2001)。超越轉型領導:國民中小學校長新轉型領導影響 教師組織承諾之研究。國民教育研究集刊,13,37-63。
    鄧筱潔(2008)。工作特性對員工創新行為影響之研究-以敬業貢獻度為中介變項。國立彰化師範大學商業教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
    鄭耀男(2004)。國民中小學教師的組織公民行為之影響模式,師大學報,49(1),41-62。
    賴志超、鄭伯壎、陳欽雨(2001)。台灣企業員工組織認同的來源及其效益,人力資源管理學報,1(1),27-51。
    賴明政(2004)。企業倫理行為、組織承諾、工作滿足與組織公民行為關係之研究。企業管理學報,60,31-60。
    戴坤輝(2002)。轉換型領導、交易型領導、信任、工作滿足及組織承諾之關聯性研究-組織自尊的干擾效果。國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    顏如妙(2004)。企業創新指標建構之研究。國立政治大學創新與創造力研究中心電子報。2009年10月10日,取自http://www.ccis.nccu.edu.tw/CCIS%20Epaper/200410/3e.htm
    曠文琪(2009)。台積電裁員兩度大轉彎內幕- 誰讓張忠謀低頭道歉? 商業周刊,1123,45-52。

    二、外文部分
    Abelson, M. A. (1986). Strategic management of turnover: A model of the health service administrator. Health Care Management Review, 11(2), 61-71.
    Allen, T. D., & Rush, M. C. (1998). The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: A field study and a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 247–260.
    Amabile, T. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial creativity through motivational Synergy. Journal of Creativity Behavior, 31(1), 18-26.
    Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A., & Yammarino, F. J. (1991). Leading in the 1990's: The four I's of transformational leadership. Journal of European industrial training, 15, 9-16.
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi. Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 76-94.
    Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
    Barbuto, J. E., & Bugenhagen, M. J. (2006). Preliminary relation between followers' locus of control and organizational citizenship behaviors. Psychological reports, 98(3), 882-884.
    Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the executive. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182
    Barrow, J. (1977). The variables of leadership: a review and conceptual framework. Academy of Management Review, 2, 231-251.

    Bass, B. M. & Steidlmeier, P. (1998). Ethics, character and authentic Transformational Leadership, 10(2), 181-217.
    Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1989). Potential biases in leadership measures: How prototypes, leniency and general satisfaction related to ratings and rankings of transformational and transactional leadership constructs. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49, 519-527.
    Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Bass, B. M.(1985). Leadership and performance beyond Expectations. New York:Free Press.
    Bateman, T. S, & Organ, D.W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employe citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
    Becker, S. W., & Whisler, T. L. (1967). The innovative organization: A selective view of current theory and research. Journal of Business, 4, 462-469.
    Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York : Harper & Row.
    Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
    Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
    Betz, F. (1987). Managing technology-competing through new ventures- Innovation, and corporate research. Prentice Hall.
    Blakely, G. L., Srivastava, A., & Moorman, R. H. (2005). The effects of nationality, work role centrality, and work locus of control on role definitions of OCB. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 12(1), 103-117.
    Blanchard, K., & Johnson, S. (1982). The one minute manager. NY: William Morrow.
    Bowden, T. (2002). An investigation into psychological predictors of work family conflict and turnover intention in an organizational context. Unpublished manuscript. University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
    Brief, A. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Prosocial organizational behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 11, 710-725.
    Britt, T. W., Adler, A. B., & Bartone, P. T. (2001). Deriving benefits from stressful events: the role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 53-63.
    Brockner, J. (1988). Self-Esteem at Work: Theory, Research, and Practice. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
    Brutus, S., Rudrman, M. N., Ohlott, P. J., & McCauley, C. D. (2000). Developing from job experience: The role of organization-based self-esteem. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 367-380.
    Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. NY: Harper & Row.
    Bycio, P., Hackett, R.D., & Allen, J.S. (1995).Further assessments of Bass's (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology , 80, 468-478.
    Campbell, J. D. (1990). Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(3), 538-549.
    Carson, K. D., Carson, P. P., Lanford, H.,& Roe, C. D. (1997). The effects of organization-based self-esteem on workplace outcomes: An examination of emergency medical technicians. Public Personnel Management, 26(1), 139-155.
    Cabrera, Á., & Cabrera, E. (2002). Knowledge-sharing Dilemmas. Organization Studies, 23, 687-710.
    Chatman, J. A. (1991). Matching people and organizations: selection and socialization in pblic accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 459-484.
    Chattopadhyay, P., & George, E. (2001). Examining the effects of work externalization through the lens of social identity theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 781-788.
    Chen, Z. X., & Aryee, S. (2007). Delegation and employee work outcomes: The cultural context of mediating processes. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 226-238.
    Coleman, V.I., & Borman, W.C. (2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain. Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 25-44.
    Coopersmith, S. (1967). The Antecedents of Self-Esteem. San Francisco: Freeman.
    Covin, T. J., Kolenko, T. A., Sightler, K. W., & Tudor, R. K. (1992). Correlates of organization-based self-esteem. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Management Association, LA: New Orleans.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
    Daft, R. L. (2001). Organization Theory And Design (7th ed.). Minnesota: West Publishing.
    Dalton, D. R., & Perry, J. L. (1981). Absenteeism and the collective bargaining agreement: An empirical test. Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 425-431.
    Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555-590.
    Deluga, R. J. & Souza, J. (1991). The Effects of Transformational and Transaction Leadership Style on the Influencing Behavior or Subordinate Police Officers. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 49-55.
    Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
    Donavan, D. J., Brown, T. J., & Mowen, J. C., (2004). Internal Benefits of Service-Worker Customer Orientation, Job Satisfaction, Commitment and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours. Journal of Marketing, 68: 128-146.
    Douglas, R. M., Richard, L. G., & Lynn, M. H., (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
    Downton,J. V. (1973). Rebel Leadership. New York : Free Press.
    Drath, W. H., & Palus, C. J. (1994). Making common sense: Leadership as meaning-making in a community of practice. NC: Greensboro.
    Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance:A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 735-744.
    Dyne, L. V., & Pierce, J. L., (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: Three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439-459.
    Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. C. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 421-444.
    Fawcett, R. (2003). A relational and emotional approach to employee engagement. European Quality, 10(3), 45-50.
    Fiedler, F.E. (1976) Improving Leadership Effectiveness: The Leader Match Concept, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
    Foote, D. A., & Tang, T. L. P. (2008). Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB): Does team commitment make a difference in self-directed teams? Management Decision, 46, 933-947.
    Frankle, E. G. (1990). Management of technology change. CA: Kluwer Academic press.
    Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K., & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology, 70, 139-161.
    Friedman, H. H. & Langbert. M. (2000). Abraham as a transformational leader. The Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(2), 88-95.
    Ganguly, D. (2003). Married to the Job. The Economic Times, 7(1), 23-34.
    Ganster, D., & Schaubroeck, J. (1991). Work stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17, 235-271.
    Gardner, D. G., & Pierce, J. L. (2001). Self-esteem and self-efficacy within the organizational context: A replication. Journal of Management Systems, 13(4), 31-48.
    Gardner, D. G., Pierce, J. L., Dyne, L. V., & Cummings, L. L. (2000). Relationships between pay level, employee stock ownership, self-esteem and performance, Proceedings of Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management, Sydney, Australia, 120-149.
    Gardner, D. G., Dyne, L. V., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). The effect of pay level on organization-based self-esteem and performance: A field study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 307-322.
    Gattiker, U. E. (1990). Technology Management in Organization. Sage, CA.
    George, J. M., & Brief, A. P. (1992). Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 310–329.
    Graham, J.W. (1989). Leadership, moral development, and citizenship behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(1), 43-54.
    Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley.
    Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International.
    Harding, S. (2004). Building an engaged workforce. Europe Quality, 10(2), 43.
    Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279.
    Hater, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Supervisors, evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of applied Psychology, 73, 695-702.
    Howell, J. M., Neufeld, D., & Avolio, B. J. (2005). Examining the relationship of leadership and physical distance with business unit performance. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 273-285.
    Hsu, J. C., Hsu, S. Y., Huang, L., Leong, A., & Li, M. (2003). Are leadership styles linked to turnover intention: An examination in Mainland China? Journal of American Academy of Business, 3(1/2), 37-43.
    Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
    Hui, C., & Lee, C. (2000). Moderating effects of organization-based self-esteem on organizational uncertainty: Employee response relationships. Journal of Management, 26(2), 215-232.
    Hui, C., Lee, C., & Rousseau, D.M. (2004). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors in China: Exploring generalizability and instrumentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 311-321.
    Hunt, D. & Michael, C. (1983). Mentorship: A career training and development tool. Academy of Management Review, 8, 475 - 480.
    Hunt, J. G. (1991). Leadership: A new synthesis. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage.
    Jackson, S. A., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in sports: the keys to optimal experiences and performances. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
    Jackson, S. A., & Eklund, R. C. (2002). Assessing flow in physical activity: The Flow State Scale-2 and Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 133-150.
    Jacobs, T. O., & Jaques, E., (1990). Military executive leadership. In K. E. Clark & M. B. Clark (Eds.). Measures of leadership(pp.493-504). NJ: West Organ .
    Jago, A. G. (1982). Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management Science, 28(3), 315-336.
    Janssen, O. (2000). Fairness perceptions as a moderator in the curvilinear relationships between job demands, and job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1039-1050.
    Janssen, O., Van De Vliert, E., & West, M.,(2004). The bright and dark sides of individual and group innovation:A special issue introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 129-145.
    Jones, J. R., & Harter, J. K., (2004). Race effects on the employee engagement-turnover intention relationship. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(2), 78-88.
    Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 697-724.
    Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organization. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 169-211.
    Kanter, R. M., Kao, J. & Wiersema, F. (1997). Innovation: Breakthrough thinking at 3M,. DuPont, GE. Pfizer, and Rubbermaid. New York: HarperBusuness.
    Kanungo, R. N. (2001). Ethical Values of Transactional and Transformational Leaders. Journal of Administrative Sciences.18(4), 257-265
    Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The Two Faces of Transformational Leadership:Empowerment and Dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246-255.
    Karriker, J. H., & Williams M. L. (2009). Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Mediated Multifoci Model. Journal of Management, 35, 112.
    Katz, D.(1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9, 131-133.
    Kaufman, J. D., Stamper, C. L., & Tesluk, P. E. (2001) Do supportive organizational make for good corporate citizens? Journal of Managerial Issues, 8(4), 436-449.
    Kleysen, R. F., & Street, C. T. (2001). Toward a multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284-296.
    Koh, W. L., Richard, M.,& Terberg, Jr.(1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(4), 319-333.
    Konovsky, M. A., & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 215–224.
    Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal , 37, 656-669.
    Koontz, H. & Weihrich, H. (1990). Essentials of Management, (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
    Korman, A. K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54(2), 31-41.
    Korman, A. K. (1976). Hypothesis of work behavior revisited and an extension. Academy of Management Review, 1, 50-63.
    Korman, A. K. (2001). Self-enhancement and self-protection: Toward a theory of work motivation. In M. Erez, U. Kleinbeck & H. Thierry (Eds.), Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy: Mahwah (pp. 121-130). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    Kotter, J. P. (1999). What leaders really do. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
    Kowalski, B. (2003). The engagement gap. Training, 40(4), 62.
    Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
    Lee, J. (2003). An analysis of organization-based self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between its antecedents and consequences. The Korean Personnel Administration Journal, 27(2), 25-50.
    Lee, J., & Feccei, R. (2007). Perceived organizational support and affective commitment: the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem in the context of job insecurity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(6), 661-685.
    Leithwood, K., Tomlinson, D., & Maxine, G. (1996), Transformational school leadership, In K. Leithwood et al. (Eds.), International handbook of educational leadership and administration , 785-840, Boston: Kluwer Academy Publishers.
    MacKenzie, S.B., Podsakoff, P.M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons' performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 123-150.
    Maslash, C., & Leiter, M. P., (1997). The Truth About Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher.
    Maslash, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P., (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
    Matheson, N. K., & Stems, H. L. (1991). Influence of organization-based self-esteem on satisfaction and commitment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, St. Louis, MO.
    Mayer, B. W., Whitfield, A., & Godkin, L. (1999). Promoting organization-based self-esteem in an organization: The role of organizational climate variables, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 16(1), 81-96.
    McAllister, D. J., & Bigley, G. A., (2002). Work context and the (re)definition of self: How organizational care influences organization-based self-esteem. Academy of Management Journal, 45(3), 894-904.
    McNeely, B. L., & Meglino, B. M. (1994). The Role of Dispositional and Situational Antecedents in Prosocial Organizational Behavior: An Examination of the Intended Beneficiaries of Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 836-844.
    Medley, F. & Larochelle, D. R. (1995). Transformational leadership and job satisfaction. Nursing Management, 26(9), 64-47.
    Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organisation: A Meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
    Moideenkutty, U., Blau, G., Kumar, R., & Nalakath, A. (2006). Comparing correlates of organizational citizenship versus in-role behaviour of sales representatives in India. International Journal of Commerce and Management. 16(1), 15–28.
    Moorman, R. H. (1991). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.
    Moorman, R. H., Blakely, G. L. and Niehoff, B. P. (1998). Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior? Academy of Management Journal, 41, 351-357.
    Moorman, R. H., Niehoff, B. P., & Organ, D. W. (1993). Treating employees fairly and organizational citizenship behavior: Sorting the effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and procedural justice. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6, 209-225.
    Mossholder, K. W. (1982). Group process work outcome relationships: A note on the moderating impact of self esteem. Academy of Management Journal, 25, 575 - 585.

    Myers, C & Isabel, B. (1980). Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. NJ: Davies-Black Publishing.
    Nathaniel, B. (1998). Self-esteem at work : how confident people make powerful companies. NY: Jossey-Bass Inc.
    Newell, S., & Swan, J. (1995). Professional associations as important mediators of the innovation process. Science Communication, 16(4), 371-387.
    Nguni, S., Sleegers, P., & Denessen, E. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: the Tanzania case. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 145-177.
    Niehoff, B. P. & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 527-556.
    Northhouse, P. G. (1997). Leadership-Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995), A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48,775–802.
    Organ, D.W. (1980). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndorme. MA : Lexington.
    Organ, D.W. (1988). A restatement of the satisfaction-performance hypothesis. Journa of Management, 14, 547-557.
    Organ,D.W. (1990). The subtle significance of job satisfaction. Clinical Management Review, 4, 97-98.
    Parry K. (2000). Does Leadership help the Bottom Line. New Zealand Management. 47, 38-41.
    Pelham, B. W., & Swann, W. B., Jr., (1989). From self-conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 672-680.
    Phillips, G. M. (2000). Perceived organizational support: An extended model of the mediating and moderating effects of self-structures. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Akron, Ohio.
    Phillips, G. M. and R. J. Hall (2001), Perceived organizational support: Themediating role of self-structures. Presented at the annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA.
    Philpott, J. (2004). Chartered institute of personnel and development. Retrieved September 3, 2004, from http://www.employmentweek.com.
    Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: the mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 327-340.
    Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G., (2004). Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: A review of the organization-based self-esteem literature. Journal of Management, 30(5), 591-622.
    Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., & Dunham, R. B., (1989). Organization-Base Self-Esteem: Construct Definition, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 622-648.
    Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 3(1), 351–363.
    Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. (1996). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Substitutes for Leadership as Determinants of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Journal of Management. 22(2), 259– 298.
    Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
    Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M., (1974). Organization commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
    Price, J. L. (1977). The Study of Turnover. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
    Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions, The Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 329–354.
    Robbins, S. P. (1998). Organizational Theory: Structure, Design and Applications (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
    Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior (10th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Robbinson, S. L., & Morrison, E.W (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289-298.
    Robinson, D., S., Perryman, & Hayday, S.(2004). The drivers of employee engagement. Institute of Employment Studies 405. London, Report.
    Roger, M. (2004). Engaged tone. People Management, 10(2), 52.
    Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
    Rosenberg, M., C., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, & F., Rosenberg (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: Different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60(1), 141-156.
    Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655-684.
    Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
    Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B., (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
    Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., &Bakker, A. B., (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmtory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
    Schnake, M., Cochran, D., & Dumler, M. (1995). Encouraging organizational citizenship: The effects of job satisfaction, perceived equity and leadership. Journal of Managerial Issues, 7(2), 209-221.
    Schumpeter, J. (1950). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York,Harper & Bros.
    Schutte, N., Toppinen, S., Kalimo, R., & Schaufeli, W. B., (2000). The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) across occupational groups and nations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(1), 53-66.
    Simpson, C. K., & Boyle, D., (1975). Esteem construct generality and academic performance. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 35(2), 897-904.
    Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J.P. (1983). Organizationalcitizenship behavior : Its nature and antecedents. Journal of applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
    Sonnentag, S. (2003). work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528.
    Spangler, W. D., & Braiotta, L. Jr. (1990). Leadership and corporate audit committee effectiveness. Group & Organization Management, 15, 134-157.
    Stogdill, R. M. (1981). Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research. New York: Free Press.
    Swanson, E. B. (1994). Information systems innovation among organizations. Management Science, 40(9), 1069-1092.
    Tang, T. L. P., & Gilbert, P. R. (1994). Organization-based self-esteem among mental health workers: A replication and extension. Public Personnel Management, 23, 127-134.
    Tang, T. L., & Ibrahim, A. H. S. (1998). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior revisited: Public personnel in the United States and in the Middle East. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 529-549.
    Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I. R., &Massarisk, F. (1961). Leadership and Organization. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Taylor, S. E., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1995). Effects of mindset on positive illusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 213-226.
    Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. (2003). Relationships among supervisors’ and subordinates’ procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 97–105.
    Terry, G. R. (1960). Principle of Management (3rd ed.). Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
    Thaneswor, G., Rolf, V. D., Ulrich, W., Narottam, U., Ann, D. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in Nepal. Journal of Social Psychology, 8(3), 305-314.
    Tichy, N. M., & DeVanna, M. A. (1986). The Transformational Leader. NY: John Wiley &Sons.
    Turnley, W. H. and Feldman, D. C., (200). Re-examining the Effects of Psychological Contract Violations: Unmet Expectations and Job Dissatisfaction as Mediators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 25-42.
    Tushman, N. L., & Nadler, D. A. (1986). Organizing for innovation. California Management Review , 28, 74-92.
    Van de Ven, & Andrew H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32, 590-607.
    Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (1998). Organizational citizenship behavior of contingent workers in Singapore. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 692-703.
    Van Dyne, L., Graham, J., & Dienesch, R. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior:Construct redefinition, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 765-802.
    Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative emotion in the workplace: Employee jealousy and envy. International Journal of Stress Management, 7(3), 161-179.
    Weber, M. (1924/1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations (T. Parsons, Trans.). New York: Free Press.
    Wei, G. T. Y., & Albright, R. R. (1998). Correlates of organization-based self-esteem: An empirical study of U.S. Coast Guard cadets. International Journal of Management, 15(2), 218-225.
    Wellins, R., & Concelman, J., (2005). Creating a culture for engagement. Workforce Performance Solutions. Retrieved August 1, 2005, from http://www.WPSmag.com.
    West, M. A., Tjosvold, D., & Smith, K. G. (Eds.). (2003). International handbook of teamwork and cooperative working. Chichester: Wiley.
    Wiener,Y. (1982). Commitment in Organizations: a Normative View. Academy of Management Review, 7, 418-428.
    Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
    Williams, L. J., & Hazer, J. T., (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A reanalysis using latent variable structural equation methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 219-231.
    Yammarino, F. J., & Dubinsky, A.J. (1994). Transformational leadership theory: using levels of analysis to determine boundary conditions. Personnel Psychology, 47, 787-811.
    Yammarino, F. J., W. D., Spangler, & B. M., Bass (1994). Transformational leadership and performance: a longitudinal investigation. Leadership Quarterly, 4(1), 81-102.
    Yukl, G.A.(1989). Leadership in organization. (2nd ed.). N.J.:Prertice-Hall.
    Zaleznik, A. (1977). Managers and leaders: Are they different? Harvard Business Review, 55, 67-78.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE