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研究生: 鄭光洲
Kuang-Chou Cheng
論文名稱: Kryptolebias marmoratus之輸贏經驗效應的整合
The Effect of Multiple Winning and Losing Experiences in Kryptolebias marmoratus
指導教授: 許鈺鸚
Hsu, Yu-Ying
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 生命科學系
Department of Life Science
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 71
中文關鍵詞: 打鬥行為打鬥能力打鬥經驗經驗整合敗者效應勝者效應
英文關鍵詞: fighting behavior, fighting ability, fighting experience, experience integration, loser effect, winner effect, Kryptolebias marmoratus
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:134下載:16
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  • 本研究使用Kryptolebias marmoratus探討動物如何整合先前多次的輸贏經驗來調整下次再遇到競爭對手時的打鬥策略。在自然界中,動物彼此間常會競爭有限的資源,個體往往藉由打鬥的勝負來決定資源的擁有權,而其過去的打鬥經驗會影響牠們未來的打鬥行為和結果。前人研究指出:有過輸的經驗之個體,打鬥時會較被動且在遭遇對手挑釁後會傾向逃跑(敗者效應,loser effect);相反地,有過贏的經驗之個體,打鬥時會較具攻擊性並傾向主動攻擊(勝者效應,winner effect)。這些效應被認為是個體利用過去的輸贏經驗來調整對自身打鬥能力和打鬥風險的評估。敗者與勝者效應表現在許多物種的打鬥行為上,但是我們對於多次打鬥經驗的效應如何被整合卻並不清楚。這個議題在行為生態學上極具意義,因為動物在自然界中會遭遇許多競爭對手,進而獲得多次的打鬥經驗。所以我給予個體一到三次輸或贏的打鬥經驗,以檢驗此三次的經驗是否會對後來的打鬥行為產生累積效應。本研究結果發現,K. marmoratus近期擁有不同的打鬥經驗的確會影響個體未來的打鬥行為和結果。有過贏的經驗之個體其先展示的機率、先攻擊的機率、發生激烈打鬥的機率以及獲勝的機率皆高於有過輸的經驗之個體,並且打鬥的持續時間也會比較長。此外,K. marmoratus有明顯的敗者與勝者效應,兩種經驗效應的作用相反,對打鬥行為的影響程度也不同。當個體獲得多次的打鬥經驗,卻不會對後來的打鬥行為產生加成效應。輸贏經驗之累積皆不會改變個體的打鬥行為和結果,僅維持相當於有過一次輸贏經驗的情形。

    關鍵字:打鬥行為、打鬥能力、打鬥經驗、經驗整合、敗者效應、勝者效應、Kryptolebias marmoratus

    摘要 i 目次 iii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 動物的競爭 1 第二節 敗者效應與勝者效應 8 第三節 多次打鬥經驗的整合 10 第四節 Kryptolebias marmoratus的打鬥行為 13 第二章 材料與方法 15 第一節 實驗物種 15 第二節 實驗設計 18 第三節 預期結果 19 第四節 實驗方法 20 第五節 經驗給予 21 第六節 行為定義 22 第七節 統計分析 23 第三章 結果 25 第一節 多次打鬥經驗之累積對打鬥行為的影響 25 第二節 輸贏經驗對打鬥行為的影響 30 第三節 敗者與勝者效應強弱的比較 31 第四章 討論 34 第一節 輸贏經驗對打鬥行為的影響 34 第二節 敗者與勝者效應強弱的比較 35 第三節 多次打鬥經驗之累積對打鬥行為的影響 37 第四節 其他因子對打鬥行為的影響 39 參考文獻 42 附錄 57

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