簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鍾雅婷
Chung, Ya-Ting
論文名稱: Facebook使用與幸福感之關係:個人和社會途徑的影響
Facebook Users’ Well-being: Influence of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Factors
指導教授: 王仕茹
Wang, Shih-Ju
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Management
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 54
中文關鍵詞: Facebook線上社群網站感知社會支持自我價值幸福感
英文關鍵詞: Facebook, Social networking site, Perceived social support, Self-worth, Well-being
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205171
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:150下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 近幾年幸福感在學術界是熱門的議題,最早開啟網路幸福感論戰是來自Kraut等人(1998)的研究,他們指出網路的使用與憂鬱、孤獨和壓力有關。後來Schiffrin等人(2010)將此幸福感議題移至目前最多人使用的社群平台―Facebook―縮小了研究範圍且專注於特定網路平台,引發研究Facebook幸福感的一股風氣。由於先前研究各自所持的觀點不同,至今Facebook的使用是否能為人們帶來幸福感仍未有一致的定論。而本篇研究據Facebook帶來幸福感之立場進行討論,探討Facebook幸福感的來源,嘗試以「社會―個人」為研究主軸,將社會幸福感和心理幸福感納入模型,檢驗在Facebook中如何透過社會途徑和個人途徑達到社會幸福感和心理幸福感,並進而影響Facebook用戶的網站黏著度。
    本研究以Facebook為研究範圍,進行網路問卷調查,取得528份有效樣本。研究結果顯示,Facebook的社會連結和自我揭露意圖,分別正向影響社會幸福感和心理幸福感,其中的社會途徑是以感知社會支持為中介變數,個人途徑是以自我價值為中介變數。此外,研究結果發現社會幸福感會增加黏著度,但心理幸福感則無此效果。管理意涵與未來研究建議於末章論述。

    Internet use and well-being is a popular issue in recent years. The first related study sparking a debate was by Kraut et al. (1998), and they pointed out that that Internet use is positively correlated with depression, loneliness, and stress. Later on, Schiffrin et al. (2010) took this well-being issue to the currently most widely used social networking site, Facebook, narrowing down the research scope and focusing on a specific website. Then, it triggered a trend of studying the well-being on Facebook. Because of the different views held by previous studies, it had a dispute whether Facebook can bring people well-being. The focus of this study is to explore how Facebook bring well-being, that is, how Facebook bring social well-being and psychological well-being via "Interpersonal and Intrapersonal" approaches. Moreover, the study tests the effect of different well-beings on the stickiness of Facebook users.
    This research field is Facebook. And it surveyed on network questionnaires to collect data. A total of 325 valid questionnaires are obtained. The results suggest that social well-being can be positively influenced by social connection through perceived social support as a mediator variable. Also, psychological well-being can be positively influenced by self-disclosure through self-worth as a mediator variable. Furthermore, social well-being rather than psychological well-being affects Facebook stickiness significantly. Implications for managers and future research directions are discussed at the end of the chapter.

    目錄 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 4 第二章 文獻探討 5 第一節 Facebook使用動機 5 一、 社會連結(Social connection) 5 二、 自我揭露(Self-disclosure) 6 第二節 幸福感(Well-being) 8 一、 幸福感定義 8 二、 心理幸福感(Psychological well-being, PWB) 11 三、 社會幸福感(Social well-being) 12 第三節 感知社會支持(Perceived social support) 13 一、 感知社會支持定義 13 二、 社會連結與感知社會支持之關係 14 三、 感知社會支持與自我揭露之關係 15 第四節 自我價值(Self-worth) 16 一、 自我價值定義 16 二、 自我揭露與自我價值之關係 16 三、 社會連結與自我價值之關係 17 第五節 社會途徑和個人途徑 18 一、 感知社會支持與幸福感之關係 18 二、 自我價值與幸福感之關係 18 第六節 黏著度(Stickiness) 20 一、 黏著度定義 20 二、 幸福感與黏著度之關係 20 第三章 研究方法 21 第一節 研究架構 21 第二節 研究變數定義與衡量 23 第三節 研究設計 30 第四章 分析結果 32 第一節 基本資料分析 32 一、 樣本組成 32 二、 Facebook社群網站使用者行為分析 34 第二節 因素分析與信效度檢定 37 第三節 結構關係模式分析 41 一、 模型配適度 41 二、 假說檢定 42 第五章 結論與建議 47 第一節 研究發現 47 第二節 研究貢獻 51 第三節 研究限制 53 第四節 未來研究建議 54 參考文獻 I 附錄一、問卷調查表 IX

    Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social Penetration: The Development of Interpersonal Relationships. Journal of Social Psychology (Vol. 75).

    Andrews, F. M., & McKennell, A. C. (1980). Measures of self-reported well-being: Their affective, cognitive, and other components. Social Indicators Research, 8(2), 127–155.

    Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.

    Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33–48.

    Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413–445.

    Beals, K. P., Peplau, L. A., & Gable, S. L. (2009). Stigma management and well-being: The role of perceived social support, emotional processing, and suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(7), 867–879.

    Berg, J. H., & Archer, R. L. (1982). Responses to self-disclosure and interaction goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18(6), 501–512.

    Braithwaite, D. O., Waldron, V. R., & Finn, J. (1999). Communication of social support in computer-mediated groups for people with disabilities. Health Communication, 11(2), 123–151.

    Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17(5), 475–482.

    Burke, M., Kraut, R., & Marlow, C. (2011). Social capital on Facebook: Differentiating uses and users. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 571–580).

    Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of well-being. The American Psychologist, 31(2), 117–124.

    Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Theory of Problematic Internet Use and Psychosocial Well-Being. Communication Research, 30(6), 625–648.

    Chang, C. W., & Heo, J. (2014). Visiting theories that predict college students’ self-disclosure on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 79–86.

    Carr, A. (2011). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths. (2nd ed.) Hove, East Sussex; New York: Routledge.

    Chen, F. F., Jing, Y., Hayes, A., & Lee, J. M. (2013). Two concepts or two approaches? A bifactor analysis of psychological and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(3), 1033–1068.

    Christofides, E., Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2009). Information disclosure and control on Facebook: are they two sides of the same coin or two different processes? CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(3), 341–345.

    Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 2nd).

    Cohen, S. (1992). Stress, social support, and disorder. In The meaning of measurment of social support (pp. 109–124). Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

    Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13(2), 99–125.

    Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985). Measuring the functional components of social support. In Social support: Theory, research and applications (pp. 73–94). Springer Netherlands.

    Cohen, S., & Wills, T. a. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.

    Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(s1), S95–S120.

    Cozby, P. C. (1973). Self-disclosure: a literature review. Psychological Bulletin, 79(2), 73–91.

    Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108(3), 593–623.

    Delle Fave, A., Brdar, I., Freire, T., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Wissing, M. P. (2011). The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 185–207.

    Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. T. (1993). Self-Disclosure. Sage series on close relationships.

    Deters, F. G., & Mehl, M. R. (2012). Does Posting Facebook Status Updates Increase or Decrease Loneliness? An Online Social Networking Experiment. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(5), 579–586.

    Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575.

    Eastin, M. S., & Larose, R. (2005). Alt.support: Modeling social support online. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(6), 977–992.

    Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.

    Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873–892.

    Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2006). Spatially Bounded Online Social Networks and Social Capital: The Role of Facebook. Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, 1–37.

    Facebook. (2015) http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/ Accessed Apr. 25,2015.

    Fisher, J. D., Nadler, A., & Whitcher-Alagna, S. (1982). Recipient reactions to aid. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 27–54.

    Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1025–1049.

    Gasper, D. (2005). Subjective and objective well-being in relation to economic inputs: puzzles and responses. Review of Social Economy, 63(2), 177–206.

    Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-presentation in online personals: the role of anticipated future interaction, self-disclosure, and perceived success in Internet dating. Communication Research, 33(2), 152–177.

    Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 79–83.

    Greene, K., Derlega, V. J., & Alicia, M. (2006). Self-disclosure in personal relationships. The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships.

    Gross, R., & Acquisti, A. (2005). Information revelation and privacy in online social networks. In the 2005 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society (pp. 71–80).

    Haber, M. G., Cohen, J. L., Lucas, T., & Baltes, B. B. (2007). The relationship between self-reported received and perceived social support: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1-2), 133–144.

    Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53(1), 87–97.

    Harter, S. (2012). Self-perception profile for adolescents: Manual and questionnaires. Denver, CO: Univeristy of Denver, Department of Psychology.

    Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self‐disclosure in computer‐mediated communication: The role of self‐awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2), 177–192.

    Joinson, A. N. (2008). “Looking at”, “Looking up” or “Keeping up with” People? Motives and uses of Facebook. Chi 2008, 1027–1036.

    Jourard, S. M. (1959). Self-disclosure and other-cathexis. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(3), 428–431.

    Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011). The relationship between Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(4), 183–189.

    Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140.

    Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207–222.

    Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548.

    Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022.

    Kim, J., & Lee, J.-E. R. (2011). The Facebook paths to happiness: effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(6), 359–364.

    Ko, H.-C., & Kuo, F.-Y. (2009). Can blogging enhance subjective well-being through self-disclosure? Cyberpsychology & Behavior : The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 12(1), 75–79.

    Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031.

    Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 49–74.
    Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., … Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), 1–6.

    Kujath, C. L. (2011). Facebook and MySpace: complement or substitute for face-to-face interaction? Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 75–78.

    Lakey, B., & Cassady, P. B. (1990). Cognitive processes in perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 337–343.

    Lampe, C., Ellison, N., & Steinfield, C. (2006). A Face(book) in the Crowd: Social Searching vs. Social Browsing. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW ’06 (pp. 167–170).

    Laurenceau, J. P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: the importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1238–1251.

    Ledbetter, A. M., Mazer, J. P., DeGroot, J. M., Meyer, K. R., Yuping Mao, & Swafford, B. (2011). Attitudes Toward Online Social Connection and Self-Disclosure as Predictors of Facebook Communication and Relational Closeness. Communication Research, 38(1), 27–53.

    Ledbetter, A. M. (2009). Measuring Online Communication Attitude: Instrument Development and Validation. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 463–486.

    Lee, E., Ahn, J., & Kim, Y. J. (2014). Personality traits and self-presentation at Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 162–167.

    Leung, L. (2002). Loneliness, self-disclosure, and ICQ (“ I Seek You”) use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5(3), 241–251.

    Levy, S., & Guttman, L. (1975). On the multivariate structure of wellbeing. Social Indicators Research, 2(3), 361–388.

    Li, C., Shi, X., & Dang, J. (2014). Online communication and subjective well-being in Chinese college students: The mediating role of shyness and social self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 89–95.

    Lin, J. C.-C. (2007). Online stickiness: its antecedents and effect on purchasing intention. Behaviour & Information Technology, 26(6), 507–516.

    Liu, C.-Y., & Yu, C.-P. (2013). Can Facebook use induce well-being? Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(9), 674–8.

    Liu, D., & Brown, B. B. (2014). Self-disclosure on social networking sites, positive feedback, and social capital among Chinese college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 213–219.

    Lönnqvist, J., & Itkonen, J. V. a. (2014). It ’ s all about Extraversion : Why Facebook friend count doesn ’ t count towards well-being, 53, 64–67.

    Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855.

    Manago, A. M., Taylor, T., & Greenfield, P. M. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of college students’ Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 369–380.

    McGuire, S., Manke, B., Saudino, K. J., Reiss, D., Hetherington, E. M., & Plomin, R. (1999). Perceived competence and self-worth during adolescence: a longitudinal behavioral genetic study. Child Development.
    Mead, G. H. (1913). The social self. The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, 10(14), 374–380.

    Miller Smedema, S., Catalano, D., & Ebener, D. J. (2010). The relationship of coping, self-worth, and subjective well-being: A structural equation model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53(3), 131–142.

    Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So, J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(10), 721–7.

    Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 243–249.

    Norris, F. H., & Kaniasty, K. (1996). Received and perceived social support in times of stress: a test of the social support deterioration deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 498–511.

    Oh, H. J., Ozkaya, E., & Larose, R. (2014). How does online social networking enhance life satisfaction? The relationships among online supportive interaction, affect, perceived social support, sense of community, and life satisfaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 69–78.

    Park, N., Jin, B., & Annie Jin, S. A. (2011). Effects of self-disclosure on relational intimacy in Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1974–1983.

    Pelham, B. W., & Swann, W. B. (1989). From self-conceptions to self-worth: on the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 672–680.

    Pew Research Center. (2015). The Demographics of Social Media Users. http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/19/the-demographics-of-social-media-users/
    Accessed Aug. 22, 2015.

    Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: a meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15(2), 187–224.

    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166.

    Ryff, C. D. (1989a). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful ageing. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35–55.

    Ryff, C. D. (1989b). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.

    Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719 –727.

    Sagioglou, C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Facebook’s emotional consequences: Why Facebook causes a decrease in mood and why people still use it. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 359–363.

    Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 127.

    Schiffrin, H., Edelman, A., Falkenstern, M., & Stewart, C. (2010). The associations among computer-mediated communication, relationships, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(3), 299–306.

    Seligman, M. E. (2004). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.

    Shaw, L. H., & Gant, L. M. (2002). In defense of the internet: the relationship between Internet communication and depression, loneliness, self-esteem, and perceived social support. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 5(2), 157–171.

    Sheldon, P. (2008). The Relationship Between Unwillingness-to-Communicate and Students’ Facebook Use. Journal of Media Psychology, 20(2), 67–75.

    Stefanone, M. a, Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2011). Contingencies of self-worth and social-networking-site behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 41–49.

    Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434–445.

    Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. PsycCRITIQUES (Vol. 28).

    Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 48(1), 159–205.

    Toma, C. L. (2013). Feeling Better But Doing Worse: Effects of Facebook Self-Presentation on Implicit Self-Esteem and Cognitive Task Performance. Media Psychology, 16(2), 199–220.

    Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2013). Self-Affirmation Underlies Facebook Use. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(3), 321–331.

    Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is There social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college student’s life satisfaction, trust, and participation1. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4), 875–901.

    Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. Cyberpsychology & Behavior : The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 9(5), 584–590.

    Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983). The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(5), 730–742.

    Wallace, P. (2001). The psychology of the Internet. Cambridge University Press.

    Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3–43.

    Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678–691.

    Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436–455.

    Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177–195.

    Wheeless, L., & Grotz, J. (1976). Conceptualization and measurement of reported self-disclosure. Human Communication Research, 2(4), 338 – 346.

    Wheeless, L. R. (1976). Self‐disclosure and interpersonal solidarity: Measurement, validation, and relationships. Human Communication Research, 3(1), 47–61.

    Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203–220.

    Wilson, W. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67(4), 294–306.

    Wu, J.-J., & Tsang, A. S. L. (2008). Factors affecting members’ trust belief and behaviour intention in virtual communities. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(2), 115–125.

    Yang, H.-L., & Lin, C.-L. (2014). Why do people stick to Facebook web site? A value theory-based view. Information Technology & People, 27(1), 21–37.

    Young, K. (2011). Social Ties , Social Networks and the Facebook Experience. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 9(1), 20 – 34.

    Zhao, S. (2006). Do internet users have more social ties? A call for differentiated analyses of internet use. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(3), 844–862.

    Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.

    Zott, C., Amit, R., & Donlevy, J. (2000). Strategies for value creation in e-commerce: best practice in Europe. European Management Journal, 18(5), 463–475.

    無法下載圖示 本全文未授權公開
    QR CODE