本研究目的在了解高職學生身體意象與運動行為的現況，並探討背景因素、知覺身體規範和身體意象與運動行為的關係。研究母群體為87學年度第一學期就讀於台北市公私立高職學校之日間部學生，以兩階段分層叢集隨機抽樣法，計抽出6所學校18班學生，有效樣本636名。研究工具採結構式問卷，以團體自填問卷方式蒐集資料，施測時間為民國87年12月至88年1月。所得資料以t檢定、皮爾遜積差相關和複迴歸等統計方法進行分析，重要結果如下：
1.背景因素與知覺身體規範方面，66%的研究對象實際BMI值在正常範圍。男女皆期望較實際為瘦的體型，女生比男生顯著期望更瘦的體型；實際愈胖者，期望體型也愈胖，實際與期望體型的差別也愈大。
2.身體意象方面，男女生皆對自身健康狀況的評價最好，男生對外表的評價最差，最重視體能；而女生對外表和體能的評價最差，最注重外表。就身體各部分滿意度而言，男女生同樣對體重的滿意度最差，對健康、臉和體能的滿意度較高。男女相比，男生對外表、體能、健康的評價及身體各部分滿意度均高於女生；女生比男生關注外表和體重，而較不重視體能和健康。至於實際愈胖、實際與期望體型的差距愈大者，對身體各部分滿意度愈差，較為關注體重，尤其女生對外表的評價也愈差。
3.在運動行為方面，三種強度的運動以每週二次最常見；男生在激烈運動的頻率及三種強度的運動時間皆顯著高於女生；男生平均每次運動30～39分鐘，女生則少於20分鐘。男生如自覺有較佳之體能及健康，較重視體能維持者，從事較多休閒時運動行為；而女生如自覺體能狀況愈好及愈重視體能活動者，體育課及休閒時運動行為的表現愈好。
4.本研究架構共可解釋體育課運動行為13.2%的變異量，對男女體育課運動行為分別有8.9%和11.4%的預測力。在休閒時運動行為方面，本研究架構共可釋20.0%的變異量，對男女休閒時運動行為分別有13.6%和14.4%的預測力。整體而言，本研究架構對休閒時運動行為的預測力高於體育課運動行為，且性別上的比較得知，男女之運動行為亦有不同的影響因素存在。
建議應強調個別化而非性別化的教育方針，以改善男女生之運動行為及建立健康的身體意象；發展本土化研究工具及擴大研究的方向和對象，以建構相關的理論架構。

The present study sought to examine whether attitudes towards the body were related to involvement in physical activity for adolescents. A sample of 636 tenth to twelfth grade students were randomly sampled from 6 of the 31 vocational schools in Taipei through two-stage stratified cluster random sampling. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire that examined physical activity behaviors and body attitudes as measured by the revised Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Data was analyzed with Pearson product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Overall, the results indicated that:
(1) 66% respondents had normal mean body mass index (BMI) values. Both males' and females' desired (ideal) BMI values are thinner than their actual BMI values. Females had higher actual/ideal BMI discrepancy than did males. In general, as BMI increased, respondents set higher ideal BMI for themselves, and had higher actual/ideal BMI discrepancy.
(2) In the answers to body image questions, both males and females evaluated themselves most positively in health. Males evaluated themselves most negatively in appearance and placed most importance on physical fitness; Females evaluated themselves most negatively on appearance and physical fitness and placed most importance on appearance. In answers regarding specific body-attributes satisfaction, both males and females tended to be most satisfied with health, face, and fitness, and most dissatisfied with weight. Sex comparisons indicated males evaluated themselves more positively on appearance, fitness, health, and specific body attributes satisfaction than did females; females are more concerned with appearance and weight than did males.
(3) Most males and females engaged in a twice-a-week exercise frequency, engaging in light-to-rigorous intensity physical activities. Males reported a significantly higher exercise intensity and duration than the females. Males usually exercised 30～39 minutes per exercise session. Females usually exercised less than 20 min per exercise session. Males' evaluations of their own physical fitness and health, and concern for fitness were positively correlated with amounts of leisure-time exercise; Females' positive feelings and concerns about fitness were associated with increased amounts of both physical education class and leisure-time exercise.
(4) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the model explained 13.2% of the variance in physical education class exercise behavior. For the males and the females, the explained variance was 8.9% and 11.4%, respectively. The model accounted for 20.0% of the variance in leisure-time exercise behavior. For the males and the females, the explained variance was 13.6% and 14.4%, respectively. The study indicated that there were different determinants of exercise behavior for the different genders.
Implications from the study included helping adolescents establish correct and healthy concepts of body image and encouraging females to exercise more. Recommendations for further study should go towards expanding the research direction and reaching diverse group to generate more information and establish a theoretical framework for exercise behavior and body image.

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