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研究生： 黃加孟
Chia Meng Huang
論文名稱： 以嵌入式系統晶片實現脈搏生理訊號監測系統
Implementing Pulse Physiology Signal Monitoring System Using Embedded System Chip
指導教授： 洪欽銘
Hong, Chin-Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工業教育學系
Department of Industrial Education
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 居家照護 、積體電路 、嵌入式系統晶片 、作業系統 、應用程式 、相似度演算法
英文關鍵詞： Home healthcare, Integrated circuit, Embedded system chip, Operation System, Application program, Similarity algorithm
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：181  下載：16 
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    • 摘要

    醫學技術的提升雖得以治療更多疾病使得社會平均壽命提升，但也產生一些由於年齡老化而衍生的疾病及問題。在過去，死亡原因主要為意外事故及傳染病，但目前已趨向於慢性疾病。由於慢性疾病平時不易觀察，在醫療的療程上也需花費較多的時間，因此為了減少醫療上的資源消耗及往返醫療院所所需花費時間，目前已有越來越多國內外學者投入在居家照護領域。
    在以往的居家照護設備其特色為體積龐大不易攜帶，但在積體電路製程技術的成熟下，這些龐大的照護設備所造成的不便已慢慢獲得解決。嵌入式系統晶片近幾年來發展相當迅速，由於其可內嵌作業系統之特性，使得以設計人性化之相關應用程式以方便使用者操作，同時在擴展上亦相當的便利。因此，本研究以嵌入式系統晶片作為本研究開發系統上之核心。
    資料探勘技術近年來發展迅速，應用資料探勘的技術，可從龐大的資料數據當中，找出可能有助於決策判斷之資訊，目前已應用於許多領域之中。研究指出，人體生理訊號會反映出人體生理概況，因此經由長期的收集人體生理訊號資料，並加以分析，相信可找出引起疾病之病徵，如：生理訊號之變化情形或者生理訊號間之互動關係，做為醫護人員醫療判斷參考更甚者預測用。
    本研究係發展一套可監測人體脈搏訊號之系統，並以資料探勘技術針對所量測到之訊號加以分析。系統整體包含脈搏生理訊號量測電路、嵌入式系統發展平台應用程式設計、脈搏生理訊號顯示頁面設計及脈搏生理訊號相似度演算法設計…等。本研究之研究成果為：經由量測電路所得到之脈搏訊號，透過無線網路傳輸至遠端伺服器之中，所量測之人體脈搏生理訊號圖形及心跳頻率，可動態即時更新顯示於網頁上，目的以使遠處的醫護端可經由網頁為量測者做即時的診斷。最後於遠端伺服器之中，開發一可處理連續資料之脈搏訊號相似度演算法，以比對具有疾病之脈搏與受測者脈搏訊號間之相似度，做為醫療判斷之參考。

    關鍵字：居家照護、積體電路、嵌入式系統晶片、作業系統、應用程式、相似度演算法

    Abstract

    With the promoting of medical technology, average age of humans is gradually extended due to better medical treatment for diseases. However, this promotion and the fast changes of social environment lead to more and more elderly who live alone. Therefore, the main factor of death has gradually changed as the chronic diseases. Troublesome diagnosis of chronic ailments leads to more time consuming in medical treatment. In order to reduce the medical resource consumption and journey to and fro hospital, there are more and more scholars devoted themselves to home healthcare field.
    Considering most of the home healthcare equipments were too big to carry along in the past, but the growth process of making integrated circuit technology had gradually solved the inconvenience. Lately, the embedded system chip developed very fast due to the promotion of IC manufacture techniques. Since the embedded system chip can embed a small scale operation system, it helpful to develop any applications on the system chip. Therefore the research is proposed the idea of implementing pulse biomedical signal monitoring system using embedded system chip.
    The development of data mining techniques had greatly advanced recently. By applying data mining techniques utilized various regions, it’s helpful to acquire useful information from enormous data while making decision. According to the research reports, the physiology signals convey some useful information about individual physiology states. Thus we believe that data mining techniques can analysis the data of physiology signals collected for a long time and we will obtain the symptoms of diseases such as the tendency of variation of physiology signals.
    The entire research includes the circuit of measuring pulse biomedical signal、designing application program based on embedded system development platform、web design for showing the pulse physiology signals and pulse physiology signal of similarity algorithm…etc. The results of research show the pulse physiology signals from measurement circuit transmit to remote server by the wireless devices. Moreover, for remote diagnosis the pulse physiology signals measured show in the webpage and update immediately. In the end, to compare the differences between tester and abnormal pulse for the references of medical judgment, we develop a similarity algorithm for conducting continuous data in the remote server.
    Keyword：Home healthcare、Integrated circuit、Embedded system chip、Operation System、Application program、Similarity algorithm

    目錄 中文摘要...................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.................................................................................................................III 目錄..........................................................................................................................V 表目錄..................................................................................................................VIII 圖目錄.....................................................................................................................IX 第一章 緒論.............................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機..................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的..............................................................................................4 1.3 研究步驟……………………………………………….…………….6 第二章 文獻探討.....................................................................................................8 2.1 脈搏訊號原理.....................................................................................8 2.2 儀表差動放大器...............................................................................10 2.3 高低通濾波器...................................................................................13 2.3.1 Sallen-Key 濾波器原理分析..................................................13 2.3.2 Sallen-Key 低通濾波器..........................................................17 2.3.3 Sallen-Key 高通濾波器..........................................................18 2.4 時間序列分析...................................................................................19 2.4.1 基本時間序列量測方法.........................................................20 2.4.2 最長相同子序列方法(Longest Commom Subsequence) ….21 2.4.3 Agrawal相似序列量測法........................................................21 2.4.4 動態時間變形(Dynamic Time Warping)相似序列量測法...22 2.5時間序列轉換....................................................................................22 2.5.1 Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) ........................22 2.5.2 Symbolic Aggregate approximation (SAX) ..............................23 2.5.3 傅利葉轉換(Discrete Fourier Transform) ...............................23 第三章 系統設計與實作…………………………….........................................24 3.1 系統整體架構...................................................................................24 3.2 系統開環環境及開發工具...............................................................26 3.2.1 嵌入式系統開發平台............................................................26 3.2.2 8051單晶片.............................................................................27 3.2.3 感測器…………………………………………....................28 3.2.4 Linux作業系統........................................................................29 3.3 硬體電路設計...................................................................................29 3.3.1 儀表差動放大電路................................................................30 3.3.2 高低通濾波器........................................................................30 3.3.3 電壓箝位電路........................................................................33 3.3.4 A/D轉換電路與8051單晶片實現串列傳輸..........................34 3.4 Linux串列傳輸設定..........................................................................35 3.5 脈搏訊號於網頁呈現......................................................................37 3.6 時間序列相似度比較......................................................................39 3.6.1資料維度縮減..........................................................................39 3.6.2餘弦相似度(Cosine Similarity Measure) and 漢明距離(Hamming Distance)相似度演算法.................................................41 第四章 系統實驗結果.............................................................................45 4.1 前端訊號處理電路實驗結果...........................................................46 4.2 嵌入式系統晶片串列傳輸實驗結果............................................. 47 4.3 後端網頁伺服器架設實驗結果.......................................................48 4.3.1 脈搏訊號圖形.......................................................................49 4.3.2 心跳頻率計算.......................................................................50 4.4 脈搏相似度分析實驗結果...............................................................52 第五章 結論……………………………………………………………………58 參考文獻.....................................................................................................61 表目錄 表2-1 脈波諧振波與人體內臟對應關係...............................................................8 表2-2 分析時間序列可能存在問題.....................................................................20 表3-1 MLT1010 Pulse Transducer規格.................................................................29 表3-2 c_cflag結構成員設定…………..….…………………………………….36 表3-3 c_iflag結構成員設定…………………………..…………………………37 表3-4 c_cc結構成員設定……………………………………………….……….37 表3-5 常態分佈之切點……………..……………………………….…….…….41 表4-1 圖4-19生理脈搏訊號轉為符號型態結果…………….………....…..….54 表4-2 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度計算結果…….…………..........….54 表4-3 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度加入漢明距離計算結果...........….54 表4-4 圖4-22生理脈搏訊號轉為符號型態結果…………….………....…..….57 表4-5 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度計算結果…….…………....…..….57 表4-6 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度加入漢明距離計算結果...........….57 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖...................................................................................................6 圖2-1 脈博波型模型...............................................................................................9 圖2-2 差動放大器.................................................................................................10 圖2-3 差動放大器.................................................................................................11 圖2-4 Sallen-Key-Filter..........................................................................................13 圖2-5 Sallen-Key-Filter..........................................................................................13 圖2-6 Sallen-Key Filter增益方塊圖.....................................................................15 圖2-7 Sallen-Key低通濾波器...............................................................................18 圖2-8 Sallen-Key高通濾波器...............................................................................19 圖2-9 未經PAA原始序列資料............................................................................22 圖2-10 經PAA後序列資料..................................................................................23 圖2-11 SAX示意圖...............................................................................................23 圖3-1 系統整體架構..............................................................................................26 圖3-2 XScale PXA255嵌入式系統開發平台........................................................27 圖3-3 8051單晶片外觀圖.......................................................................................28 圖3-4 8051單晶片內部功能方塊圖.......................................................................28 圖3-5 MLT1010 Pulse Transducer..........................................................................29 圖3-6 儀表差動放大器電路................................................................................30 圖3-7 Sallen-Ken低通濾波電路.............................................................................32 圖3-8 OrCAD Pspice 模擬Sallen-Key低通濾波器頻率響應圖..........................32 圖3-9 Sallen-Key高通濾波電路.............................................................................33 圖3-10 OrCAD Pspice模擬Sallen-Key高通濾波器頻率響應圖..........................33 圖3-11 電壓箝位電路............................................................................................34 圖3-12 A/D轉換電路與單晶片串列傳輸電路......................................................35 圖3-13 A/D轉換電路與單晶片串列傳輸電路接線圖..........................................35 圖3-14 心跳頻率計算流程圖................................................................................39 圖3-15 時間序列角度變化....................................................................................42 圖4-1 系統整體開發環境......................................................................................45 圖4-2 前端訊號處理電路、類比數位轉換、串列傳輸及嵌入式系統開發平台............................................................................................................................46 圖4-3 感測器之輸出訊號......................................................................................47 圖4-4 經儀表差動放大電路之輸出訊號..............................................................47 圖4-5 經低高通濾波器之輸出訊號.................................................................... .47 圖4-6 經電壓箝位電路之輸出訊號.................................................................... .47 圖4-7 Linux minicom調試工具觀察串列傳輸......................................................48 圖4-8 脈搏生理訊號頁面......................................................................................48 圖4-9 脈搏生理訊號圖形......................................................................................49 圖4-10 圖4-9後四秒之脈搏生理訊號圖形..........................................................49 圖4-11 原始數據圖形............................................................................................50 圖4-12 微分後之數據斜率圖形............................................................................50 圖4-13 斜率平方後之圖形....................................................................................50 圖4-14 經時間平均濾波器之圖形........................................................................50 圖4-15 保留基準點2/3以上之圖形.......................................................................51 圖4-16 斜率轉折點圖形........................................................................................51 圖4-17 演算法最後所呈現之圖形........................................................................51 圖4-18 脈搏生理訊號顯示頁面與示波器畫面....................................................52 圖4-19 單一個體在不同四個時間點脈搏生理訊號圖形................................53 圖4-20 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號取斜率後圖形....................................................53 圖4-21 圖4-20脈搏生理訊號斜率經正規化後處理之圖形............................54 圖4-22 五個體的一週期脈搏生理訊號圖形....................................................55 圖4-23 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號取斜率後圖形....................................................56 圖4-24 圖4-23脈搏生理訊號斜率經正規化後處理之圖形............................56

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