在高技術產業的競爭激烈的環境，研發人員的工作投入和生涯的承諾是保持和提升競爭力非常必要也涉及到個人特質，本研究基於個人與組織的適配度，主要探討科技業研發人員的正向心態和成就動機與其在本職工作的投入參與和職業承諾。問卷發放在兩間科技業公司的臺北總部，共計發出400份，扣除填答遺漏缺失者及無效問卷14份，計有回收386份有效問卷，透過驗證性因素與結構方程建模分析。驗證本研究以下研究結論:
一、科技業研發人員正向心態、成就動機及工作投入的三種類型（心智、情感、行為）和生涯發展信心的程度高於平均水平
二、科技業研發人員的正向心態和成就動機的呈正相關，影響三種工作投入的類型
三、科技業研發人員的三種工作投入的類型與生涯發展信心呈正相關
根據以上結果本研究歸納如下幾點建議提供最為後續研究參考:
一、對科技業研發人員的建議
二、對科技業領導管理者的建議
三、對後續研究的建議

In highly competitive environment of high technology industry, the job engagement and career commitment of R&D workers are very essential to maintain and promote the competitive strength. To understand this issue related to individual traits, this study based on person-organizaiton fit theory to mainly explore how the positive affect and achievement motivation related to their job engagement and career commitment of R&D personnels in the science and technology industry. Questionnaires were distributed the use of online email of R &D workers in two ODM (original design manufacturer) companies located at northern Taipei. In total, 400 copies were returned, and 14 invalid questionnaires were deleted. Data of 386 validated the analysis of confirmatory factor with structure equation modeling. The results of this study revealed that:
The level of positive affect, avhievement motivation, three typs of job engagement (i.e., behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement), and career commitment of R&D personnels in the science and technology industry were all above the average.Positive affect and avhievement motivation of R&D personnels were positively related to their three types of job engagement in the science and technology industry.Three types of job enagement of R&D personnels were positively related to their career commitment.
Finally, according to the results of this study, the implication showed that managers of R&D divisions can select those employees with high level of positive affect or achievement motivation to ensure them will work longer in relation to R&D job.

一、中文文獻
丁于真（2007）。新舊世代成就動機對工作投入與工作滿足之影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所，高雄市。
丁永斌，王璀璨、王文文（2017）。理工類高校博士研究生幸福感情況探究 - 基於北京航空航天大學的調查。北京航空航天大學學報，社會科學版，30（3），103-108。
文吉、侯平平（2018）。酒店一線員工情緒智力與工作滿意度：基於組織支持感的兩階段調節作用。南開管理評論，21（1），146-158。
方冠雅（2000）。醫院護理人員工作投入相關變項之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。長庚大學，桃園縣。
王美慧（2011）。國小教師成就動機與工作投入間關係之研究：以工作家庭衝突、社會支持為干擾變項（未出版之碩士論文）。義守大學，高雄市。
朱璋龍（2018）。職教教師職業心態對工作場所學習投入和成效的影響研究。華東師範大學。
朴英培、黃俊英、郭崑謨（1990）。工作價值觀、領導型態、工作滿足與組織關係之研究-以韓國電子業為例。管理評論，9，53-87。
余慧君（2000）。以性別角色態度、生活型態、工作投入之角度探討女性經理人工作與家庭之調適（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
吳玉琦（2016）。國民小學課後照顧教師組織支持對工作投入影響之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
吳炎璐。（2018）。主管領導風格與部屬成就動機對工作績效之影響性研究-以F銀行為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄大學，高雄市。
吳昱禎（2011）。員工生涯規劃，工作投入與離職傾向的關係：以某半導體公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
李永宏（2014）。管理型態與內在價值觀對於員工工作投入與滿意度影響之研究－以中國大陸員工為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園縣。
李欣玲、劉廷揚（2016）。一種強化敬業的方法： 層級化調節焦點途徑。文官培訓學刊，1（2），65-105。
汪君瑜（譯）（2006）。CHANGE思考轉向，世界變不同！。臺北市：三采文化。
杜璿、邱國棟（2019）。組織創新氛圍對員工創新行為的影響 - 創新自我效能感和心理涉入的雙重中介效應。財經論叢，245（4），92-103。
周進南（2017）。遼寧省企業員工核心積極人格特質實證研究。遼寧大學。
周慧珍、羅新興、許金田（2005）。個體的成就動機與工作負荷對知覺主管支持與離職傾向關係的干擾作用。企業經營管理研討會，桃園市。
林宛姿（2014）。主管支持，員工工作敬業心與工作績效關係之研究：跨層次驗證。輔仁大學，新北市。
林昆慶、吳青駿（2018）。年薪破百萬好難熬！科技業平均年資短專家點破關鍵。三立新聞網。取自：https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=377125
林英顏（2004）。員工工作投入，工作壓力與休閒需求關係之研究。中國文化大學，臺北市。
林貞佑（1999）。領導型態、成就動機及其配適對內部服務品質的影響-以臺灣地區唱片公司企劃、宣傳人員為例（未出版之碩士論文）。銘傳大學，臺北市。
林淑惠（2011）。自我價值與個人成就動機在網路霸凌知覺之研究-以高科技產業職場為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
邱奕光（2002）。國民小學啟智班教師成就動機、學校組織氣氛知覺與其工作投入關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
金樹人（1986）。生計發展理論的新大陸-生計發展的認知發展理論。諮商與輔導，5，24-28。
建財（2008）。世界500強企業頂尖選人之道。中國經濟出版社。
洪蘭（譯）（1999）。教孩子學習樂觀（原作著：Martin Seligman）。臺北市：遠流出版社。
胡少楠、王詠（2014）。工作投入的概念、測量、前因與後效。心理科學進展，22（12），1975-1984。
翁招玉（2010）。成人教育志工工作價值、工作投入、工作滿足與組織承諾關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立中正大學，嘉義縣。
財團法人國家政策研究基金會（2007）。高科技產業與人才創新-臺灣模式與經驗。2018年10月16日，取自：https：//www.npf.org.tw/2/1732
高慧如（2007）。桃園縣偏遠地區國民小學教師工作投入與留任意願關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。輔仁大學，新北市。
常雅珍（2005）。國小情意教育課程：正向心理學取向。新北市：心理出版社。
張智傑（2017）。為『誰』辛苦為『誰』忙?職場中個我取向與主管取向成就動機之量表建立及中介效果檢驗（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。
張春興（2004）。教育心理學—三化取向的理論與實踐。臺北市：東華。
許南雄（2014）。生涯發展－生涯規劃‧發展‧管理與願景。臺北市：商鼎數位。
許建民（2017）。SBL現場觀賞刺激來源量表發展與驗證。體育學報，50（1），83-94。
郭淑珍（2010）。正向心理學的意涵與學習上的應用。銘傳教育電子期刊，2，56-72。
陳郁汝（2005）。行政人員自我導向學習能力，工作投入與學校行政效能之研究。學校行政，1（35），17-32。
陳建瑋、林啟賢、林美華（2017）。心理資本在運動領域之運用。運動研究，26（1），39-55。
陳盈成（2001）。分紅入股滿意度、工作投入、工作滿意度、工作壓力與離職傾向之相關研究。國立交通大學，新竹市。
陳陽（2006）。人力資源工作者角色任務、專業承諾與工作績效之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。中央大學人力資源管理研究所，桃園縣。
陸洛、高旭繁、張妤玥、陳佳雯、林惠彥（2012）。管理心理學：提升管理效能與品質。新北市：前程文化。
彭郁芬（2002）。組織政治行為對成員工作投入之影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
曾文志（2006）。活出生命的價值-正向心理學的認識。師友月刊，1（464），1-7。
黃金旭（2003）。室內設計業者個人屬性、職業成熟、成就動機與工作滿足之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。中原大學，桃園縣。
黃美娟、邱科、包睿、莊海山、鮑斯、羅嘉莉、王心旺。（2018）。全科醫學生職業信心現狀研究。中國全科醫學，21（25），3123-3127。
楊荊生（2005）。正向思考與生命關懷。教育部第二梯次提升大學基礎教育計畫。開拓生命關懷視野，提升全方位人文素養：思維、詮釋、表達的新向度學習研討會，萬能科技大學。
楊舒雯（2019）。臺中市立國民中學兼任行政教師 工作適應與留任意願關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺中教育大學，臺中市。
楊惠玲（2005）。技專校院臨床實習指導教師工作自我效能與工作投入之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北護理學院，臺北市。
樓欣美（2003）。員工變革認知、人格特質對工作態度之影響-以教育訓練為干擾變項（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
潘俊琳（2011）。正向思考。臺北市：經濟日報。
蔡明田、余明助（2000）。企業文化、組織生涯管理與組織績效之關係研究-以臺灣高科技產業為例。管理評論，19（3），51-75。
蔡玟育（2018）。保全人員工作生活品質與組織承諾之研究-以A半導體公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄大學，高雄市。
蔡國華（2002）。地方新聞記者與消息來源互動關係探討：以新竹市府會新聞路線為例（未出版之碩士論文）。世新大學，臺北市。
鄧雲（2018）。基於成就動機理論的企業轉型中戰略執行力探討。特區經濟，5，151-153。
鄭呈皇（2006）。正面思考的威力。臺北市：商周。
鍾芳榮（2004）。探討知識工作者內外控人格特質、工作投入、工作滿足及離職傾向之影響關係（未出版之碩士論文）。東吳大學，臺北市。
羅新興、周慧珍（2006）。組織成員知覺主管支持對其離職傾向之影響－探討工作負荷與成就動機之干擾作用。人力資源管理學報，6，67-80。
蘇郁嵐、陳李綢 （2007）。國中社會地位、合作競爭對其英語科學業成就、社會焦慮、成就動機及其歸因風格之影響。教育心理學報，39，111-127。
蘋果日報（2018）。高薪飯碗難捧 科技業離職快。2018年10月16日，取自：https://tw.appledaily.com/finance/daily/20180420/37991153
 
二、英文文獻
Arkoff, A. (1968). Adjustment and mental health (pp. 943-944). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Aryee, S., & Leong, C. C. (1991). Career orientations and work outcomes among industrial R and D professionals. Group and Organization Studies, 16(2), 193-205.
Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An introduction to motivation. New York, NY: Van Nostrand.
Atkinson, J. W. (Eds.). (1983). Personality, motivation, & action. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Barlow, D.H., Allen, L.B., & Choate, M.L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 205–230.
Castellano, E., Muñoz-Navarro, R., Toledo, M. S., Spontón, C., & Medrano, L. A. (2019). Cognitive processes of emotional regulation, burnout and work engagement. Psicothema, 31(1), 73-80.
Chiaradonna, A. (2017). Staying relevant: Managing yourself and your career. Retrieved from https://stage.ivyexec.com/career-advice/2017/staying-relevant-managing-career/
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cramer, K. D., & Wasiak, H. (2006). Change the way you see everything through asset-based thinking. New York, NY: Running Press Adult.
Cuieford, J. P. (1965). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education. New York, NY:: McGraw-Hill.
Curtiss, J., Fulford, D., Hofmann, S. G., & Gershon, A. (2019). Network dynamics of positive and negative affect in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 249, 270-277.
Davis, C. G., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: Two construals of meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 561.
DeCenzo, D. A., Robbins, S. P., & Verhulst, S. L. (2013). Fundamentals of human resource management (10th ed.). New York, NY: John & Wiley.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., De Jonge, J., Janssen, P. P. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). Burnout and engagement at work as a function of demands and control. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 27(4), 279-286.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542.
Ellsworth, P. C., & Smith, C. A. (1988). Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating pleasant emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 2(4), 301-331.
Foulk, T. A., Lanaj, K., & Krishnan, S. (2019). The virtuous cycle of daily motivation: Effects of daily strivings on work behaviors, need satisfaction, and next-day strivings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(1), 1-18
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston, MA: Houghton.
Frankl, V. E. (1969). The will to meaning. New York, NY: New American Library.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C.A, (2001). Positive emotions. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonnano (Eds.), Emotion: Current issues and future developments (pp. 123-151). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought‐action repertoires. Cognition & Emotion, 19(3), 313-332.
Galles, J., Lenz, J., Peterson, G. W., & Sampson Jr, J. P. (2019). Mindfulness and decision‐making style: Predicting career thoughts and vocational identity. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(1), 77-91.
Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Ocampo, A. C., Wang, L., & Tang, R. L. (2019). Role modeling as a socialization mechanism in the transmission of career adaptability across generations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 111, 39-48.
Gilley, J. W., Eggland, S. A., & Gilley, A. M. (2002). Principles of human resource development. Cambridge, England: Persrus Books.
Ginzberg, E., Ginsbrug, S. W., Axelrad, S., & Herma, J. L. (1951). Occupational choice: An approach to general theory. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Gjesme, T., & Nygard, R. (1970). Achievment-related motives: Theoretical considerations and construction of a measuring instrument (Unpublished report). University of Oslo.
Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. (2004). Using SPSS for windows and macintosh: analyzing and understanding data (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Greenan, J. P. (1994). Relationship between self-concept and self-ratings of students in vocational programs. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 31(2), 94-110.
Groening, C., & Binnewies, C. (2019). “Achievement unlocked!”-The impact of digital achievements as a gamification element on motivation and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 151-166.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). London, UK: Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition. London, UK: Pearson Education.
Helmreich, R. L., & Spence, J. T. (1978). Achievement motivation and scientific attainment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 222-226.
Holland, J. L. (1973). Making vocational choices: A theory of careers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Huang, W., Yuan, C., & Li, M. (2019). Person-job fit and innovation behavior: Roles of job involvement and career commitment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1134.
Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions: Emotions, personality, and psychotherapy. New York, NY: PlenumPress.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341-349.
Kidwell, B., Hardesty, D. M., Murtha, B. R., & Sheng. S. (2011). Emotional intelligence in marketing exchanges. Journal of Marketing, 75(1), 78−95.
Krumboltz, J. D. (1994). Potential value of the career beliefs inventory. Journal of Counseling and Development, 72, 432-433.
Kulkarni, V., & Dave, B. (2019). Validation of scale for job related factors affecting achievement motivation. Sumedha Journal of Management, 8(1), 106-119.
Lerner, J.S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 473–493.
Lewis, M. (1993). Self-conscious emotions: Embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt, [w:] M. Lewis, JM Haviland (red.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 563-573). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Lodahl, T., & Kejner, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33.
MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008a). Engaged in engagement: We are delighted we did it. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 76-83.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008b). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Mauss, I. B., & Robinson, M.D. (2009). Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 209–237.
McClelland, D. C. (1953). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40(7), 812-825.
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological methods, 7, 64-82.
McDonald, K. S., & Hite, L. M. (2005). Reviving the relevance of career development. Human Resource Development Review, 4, 418-439.
Mitchell, L. K., &; Krumboltz, J. D. (1984). Social learning approach to career decision making: Krumboltz's theory. In D. Brown, &; L. Brooks (Eds.), Career Choice and Development (pp. 145-196). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Mohd Adnan, S. N. S., & Valliappan, R. (2019). Communicating shared vision & leadership styles towards enhancing performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2018-0183
Mulaik, S. A. (2009). Linear causal modeling with structural equations. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Nasir, N., Halimatussakdiah, H., Suryani, I., Zuhra, S. E., Armia, S., & Mahdani, M. (2019, January). How intrinsic motivation and innovative work behavior affect job performance. In 1st Aceh Global Conference (AGC 2018). Atlantis Press.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Davis, C. G. (2002). Positive responses to loss: Perceiving benefits and growth (pp. 598-606). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Nunnally, J. C .(1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw- Hill.
Okaforcha, C., & Okeke, N. I. (2019). Extent of principals’ human resource management practices for teachers’ job involvement in secondary schools in Anambra State. African Research Review, 13(2), 145-155.
Ouweneel, L., M. Le Blanc, P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). Do‐it‐yourself: An online positive psychology intervention to promote positive emotions, self‐efficacy, and engagement at work. Career Development International, 18(2), 173−195.
Peñalver, J., Salanova, M., Martínez, I. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2019). Happy-productive groups: How positive affect links to performance through social resources. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(3), 377-392.
Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635.
Ringle, C. M. (2004). Gütemaße für den partial least squares -- ansatz zur bestimmungvon kausalmodellen (Industrielles management arbeitspapier Nr. 16). Hamburg, Germany: Universität Hamburg.
Salessi, S., & Omar, A. (2019). Job Involvement in current research: Update and state of the art. Papeles del psicologo, 40(1), 46-56.
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012), “Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80 (3), 661-673.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 10-24). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Segars, A. H., & Grover, V. (1998). Strategic information systems planning success: An investigation of the construct and its measurement. MIS quarterly, 139-163.
Seligman, M. E. (1991). Learned optimism. New York, NY: AA Knopf.
Seligman, M. E. (1998). What is the good life. APA Monitor, 29(10), 2.
Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 2(1), 3-12.
Shockley, K. M., Ureksoy, H., Rodopman, O. B., Poteat, L. F., & Dullaghan, T. R. (2016). Development of a new scale to measure subjective career success: A mixed‐methods study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 128-153.
Sigel, I. E. (1985). A conceptual analysis of beliefs. In I. E. Sigel (Ed.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (pp. 345-371). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Singh, R., Zhang, Y., Wan, M., & Fouad, N. A. (2018). Why do women engineers leave the engineering profession? The roles of work–family conflict, occupational commitment, and perceived organizational support. Human Resource Management, 57(4), 901-914.
Singhal, H., & Rastogi, R. (2018). Psychological capital and career commitment: the mediating effect of subjective well-being. Management Decision, 56(2), 458-473.
Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications. Cambridge, MA: Academic press
Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1983). Achievement-related motives and behavior. U JT Spence (Ed.) Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches (pp. 10-74). San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Staniewski, M. W., & Awruk, K. (2019). Entrepreneurial success and achievement motivation–A preliminary report on a validation study of the questionnaire of entrepreneurial success. Journal of Business Research,101, 433-440.
Super, D. E. (1976). Career education and the meaning of work. Monographs on career education. Washington, DC: The Office of Career Education, U.S. Office of Education.
Super, D. E. (1986). Life career roles: Self-realization in work and leisure. Career Development in Organizations (pp. 95–119). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Wigfield, A., & Gladstone, J. R. (2019). What does expectancy-value theory have to say about Motivation and Achievement in times of change and Uncertainty? In motivation in education at a time of global change: theory, research, and implications for practice (pp. 15-32). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Woo, H. R. (2018). Personality traits and intrapreneurship: The mediating effect of career adaptability. Career Development International, 23(2), 145-162
Yamashita, M., & Uenoyama, T. (2006). Boundaryless career and adaptive HR practices in Japan’s hotel industry. Career Development International, 11(3), 230-242.
Yeh, C. M. (2019). The relationship between tourism involvement, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel industry. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 25(1), 75-93.
Žunac, A. G., Buntak, K., & Tišler, P. (2019). Size of a company and its impact on perception of intangible motivation. International Journal for Quality Research, 13(1), 3-12.
Zunker, V. G. (1994). Career Counseling: Applied concepts of life planning (4nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.