研究生: |
李宜蓁 Yi-Chen Lee |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
南非多肉植物 Anacampseros rufescens 在逆境下葉部花青素與葉綠素濃度與光合作用生理的關係 Possible Ecophysiological Role of Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Leaves of the South African Succulent Anacampseros rufescens (Portulacaceae) under Stress |
指導教授: |
林登秋
Lin, Teng-Chiu |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2013 |
畢業學年度: | 101 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 51 |
中文關鍵詞: | 花青素 、缺水 、光保護作用 、葉綠素螢光 |
英文關鍵詞: | anthocyanin, drought, photoprotection, chlorophyll concentration |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:180 下載:14 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
花青素是一種水溶性黃酮類色素,廣泛分布在許多的植物組織而表現出紅或紫等顏色。花青素曾被認為是不具功能的次級代謝物,然而近年來的研究顯示,花青素可以影響植物反應及調適環境逆境的能力。本研究檢測葉花青素濃度與南非沙漠多肉植物Anacampseros rufescens (Harv.) Sweet調適逆境的關係。實驗處理為讓植物生長在高低光及有無缺水環境,透過實驗探討以下三個問題: 1、不 同光度如何影響A. rufescens上下表皮花青素的濃度。2、花青素在光保護作用中所扮演的角色。3、缺水如何影響A. rufescens葉中花青素的濃度與其光保護作用的潛力。
研究結果顯示,生長在高光環境中的植物,花青素濃度與葉綠素螢光值有顯著正相關,但在低光環境則無顯著相關性。缺水處理後,高低光生長的植物花青素及葉綠素濃度無顯著改變。然而在低光生長的植物,最大光化學效率(Fv/Fm)下降,惟下降幅度微小。
總結來說,在高光環境生長的植物其花青素可能有光保護作用,本研究結果無法支持一些研究所指花青素在植物耐缺水所扮演的作用。本實驗結果有助於釐清沙漠多肉植物葉中的花青素所扮演的角色,且有助於了解其在南非沙漠的生物學與生態學特性。
Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments, often having a red or purple color, that occurs in many plant tissues. Although this pigment was originally considered a metabolic waste product, contemporary research has indicated that anthocyanins can significantly influence plant responses and adaptations to environmental stress. This study examined the relationship between leaf anthocyanin concentration and plant responses to environmental stress in the South African desert succulent Anacampseros rufescens (Harv.) Sweet. Plants were grown at high and low light levels under watered and drought treatments. Questions addressed by this study include: 1. How does light level during growth affect the anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentrations of the abaxial and adaxial halves of the leaves of A. rufescens? 2. What is the role of anthocyanin in photoprotection in the leaves of A. rufescens? 3. How does drought stress affect the anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentrations and potential photoprotection in the leaves A. rufescens?
Anthocyanin concentrations positively correlated with light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence in plants grown under high light. This, however, was not true for plants grown under low light. In the drought treatment, anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentrations in the high light and low light -treated plants were not affected by the drought treatment. In the low light treatment, however, Fv/Fm declined after drought, although the decline was small.
In summary, the results of this study indicate that anthocyanin likely has a photoprotective function for plants under a high light environment. A specific role of anthocyanin in drought tolerance as reported by several studies was not supported by this study. The results of this study help to clarify a photoprotective role of anthocyanin in leaves of a desert succulent and provide ecophysiological insight into the ecology and biology of this South African desert species.
Alexieva, V., I. Sergiev, S. Mapelli, and E. Karanov. 2001. The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 24:1337-1344.
Bahler, B. D., K. L. Steffen, and M. D. Orzolek. 1991. Morphological and biochemical comparison of a purple-leafed and a green-leafed pepper cultivar. HortScience 26:736.
Bjorkman, O. 1981. Responses to different quantum flux densities. Pages. 57-107 in OL Lange, PS Nobel, CB Osmond, H Ziegler, editors. Physiological Plant Ecology, Vol. I. Responses to the physical environment. Springer, Berlin. .
Björkman, O. and S. Powles. 1984. Inhibition of photosynthetic reactions under water stress: interaction with light level. Planta 161:490-504.
Boardman, N. K. 1977. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 28: 355-377.
Bowler, C., G. Neuhaus, H. Yamagata, and N.-H. Chua. 1994. Cyclic GMP and calcium mediate phytochrome phototransduction. Cell 77:73-81.
Burger, J. and G. E. Edwards. 1996. Photosynthetic efficiency, and photodamage by uv and visible radiation, in red versus green leaf coleus varieties. Plant and Cell Physiology 37:395-399.
Caldwell, M. M., S. D. Flint, and P. S. Searles. 1994. Spectral balance and UV-B sensitivity of soybean: a field experiment. Plant, Cell and Environment 17:267-276.
Chalker-Scott, L. 1999. Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochemistry and Photobiology 70:1-9.
Close, D. and C. Beadle. 2003. The ecophysiology of foliar anthocyanin. The Botanical Review 69:149-161.
Constable, G. A. and H. M. Rawson. 1980. Effect of leaf position, expansion, and age on photosynthesis, transpiration, and water use efficiency of cotton. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 7:89-100.
Curtis, J. D., N. R. Lersten, and G. P. Lewis. 1996. Leaf anatomy, emphasizing unusual ‘concertina’ mesophyll cells, of two east African legumes (caesalpinieae, caesalpinioideae, leguminosae). Annals of Botany 78:55-59.
DeLucia, E. H., T. A. Day, and T. C. Vogelman. 1992. Ultraviolet-B and visible light penetration into needles of two species of subalpine conifers during foliar development. Plant, Cell and Environment 15:921-929.
Demmig-Adams, B., W. W. Adams Iii, D. H. Barker, B. A. Logan, D. R. Bowling, and A. S. Verhoeven. 1996. Using chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the fraction of absorbed light allocated to thermal dissipation of excess excitation. Physiologia Plantarum 98:253-264.
Demmig-Adams, B. and W. W. Adams. 1992. Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 43:599-626.
Drumm-Herrel, H. and H. Mohr. 1982. Effect of blue/UV light on anthocyanin synthesis in tomato seedlings in the absonce of bulk carotenoids. Photochem. Photobiol. 36:229-233.
Efeoğlu, B., Y. Ekmekçi, and N. Çiçek. 2009. Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery. South African Journal of Botany 75:34-42.
Feild, T. S., D. W. Lee, and N. M. Holbrook. 2001. Why leaves turn red in autumn. The role of anthocyanins in senescing leaves of red-osier dogwood. Plant Physiology 127:566-574.
Furuta, K. 1986. Host preference and population-dynamics in an autumnal population of the maple aphid, periphyllus-californiensis shinji (homoptera, aphididae). Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie 102:93-100.
Giusti, M. M., L. E. Rodríguez-Saona, and R. E. Wrolstad. 1999. Molar absorptivity and color characteristics of acylated and non-acylated pelargonidin-based anthocyanins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47:4631-4637.
Gould, K. S. 2004. Swiss army knife: the diverse protective roles of anthocyanins in leaves. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004:314-320.
Gould, K. S., K. R. Markham, R. H. Smith, and J. J. Goris. 2000. Functional role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Quintinia Serrata A. Cunn. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:1107-1115.
Gould, K. S., J. McKelvie, and K. R. Markham. 2002. Do anthocyanins function as antioxidants in leaves? Imaging of H2O2 in red and green leaves after mechanical injury. Plant, Cell and Environment 25:1261-1269.
Hsiao, T. C. 1973. Plant responses to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 24:519-570
Hamilton, W. D. and S. P. Brown. 2001. Autumn tree colours as a handicap signal. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 268:1489-1493.
Harborne, J. B. 1965. Flavonoids: distribution and contribution to flower colour. Pages 247–278 in T. W. Goodwin, editor. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments. Academic Press, London.
Harborne, J. B. and C. A. Williams. 2001. Anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Natural Product Reports 18:310-333.
Hipskind, J., K. Wood, and R. L. Nicholson. 1996. Localized stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation and delineation of pathogen ingress in maize genetically resistant to Bipolaris maydis race O. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 49:247-256.
Kooten, O. and J. H. Snel. 1990. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology. Photosynthesis Research 25:147-150.
Krol, M., G. R. Gray, N. P. A. Huner, V. M. Hurry, G. Öquist, and L. Malek. 1995. Low-temperature stress and photoperiod affect an increased tolerance to photoinhibition in Pinus banksiana seedlings. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:1119-1127.
Lee, D. W. 2001. Phylogenetic and ontogenetic influences on the distribution of anthocyanins and betacyanins in leaves of tropical plants. International journal of plant sciences 162:1141.
Lee, D. W. 2002. Anthocyanins in leaves: distribution, phylogeny and development. Advances in Botanical Research 37:37-53.
Leng, P., H. Itamura, and H. Yamamura. 1993. Freezing tolerance of several diospyros species and kaki cultivars as related to anthocyanin formation. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 61:795-804.
Li, J., T. M. Ou-Lee, R. Raba, R. G. Amundson, and R. L. Last. 1993. Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants are hypersensitive to uv-b irradiation. The Plant Cell Online 5:171-179.
Long, S. P., S. Humphries, and P. G. Falkowski. 1994. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45:633-662.
Manetas, Y. 2006. Why some leaves are anthocyanic and why most anthocyanic leaves are red? Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 201:163-177.
Martin, C., R. C. Hsu, and T.-C. Lin. 2010. Sun/shade adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus of Hoya carnosa, an epiphytic CAM vine, in a subtropical rain forest in northeastern Taiwan. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32:575-581.
Maxwell, K. and G. N. Johnson. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:659-668.
Moran, R. 1982. Formulae for determination of chlorophyllous pigments extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide. Plant Physiology 69:1376-1381.
Neill, S. and K. S. Gould. 2000. Optical properties of leaves in relation to anthocyanin concentration and distribution. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1777-1782.
Neill, S. O. and K. S. Gould. 2003. Anthocyanins in leaves: light attenuators or antioxidants? Functional Plant Biology 30:865-873.
Osório, M. L., J. Osório, and A. Romano. 2013. Photosynthesis, energy partitioning, and metabolic adjustments of the endangered Cistaceae species Tuberaria major under high temperature and drought. Photosynthetica 51:75-84.
Page, J. and N. Towers. 2002. Anthocyanins protect light-sensitive thiarubrine phototoxins. Planta 215:478-484.
Pietrini, F. and A. Massacci. 1998. Leaf anthocyanin content changes in Zea mays L. grown at low temperature: Significance for the relationship between the quantum yield of PS II and the apparent quantum yield of CO2 assimilation. Photosynthesis Research 58:213-219.
Sherwin, H. and J. Farrant. 1998. Protection mechanisms against excess light in the resurrection plants Craterostigma wilmsii and Xerophyta viscosa. Plant Growth Regulation 24:203-210.
Smillie, R. M. and S. E. Hetherington. 1999. Photoabatement by anthocyanin shields photosynthetic systems from light stress. Photosynthetica 36:451-463.
Solovchenko, A. 2010. photoprotection in plants : optical screening-based mechanisms. Springer.
Sperdouli, I. and M. Moustakas. 2012. Interaction of proline, sugars, and anthocyanins during photosynthetic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 169:577-585.
Stapleton, A. E. and V. Walbot. 1994. Flavonoids can protect maize dna from the induction of ultraviolet radiation damage. Plant Physiology 105:881-889.
Steyn, W. J., S. J. E. Wand, D. M. Holcroft, and G. Jacobs. 2002. Anthocyanins in vegetative tissues: a proposed unified function in photoprotection. New Phytologist 155:349-361.
Takahashi, A., K. Takeda, and T. Ohnishi. 1991. Light-induced anthocyanin reduces the extent of damage to DNA in uv-irradiated centaurea cyanus cells in culture. Plant and Cell Physiology 32:541-547.
Woodall, G. S. and G. R. Stewart. 1998. Do anthocyanins play a role in UV protection of the red juvenile leaves of Syzygium? Journal of Experimental Botany 49:1447-1450.