研究生: |
蘇霈芯 Su, Pei-Sin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以LINE推播保健品之介面設計探討高齡者線上購物行為 Discussion on the online shopping behavior of the elderly based on the interface design of LINE's promotion of health food |
指導教授: |
梁桂嘉
Liang, Kuei-Chia |
口試委員: |
梁又文
Liang, Yo-Wen 王千睿 Wang, Chien-Jui 梁桂嘉 Liang, Kuei-Chia |
口試日期: | 2023/07/04 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
設計學系 Department of Design |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 156 |
中文關鍵詞: | LINE推播 、介面設計 、高齡者行為 、線上購物 |
英文關鍵詞: | LINE promotion, interface design, behavior of the elderly, online shopping |
研究方法: | 問卷調查法 、 實際觀察法 、 放聲思考法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301184 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:160 下載:48 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
高齡者在生心理上面臨較多的困難,使得日常生活容易受到限制,而可以送貨到指定地點的線上購物能夠減輕行動上的困境,這對高齡者而言是有需求的。然而,高齡者因為缺乏數位科技的背景和技能,而對線上購物介面感到擔憂。因此,設計一個高齡者友善的線上購物介面,對於人口越發老化的社會而言是值得關注的議題。目前LINE是市占率最高的通訊軟體,再加上多數使用智慧型手機的高齡者也有使用LINE的習慣,因此若以高齡者較為熟識的App進行設計,除了開發成本較低,也能增加高齡者的熟悉感、並降低其對新事物的排斥性,未來也將具備更多延伸的可能性。
研究方法分為三階段進行,第一階段透過43份問卷了解高齡者的購物經驗與困擾。第二階段依照這些問卷調查的回饋,設計以LINE介面為主的原型,並邀請21位高齡者操作此原型,藉由實際觀察法以及放聲思考法了解高齡者的行為與思考過程,再以SUS易用性評估及NSP淨推薦值分析,討論高齡者對原型在使用上的整體評價。結果證明以LINE推播為主的線上購物介面對高齡者而言是熟悉的、便利的。另外,根據高齡者線上購物的行為提出以下關於高齡者需求之建議:(一)高齡者需要更多關於保健食品的資訊幫助判斷需求,如(1)推播以圖片加上文字的形式為主。(2)知識型文章的內文字級建議大於18pt,並善用「蛋糕分層模式」、「斑點模式」等方式分類與標記重點。(3)容易找到的「其他人的評論」。(二)需要足夠明顯的回饋提示:(1)以顏色差異或是標題、標號等方式提示所在的位置;(2)透過彈跳視窗或是其他方式告知已加入購物車或完成購物。(三)需要容易設定便利商店與定位的介面:可以利用定位系統等方式協助高齡者找到距離最近的便利商店。(四)需要操作更直覺的訂單查詢與主動性的到貨通知:於訂單完成後於畫面顯示「查看出貨狀況」的按鈕,以便高齡者能夠直覺性的點選以追蹤訂單,而按鈕建議最小長度為290px,寬為55px,按鈕上的字級則建議介於20pt至24pt方便高齡者選按。
The elderly face to more difficulties in physiology and psychology, which makes their daily life easily restricted. Moreover, online shopping that can be delivered to a designated location can alleviate the plight of mobility, which is in demand for the elderly. However, the lack of background and skills in digital technology makes the elderly worry. Therefore, designing an elderly-friendly online shopping interface is an issue worthy of attention in a society with an aging population. Currently, LINE is the most dominant messaging application in terms of market share. Most elderly people who use smartphones also have the habit of using LINE. Therefore, designing an APP that is familiar to the elderly will not only lower the development cost, but also increase the familiarity of the elderly and reduce their rejection of new things.
The research method is divided into three stages. The first stage uses 43 questionnaires to understand the shopping experience and troubles of the elderly. In the second stage, according to the feedback from these questionnaires, a prototype based on the LINE interface was designed, and 21 elderly people were invited to operate the prototype, and the behavior and thinking process of the elderly were understood through actual observation and thinking out loud, and then using System Usability Scale and Net Promoter Score, discussing the overall evaluation of the elderly on the use of the prototype. The result proves that the online shopping interface based on LINE promotion is familiar and convenient for the elderly. In addition, according to the online shopping behavior of the elderly, the following suggestions are put forward regarding the needs of the elderly: (1) More information about health food to assist them in making informed decisions about their needs; (2) Clear and Obvious feedback prompts; (3) User-Friendly Store and Location Settings; (4) Intuitive Order Tracking and Proactive Delivery Notifications.
一、中文參考文獻
王明揚、郭輝明、黃雪玲(2005)。A Study of B2C Consumer Behavior Model B2C消費行爲模式之研究。工業工程學刊,22(5), 379-391。
何昶鴛、林俞君、黃緒瀚、陳銘芷、原友蘭(2013)。智慧型手機使用者如何搜尋旅遊資訊:其行為模式架構建立。觀光旅遊市場研究。2013年第1屆休閒、遊憩、觀光學術研討會暨國際論壇。
何昶鴛、黃緒瀚、原友蘭、陳銘芷(2016)。行動商務消費者之購買決策過程探討: 以選擇餐廳為例。戶外遊憩研究,29(4),103 - 133。
呂雅惠(2002)。銷售天后利菁9分鐘創八千多業績。突破雜誌。
李世忠(1998)。 電腦教學軟體介面設計。台北市:立威出版社。
李海容(1997)。大陸電視購物的點與前景。廣告學研究, 9,87-97。
李雅芳(2021)。南台灣賣藥廣播電台老人卡拉OK現象探究。國立台南藝術大學民族音樂學研究所,台南市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ees756
林詣恆(2021)。高齡使用者購物網站介面設計研究。(未出版碩士論文)。輔仁大學應用美術學系研究所,台北市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3wxn3a
洪櫻純、秦秀蘭、梁慧雯、陳美蘭(2015)。老人學。新北市:揚智文化。
國家政策研究基金會(2018)。老年危機變成銀髮商機。台北市:作者。https://www.npf.org.tw/1/18490
國家發展委員會(2020)。中華民國人口推估(2020至2070年)。台北市:作者。
張光煌、葉玲玲(2022)。高齡者數位產品使用與購買經驗探索研究。福祉科技與服務管理學刊,10(2),88-110。
張睦翎(2006)。影響銀髮族電視購物因素之研究。崑山科技大學企業管理研究所,台中市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/8g92hw
張瀞方(2015)。高齡者網頁介面型式、性別、任務難度與使用性研究。銘傳大學商品設計學系研究所,台北市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/p8y953
莊淑香(2015)。中高齡者對網路購物服務品質之重視度與滿意度之研究。南開科技大學福祉科技與服務管理所,南投縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/yde979
陳貞貴(2021)。中高齡族群行動支付使用流程對於情緒反應與接受度之探討(未出版碩士論文),國立台北商業大學創意設計與經營研究所,台北市。全國博碩士論文資訊網。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/d2c8tb
程千芳、游一龍(2015)。老年心理學:從心裡科學看成功老化。台北市:雙葉書廊。ISBN:978-986-5668-22-8
馮天昱、陳玉華(2015)。社群行銷之網路互動性與訊息論點品質對購買意願的影響效應。資訊傳播研究, 5(2), 47-71。
馮素蘭(2007)。廣播主持人利用情境塑造進行商品銷售之研究。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所,高雄市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/666x94
黃千惠(譯)(2018)。老後行為說明書:解讀父母最需要你了解的16種行為,讓相處和照顧更順利(平松 類)。台北市:商周出版。
黃士明(1999)恐懼性廣告訴求對廣告效果影響之研究。東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,台北市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/czxn43
黃志文(1995)。行銷管理。台北市: 華泰書局。
黃明碧、林金定、陳麗美(2011)。三重地區獨居老人健康狀況及害怕跌倒相關因素調查研究。臺灣老人保健學刊,7(2),135-156。
黃柏勳(2004)。高齡者電腦輸入介面之使用性與效率。國立台北科技大學創新設計研究所,台北市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4wq3e8
黃凱郁(2005)。高齡使用者中文語音介面之階層研究。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系研究所,雲林縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/w4bv6h
葉昌平(2007)。高齡者中文網頁介面之研究。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系碩士班,雲林縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/m4n856
廖榮文(1999)品牌念形象與廣告訴求對廣告果之影響。東吳大學企業管理研究所,台北市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/sd75fe
劉建順(1998)。論廣播廣告的特性與寫作。中國廣告學刊,3,91-111。
劉建順(2015)。現代廣播學。台北市:五南圖輸出反股份有限公司。https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&lr=lang_zh-TW&id=pkhXbGZROUsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%E5%8A%89%E5%BB%BA%E9%A0%86&ots=528W44FA4z&sig=A2khRZvI3uOfJh_aYMFAIXevjZ8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
蔡旺晉(2004)。高齡者產品介面模式之研究。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系研究所,雲林縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/dc76h4
蔣佳餘(2011)。廣播賣藥節目行銷策略與高齡者消費行為之研究。南開科技大學福祉科技與服務管理所,南投縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ch93aw
蕭貴霙(2008)。互動介面設計與評估—以高齡者資訊介面設計為例。長庚大學工業設計研究所,桃園市。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/9zv5p4
謝承志(2004)。高齡者電子化產品介面設計研究。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系研究所,雲林縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/x4x7z6
謝高橋(1994)。老人需求與老人福利措施。社區發展季刊,68,31-34。
簡明哲(2008)。銀髮族網頁設計規範與評估之研究。南開科技大學福祉科技與服務管理所,南投縣。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5y4rx4
閭佳(譯)(2011)。影響力:讓人乖乖聽話的說服術(Robert B. Cialdini.)。台北市:久石文化。
二、英文參考文獻
A. Murata and M. Moriwaka (2008). Usability of Site Map in Web Design - Design of Site Map that is Friendly to Older Adults, Proc. Fourth International Workshop on Computational Intelligence & Applications, 121-126.
A.H. Wang, S.L. Hwang & H.T. Kuo (2012). Effects of bending curvature and ambient illuminance on the visual performance of young and elderly participants using simulated electronic paper displays, Displays, 33 (1), 36-41.
Ashby, F. G., Noble, S., Filoteo, J. V., Waldron, E. M., & Ell, S. W. (2003). Category learning deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology, 17, 115–124.
B. Carpernter & S. Buday (2007). Computer use among older adults in a naturally occurring retirement community. Computers in Human Behavior, 23 (6), 3012-3024.
Bakos, J. Y. (1997). Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces. Management Science, 43 (12), 1676-1692.
Ballantine, P. W., Martin, B. A. S. (2005). Forming parasocial relationships in online communities. Advances in Consumer Research, 32, 197-201.
Bandura (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura (1982). Self-efficacy Mechanism in Human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147
Bangor, A., Kortum, P., & Miller, J. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the System Usability Scale. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 24 (6), 574–594.
Bangor, A., Miller, J. & Kortum, P. (2009). Determining what individual SUS scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale. Journal of Usability Studies, 4 (3), 114–123. Retrieved from http://uxpajournal.org/determining-what-individual-sus-scores-mean-adding-an-adjective-rating-scale/
Bin Ying & Rui Yao (2006). Consumption Patterns of Chinese Elders: Evidence from A Survey in Wuhan, China. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 27, 702–714
Bob Lee, Yiwei Chen & Lynne Hewitt (2011). Age differences in constraints encountered by seniors in their use of computers and the internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1231-1237. ISSN 0747-5632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.01.003.
Caroline J. Ketcham, Rachael D. Seidler, Arend W.A. Van Gemmert & George E. Stelmach (2002). Age-Related Kinematic Differences as Influenced by Task Difficulty, Target Size, and Movement Amplitude. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 57 (1), 54–P64. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.1.P54
Charness, N. & Boot, W. R (2009). Aging and Information Technology Use: Potential and Barriers. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18 (5), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01647.x
Chou, Wen-Huei, Lai, Yu-Ting, Liu & Kuang-Hsia (2013). User requirements of social media for the elderly: a case study in Taiwan. Behaviour & Information Technology. 32 (9), 920-937.
Darroch, I., Goodman, J., Brewster, S., & Gray, P. (2005). The Effect of Age and Font Size on Reading Text on Handheld Computers. Human-Computer Interaction, 3585, 253–266. doi:10.1007/11555261_23
Eisma, R., Dickinson, A., Goodman, J. Syme, A. Tiwari, L. & Newell, A.F. (2004). Early user involvement in the development of information technology-related products for older people. Univ Access Inf Soc, 3, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-004-0092-z
Engel, J. F., Kollat, D. T., & Blackwell, R. D. (1968). Consumer behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Fischer, S.H., David, D., Crotty, B.H., Dierks & M., Safran, C. (2014). Acceptance and use of health information technology by community-dwelling elderly. Int. J. Med. Inform. 83 (9), 624–635.
Galletta, Dennis F., Henry, Raymond M., McCoy, Scott, and Polak, Peter (2006). “When the Wait Isn't So Bad: The Interacting Effects of Website Delay, Familiarity, and Breadth,” Information Systems Research, 17 (1), 20–37.
Guner, H. & Acarturk, C. (2020). The use and acceptance of ICT by senior citizens: a comparison of technology acceptance model (TAM) for elderly and young adults. Univ Access Inf Soc, 19, 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0642-4
Gwizdka, J. (2010). Distribution of cognitive load in web search. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61 (11), 2167-2187.
Hanson, V.L. (2009). Age, and web access: the next generation. P W4A '09: Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A). 7–15. Madrid, Spain. NY: ACM. doi.org/10.1145/1535654.1535658
Harte, R., Glynn, L., Broderick, B., Rodriguez-Molinero, A., Baker, P., McGuiness, B., et al. (2014). Human Centred Design Considerations for Connected Health Devices for the Older Adult. Jpm 4 (2), 245–281. doi:10.3390/jpm4020245
Hawthorn, D. (2000). Possible implications of aging for interface designers. Interacting with Computers, 125, 507–528. doi:10.1016/S0953-5438(99)00021-1
Ho, C. I., Lin, Y. C., Yuan, Y. L., & Chen, M. C. (2015). Tourism information search process of smartphone users: Model development and validation. In The 21st APTA (Asia-Pacific Tourism Association) 2015 International Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: APTA.
Hodes, R. J., and Lindberg, D. A. B. (2009). Making Your Web Site Senior Friendly: A Checklist. National Institute on Aging and the National Library of Medicine. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/106378 (Accessed April 21, 2022).
Hsiao, S.W., & Chou, J. R. (2007). A usability study on human - computer interface for middle-aged learners. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 2040-2063
Huang, M.H. (2000). Information load: its relationship to online exploratory and shopping behavior. International Journal of Information Management, 20, 337-347.
Jakob Nielsen. (2006). F-Shaped Pattern for Reading Web Content (original study). World Leaders in Research-Based User Experience. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content-discovered/
Jeff Sauro. (2014). Software Usability & Net Promoter Benchmarks for 2014. Measuring U. https://measuringu.com/software-benchmarks14/
K. Ishihara, S. Ishihara, M. Nagamachi, H. Osaki & S. Hamamatsu (2004), Independence of older adults in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and the relation of this performance to visual abilities. Theor. Issues in Ergon. Sci., 5, 198-213.
Kara Pernice. (2017). F-Shaped Pattern of Reading on the Web: Misunderstood, But Still Relevant (Even on Mobile). https://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/ (Accessed April 28, 2022).
Kim, & Jong-Jin (2017). The Effects of Elderly (Senior) Buying Factors and Satisfaction on Retailer's Online Shopping. Journal of Distribution Science, 15 (7), 43-52
Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control. (7th Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Kurniawan, S., and Zaphiris, P. (2005). Research-derived Web Design Guidelines for Older People. In Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility, 129–135. doi:10.1145/1090785.1090810 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2021.631241/full#B30
Kurniawan, S.H. (2006). Personalising web page presentation for older people. Interacting with Computers, 18 (3), 457–477. doi: 10.1016/j.intcom.2005.11.006
Larry Constantine & Lucy Lockwood (1999). Software for Use: A Practical Guide to the Models and Methods of Usage-Centered Design. Boston, USA: Addison-Wesley Professional.
Lewis, J. R., Utesch, B. S., & Maher, D. E. (2015). Measuring perceived usability: The SUS, UMUX-LITE, and AltUsability. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(8), 496–505. doi:10.1080/10447318.2015.1064654
Lunn, D., Yesilada, Y. & Harper, S. (2009). Barriers faced by older users on static Web pages: criteria used in the barrier walkthrough method, Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester. (Technical Report). Oxford Road
M. Ervasti, M. Isomursu & I. Idigoras Leibar. (2011). Touch- and audio-based medication management service concept for vision impaired older people, 2011 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technologies and Applications, 244-251. doi: 10.1109/RFID-TA.2011.6068645.
M. Oehl & C. Sutter. (2015). Age-related differences in processing visual device and task characteristics when using technical devices Appl. Ergon., 48, 214-223.
M.K. Cresci & H.N. Yarandi, R.W. (2010). Morrell Pro-nets versus no-nets: Differences in urban older adults’ predilections for internet use. Educational Gerontology, 36 (6), 500-520.
Mallapragada, Girish, Chandukala, Sandeep R., Liu, Qing (2016). Exploring the Effects of “What” (Product) and “Where” (Website) Characteristics on Online Shopping Behavior. Public Policy& Marketing. 80 (2), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0138
Marquiéa, J.C., Jourdan-Boddaerta, N. & Hueta, L. (2002). Do older adults underestimate their actual computer knowledge? Behaviour and Information Technology, 214, 273–280. doi:10.1080/0144929021000020998
Martins, J.M., Yusuf, F., Swanson, D.A. (2011). Age, Preferences and Market Segmentation. In: Consumer Demographics and Behaviour. The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 30, 133-150. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1855-5_9
Maslowska, E., Malthouse, E. C., and Viswanathan, V. (2017). Do customer Reviews Drive Purchase Decisions? the Moderating Roles of Review Exposure and Price. Decis. Support Syst. 98, 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2017.03.010
Mason, Joseph Barry and Smith, Brooks E. (1974), An Exploratory Note on the Shopping Behavior of the Low-Income Senior Citizen, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 4, 204-210.
Milena Head, Norm Archer, Yufei Yuan. (2000). World Wide Web navigation aid. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53 (2), 301-330. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2000.0392.
Millward, P. (2009). The grey digital divide: perception, exclusion, and barriers of access to the Internet for older people. First Monday, 8 (7) http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue8%5f7/millward/index.html
Moutafi, J., Furnham, A., & Crump, J. (2003). Demographic and personality predictors of intelligence: a study using the Neo Personality Inventory and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. European Journal of Personality, 17 (1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.471
N. Charness, E. Bosman. (1990). Twenty-six Human factors, and design. J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 3, 446-463, San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Noble, S. M., Griffith, D. A., & Adjei, M. T. (2006). Drivers of local merchant loyalty: Understanding the influence of gender and shopping motives. Journal of Retailing, 82, 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2006.05.002
O. Bergman, M. Tene-Rubinstein, & J. Shalom. (2013). The use of attention resources in navigation versus search, Pers. Ubiquitous Comput., 17 (3), 583-590.
P. G. Fairweather. (2008). How older and younger adults differ in their approach to problem solving on a complex website, Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility, 67-72. ISBN = 9781595939760
P. Tukkinen. (2015). Understanding Motivations for Using Grocery Shopping Applications, Pervasive Comput. IEEE, 14 (4), 38-44.
Panayiotis Zaphiris, Sri Kurniawan & Mariya Ghiawadwala. (2006). A systematic approach to the development of research-based web design guidelines for older people. Universal Access in the Information Society, 6, 59–75
Po-Chan Yeh. (2020). Impact of button position and touchscreen font size on healthcare device operation by older adults, Heliyon, 6 (6). ISSN = 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04147.
R. Osman and F. Hwang. (2016). A method to study how older adults navigate in an online grocery shopping site.2016 4th International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 247-252. doi: 10.1109/IUSER.2016.7857969.
R. Rosenthal (2008). Older computer–literate women: Their motivations, obstacles, and paths to success. Educational Gerontology, 34, 610-626.
R. Rosenthal. (2008). Older computer–literate women: Their motivations, obstacles, and paths to success. Educational Gerontology, 34, 610-626.
Richard C. Leventhal (1997). Aging consumers and their effects on the marketplace. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 14 (4).
Rozianawaty Osman & Hwang Faustina (2021). E-Commerce Design by Older Adults: The Selection and Placement of Web Objects on Shopping Sites. Front. Comput. Sci, 3. DOI=10.3389/fcomp.2021.631241
S.R. Nyman, L. Yardley (2009). Usability and acceptability of a website that provides tailored advice on falls prevention activities for older people. Health Informatics Journal, 15 (1), 27-39.
Sauro, J. (2011). A practical guide to the System Usability Scale: Background, benchmarks, & best practices. Denver, CO: Measuring Usability LLC.
Selwyn, N. (2004). The information aged: a qualitative study of older adults' use of information and communications technology. Journal of Aging Studies, 18, 369–384. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2004.06.008
Shneiderman (1998),Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. New York: Pearson.
Shoemaker, S. (2003). Acquisition of computer skills by older users: a mixed methods study. Research Strategies, 19, 165–180. doi: 10.1016/j.resstr.2005.01.003
Smith, H. (1997). Support for patients with recent visual impairment. Nursing times, 93 (12), 52-54.
Stover, M. and Zink, S. (1996). World Wide Web home page design: Patterns and anomalies of higher education library home pages. Reference Services Review, 24 (3), 7-20.
Therese Fessenden. (2016). Net Promoter Score: What a Customer-Relations Metric Can Tell You About Your User Experience. World Leaders in Research-Based User Experience. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/nps-ux/
Tim Broady, Amy Chan & Peter Caput. (2010). Comparison of older and younger adults' attitudes towards and abilities with computers: Implications for training and learning, British Journal of Educational Technology, 41, (3), 473-485.
Tognazzini, B. (2014). First Principles of Interaction Design (Revised & expanded). Ask TOG: Interaction Design Solutions for the Real World. https://asktog. com/act/principles-of-interaction-design
Tuch, A. N., Bargas-Avila, J. A., Opwis, K., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2009). Visual Complexity of Websites: Effects on Users' Experience, Physiology, Performance, and Memory. Int. J. Human-Computer Stud. 67 (9), 703–715. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.04.002
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2012). Population Division, Population Ageing and Development. UK:Author.
V. Kangeswaran, D. Vasandarai, C. Eliyas, M. M. M. Munsil, N. Kodagoda & K. Suriyawansa (2021). A Bilingual Audio Based Online Shopping Mobile Application for Visually Impaired and the Elderly People, TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), 658-663. doi: 10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707245.
W.C. Mann, P. Belchior, M.R. Tomita & B.J. Kemp. (2005). Computer use by middle-aged and older adults with disabilities. Technology and Disability, 17, 1-9.
Welford, A.T (1985). Changes of performance with age, in:N. char ness (Eds.), Aging and Human Performance. New York: Wiley.
Wilfong, J.D. (2006). Computer anxiety and anger: the impact of computer use, computer experiences, and self-efficacy beliefs. Computers in Human Behaviour, 22, 1001–1011. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.020
Y. Benn, T. L. Webb, B. P. I. Chang, & J. Reidy. (2015). What information do consumers consider and how do they look for it when shopping for groceries online? Appetite, 89, 265-273.
Zaphiris, P., Pfeil, U., and Xhixho, D. (2009). User evaluation of age-centered web design guidelines. In International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, 677-686. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02707-9_77
Zbytniewski, Jo-Ann. (1979) "The Older Shopper: Over 65 and Overlooked?" Progressive Grocer, 11, 109-111.Zelan, Joseph (1969), Interviewing the Aged, Public Opinion Quarterly, 1, 420-424.
Petroc Taylor. (2023). Mobile operating systems - statistics & facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/3778/mobile-operating-systems/ visited date:4, May. 2023.
三、網路參考資料
ETtoday新聞雲(2019)。東森電視購物亂賣會又來了4/27特別日進化激殺版 https://www.ettoday.net/news/20190426/1431327.htm。瀏覽日期:2022年10月29日。
TransBiz 國際品牌行銷顧問(無日期)。電商消費心理學:六大法則讓消費者Buy的秘訣。台北市:作者。https://transbiz.com.tw/6-principles-of-ecommerce-consumer-psychology/。瀏覽時間:2022年10月31日。
光(2022)。電視購物專家沒說、但你一定要知道的事!https://vocus.cc/article/62d28193fd897800019cd336。瀏覽日期:2022年10月30日。
李睿(2019)。電視購物節目主持人節目制作流程解析和優化。傳媒期刊秀:《今傳媒》,12。http://media.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/1224/c431283-31520610.html。瀏覽日期:2022年10月31日。
林俊成(2017)。電視購物頻道裡的心理學技巧大揭密。https://jasonpsychologist.blogspot.com/2017/06/TV-shopping.html。瀏覽日期:2022年10月30日。
財團法人台灣網路資訊中心(2022)。2022台灣網路報告。https://report.twnic.tw/2022/assets/download/TWNIC_TaiwanInternetReport_2022_CH.pdf。瀏覽日期:2022年8月20日。
張慧心(2019)。數位原生代VS網路移民,數位代溝如何解?大家健康,2019年11月號,385。https://healthforall.com.tw/?action=article_in&id=4689。瀏覽日期:2022年11月3日。
達摩本草官方網站。https://www.damokampo.com/。瀏覽日期:2022年10月29日。
蝦皮購物平台。https://shopee.tw/。瀏覽日期:2022年11月2日。
羅曼瑄(2018)。NPS戰略基礎――為什麼它不只是一個指標?http://conversionlab.co/2018/09/24/nps101/瀏覽日期:2023年7月25日。
櫻櫻(2019)。廣播節目-企製-工作甘苦https://www.1111.com.tw/1000w/fanshome/discussTopic.asp?cat=FANS&id=217288瀏覽日期:2022年10月28日。