研究生: |
李韋姍 Wei-Shan Lee |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
成年前期獨生子女的自我信念、人際信念與家庭信念之研究 A study on the convictions about self, others and family of the only child in young adulthood. |
指導教授: |
曾端真
Zeng, Duan-Zhen 林家興 Lin, Chia-Hsin |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2006 |
畢業學年度: | 94 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 143 |
中文關鍵詞: | 成年前期 、獨生子女 、獨生子女家庭 、自我信念 、人際信念 、家庭信念 |
英文關鍵詞: | young adulthood, only child, only-child family, convictions about self, convictions about others, convictions about family |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:272 下載:63 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究以個體心理學中生活型態的概念為背景知識,採取紮根理論研究的取向,深度訪談11位目前處於成年前期的獨生子女,探究其身為獨生子女的自我信念、人際信念與家庭信念。
本研究分析訪談資料、並參酌相關實徵研究後,歸納出「成年前期獨生子女的自我信念、人際信念與家庭信念」之現象,有以下幾部份:
一、成年前期獨生子女的自我信念:面對孤獨的人生課題;理所當然擁有優勢;義無反顧承擔責任;接受優勢與缺憾共存;自我驅策的內在語言。
二、成年前期獨生子女的人際信念:因應衝突的能力較弱;在團體中應該表現與人一致;事情必須在我掌握中。
三、成年前期獨生子女的家庭信念:家庭和諧至上;必須照顧父母的情緒感受;家庭子女數應該多一些;必須趁早思考照顧父母的議題。
最後根據研究結果,提出對未來相關研究的建議。
The purpose of this study is to probe into young adulthood only child’s convictions about self, others and family. The most important concept of Individual Psychology is life style, which is also the background knowledge of this study. The study starts by exploring the individual life experience with a semi-structural in-depth interview the 11 only child during young adulthood. We then apply the grounded theory approach as the strategy of data analysis. The results are discussed accordingly.
1. Young adulthood only child’s convictions about self:
One of the life tasks is to deal with the feelings of lonely.
To possess all family recourses rightly.
To take all family responsibilities inevitably.
All advantages and disadvantages being only child are part of me.
The inner voices of self-driven.
2. Young adulthood only child’s convictions about others:
Not good at handling interpersonal conflicts.
Behave accord with others.
Everything should be in control.
3. Young adulthood only child’s convictions about family:
Harmonious family atmosphere is the most important thing.
To take care for parents’ emotional well-being.
Family should have more children.
I have to think about how to take care of my parents as soon as possible.
By examining these relationships from the perspective of above, we provide suggestions and applications for future studies.
參考文獻
中文部份
王先棠(2004)。台灣城市成年獨生子女: 親子互動、人際關係、婚育觀念。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣大學,台北市。
平路(2002)。我凝視,台北:聯合文學。
平路(2003)機場即景。中國時報-三少四壯集。
平路(2004)。讀心之書,台北:聯合文學。
朱秀芳(1993)。小學兒童教育心理學,北京:人民教育出版社。
行政院主計處 (1999)。台灣地區社會發展趨勢調查結果提要報告。網址:
http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1
余德慧(1988)。中國人心底的故事。載於余德慧(主編),中國人的父母經―黏結與親情(頁1-14)。台北市:張老師文化。
余德慧(1988)。現代中國人孝養之道。載於余德慧(主編),中國人的父母經―黏結與親情(頁25-64)。台北市:張老師文化。
宋博鳳(2003)。成年前期手足關係之研究。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。
杜蕾蕾(譯)(2004)。別嬌壞你的孩子:教養獨生子女的七大罪狀,台北:悅智文化。(White,C.,2004)
李亦園(1988)。中國人的家庭與家的文化。載於文崇一、蕭新煌(主編),中國人:觀念與行為(頁113-128)。台北:巨流圖書公司。
袁儷綺(2002)。獨生學童性別、年級與其依附關係、生活適應之相關研究--以台南市為例。未出版碩士論文,國立台南大學,台南市。
胡因夢(1990)。死亡與童女之舞─胡因夢自傳,台北:圓神。
胡幼慧(1995)。三代同堂:迷思與陷阱,台北:巨流圖書公司。
風笑天(1990)中國的獨生子女:他們的家庭、教育和未來。線上檢索日期:2006年5月3日。網址:
http://www.sachina.edu.cn/library/degreeDoc/BS/Bzy/18731806_c.htm
風笑天(2000)。獨生子女青少年的社會化過程及其結果。中國社會科學,6。網址:http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/wk_wzdetails.asp?id=190(香港中文大學中國研究服務中心)
風笑天(2002。中國獨生子女研究:回顧與前瞻。江海學刊,5,頁90-99。
徐宗國(1986)。由田野研究資料建立紮根的理論。國立台灣大學社會學刊,18,頁51-62。
徐宗國(1996)。紮根理論研究法。於胡幼慧(主編),質性研究:理論、方法 及本土女性研究實例(頁47-73)。台北:巨流。
徐宗國(譯)(1997) 。質性研究概論,台北市:巨流。(Strauss, A. & Corbin, J.,1990)
徐隆德(譯)(1988)。中國人與美國人,台北:巨流。(許烺光,1981)
徐憑(譯)(2004)。發現你的利基─從排行與性格創造優勢。台北市:張老師文化。(Leman, K.,2002)
高薰芳、林盈助、王向葵(譯)(2001)。質化研究設計-一種互動取向的方法。台北:心理。(Maxwell, J. A. ,1996)
許維素(1992)。家庭組型、家庭氣氛對兒童自卑感、社會興趣、生活型態形成之影響。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。
楊懋春(1981)。中國家庭與倫理。台北市:中央文物。
楊國樞、葉光輝、黃囇莉(1989)。孝道的社會態度與行為:理論與測量。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,65,171-227。
郭孟瑜(2003)。青少年的親子三角關係類型與人際行為之研究。未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。
陳順發(譯)(2000)。獨生子女不麻煩—怎樣教養獨生子女。台北市:台灣麥克。(Pickhardt,C.E.,1997)
陳小燕(2004)。成年前期在學獨生子女生活經驗之研究。未出版碩士論文,國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
陳曉楓(2005)。學齡前獨生子女的面貌及其母親的教養想法。未出版碩士論文,國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
張春興(1995)。張氏心理學辭典,台北:東華出版社。
張怡貞(1998)。國小學童獨生子女與非獨生子女同儕關係及其相關因素研究。未出版碩士論文,國立台東大學,台東市。
張虹雯(1999)。父母爭吵時的三角關係運作與兒童行為問題之相關研究。未出版碩士論文,國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
張琰、馬騋(譯)(2000)。先知&先知的花園。台北市:城邦文化。(Gibran, K.,1923)
張怡敏(2005)。一個諮商師的親子關係經驗對其諮商專業影響之自我敘說研究。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。
黃光國(譯)(1971)。自卑與超越。台北市:志文。(Adler,A.,1932)
曾端真(1996)。阿德勒生活型態理論對國小學童之應用與驗證。國科會專題研究計畫。
曾端真(1997)。國小學童生活型態及其手足因素之研究。台北市:揚智。
葉明華、楊國樞(1995)。中國人的家族主義:概念分析與實徵衡鑑。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊。83,169-225。
翁樹澍、王大維(譯)(1999)。家族治療理論與技術。台北:揚智。(Goldenberg, I. & Goldenberg, H.,1996)
鄭玄藏等(合譯)(2002)。諮商與心理治療理論與實務。台北:雙葉書廊。
(Corey.G., 2001)
鄭淑君(2002)。夫妻婚姻滿意度與其子女三角關係運作情形之分析研究。未出版碩士論文,國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
劉墉(2002)。攀上心中的巔峰,台北:水雲齋文化。
賴明珠(譯)(1994)。國境之南、太陽之西。台北:時報文化。(村上春樹,1992)
薛美珍(譯)(1996)。如何教養獨生子:迎接獨子時代的來臨。台北:遠流。(Newman,S.,1990)
靜宜大學中文系台灣民俗文化研究室http://www.pu.edu.tw/~folktw/index.html
蘇建文(1991)。家庭與個體發展。載於蘇建文(主編),發展心裡學(頁443-465)。台北:心理。
獨生子女進入婚育年齡、中國家庭結構將重新洗牌。新周刊(2005.4.21)。線上檢索日期:2006年5月10日。網址:http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2005-04/21/content_2859307_5.htm
西文部份
Bouldin, P., & Pratt, C. (1999). Characteristics of
preschool and school-age children with imaginary companions. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 160, 397-410.
Buhrmester, D., & Furman, W. (1990). Age differences in perceptions of sibling relationships during middle childhood and adolescence. Child Development , 61,
1387-1398.
Byrd, B., DeRosa, AP, & Craig, SS (1993). The adult who is an only child:. Achieving separation or individuation. Psychological Reports, 73, 171-177.
Cicirelli, V.C. (1982). Sibling influence throughout the life span. In ME Lamb. & B. Sutton-Smith (Eds.), Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance. across
the lifespan (pp. 267–284). Erlbaum: Hillsdale.
Cicirelli, V. C. (1984). Marital disruption and adult children's perception of their siblings' help to elderly parents. Family Relations: Journal of Applied Family &
Child Studies, 33, 613-621.
Cicirelli, V.G. (1995). Sibling relationships across the life span. N.Y.: Plenum Press.
Creswell, J. W.(1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational Research. N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Downey, D. B., & Condron, D. J. (2004).Playing well with others in kindergarten: The benefit of siblings at home. Journal of Marriage and Family,66,333-350.
Du, L. & Zhao, M. (2000). The differences between only and non-only children in achievement attribution. Psychological Science (China). 23, 3, 355-356.
Eiduson, B. T. (1976). The Dynamics of the One Child Family: Socialization Implications. Speeches/Meeting Papers .(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED130785)
Eischens, A. D.(1998)The dilemma of the only child. Available at: http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/eischens2.html
Enrich,M Z.(1998). Dashed dreams, revived hopes: Maternal experiences with first-born children following miscarriage.( PsyD dissertation: Massachusetts School Of Professional Psychology,1998). Dissertation Abstracts International,59,1847.
Furman,W.,& Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children’s perceptions of the qualities of sibling relationship. Child Development, 56, 448-461.
Falbo,T.(1977).The Only Child: A Review. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33, 47-61.
Feldman, G. C.(1981). Three’s company: family therapy with only child families.
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy,7,43-46.
Falbo, T. (1984). Only children: A review. In T. Falbo (Ed.), The single child family (pp. 1-24). New York: Guilford Press.
Falbo, T. & Polit, D. F. (1986). Quantitative Review of the Only Child Literature:Research Evidence and Theory Development. Psychological Bulletin ,100(2), 176-189.
Falbo, T. (1992). Social norms and the one-child family: Clinical and policy implications. In F. Boer & J. Dunn (Eds.), Children's sibling relationships: Developmental and clinical issues (pp. 71-82). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Goetting, A. (1986). The developmental tasks of siblingship over the life cycle.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 701–714.
Gfroerer, K., Gfroerer, C., Curlette, W., White, J., & Kern, R. (2003). Psychological birth order and the BASIS-A inventory. Journal of Individual Psychology, 59, 31-41.
Gleason, T. R., Sebanc, A. M. & Hartup, W. W. (2000). Imaginary companions of preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 36, 419-428.
Gerhart, A.(2004)Laura Bush’s private tragedy, her public calm, and why she hates being called first lady. Reader’s Digest. 2004-5.
Hall, E. & Perlmutter, M. (1992). Adult Development and Aging (2nd). NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jing Q, Wan C, & Over R. (1987). Single child family in China: psychological perspectives. International Journal of Psychology, 22 ,127–38.
Katz, P. A. & Boswell, S. L. (1984). Sex-role development and the one-child family. In T. Falbo (Ed.), The single child family (pp.63-116). New York: Guilford Press.
Kempton,T., Armistead,L. , Wierson,M. & Forehand, R.(1991) Presence of a Sibling as a Potential Buffer Following Parental Divorce: A Examination of Young Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,20,434-438.
Kitzman, K. M., Cohen, R. & Lockwood, R. L.(2002). Are only children missing out? Comparison of the peer-related social competence of only children and siblings. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,19,299-316.
Lamb, M.E., & Sutton-Smith, B. (1982). Sibling relationships: their nature and significance across the life span. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mosak, H.H., & Maniacci, M. (1999). A primer of Adlerian psychology: The analytic-behavioral-cognitive psychology of Alfred Adler. Philadelphia: Accelerated Development/ Taylor and Francis.
Polit, D., Nuttal, L. R. & Nuttal, E. V. (1980). The only child grows up: A look at some characteristics of adult only children. Family Relations, 29, 99-106.
Polit, D., & Falbo, T.(1987).Only child and personality development: A quantitative review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 309-325.
Polit, D., & Falbo, T. (1988). The intellectual outcomes of only children. Journal of Biosocial Science, 20, 275-286.
Ross, H.G., & Milgram , J.I. (1982). Important variables in adult sibling relationships: A qualitative study. In: M.E. Lamb,. & B. Sutton-Smith, B. (Eds.): Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance across the life span(pp.225-249). Erlbaum: Hillsdale.
Roberts, L.C., Blanton, P.W. (2001). “I Always Knew Mom and Dad Loved Me Best”: Experiences of Only Children. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 57, 125-140.
Rosenkranz, N.C.(2004). A phenomenological study of guilt in the separation and adjustment process of the female, only child, freshman college student. (PsyD dissertation, CHICAGO SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY,2004).Dissertation Abstracts International,66, 2838.
Sherman, R. & Dinkmeyer, D. (1987). Systems of family therapy An Adlerian integration. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Sifford,D.(1990).The only child: Being one, loving one, understanding one, raising one. New York: Harper and Row.
Shulman, B. H., & Mosak, H. H.(1990).Manual for life style assessment. Accelerated Development Inc.
Tennes, M. A.(1985). The Process Of Intrapsychic Separation in the Female Only Child(Guilt, Object Relations, Birth Order, Separation Anxiety, Ordinal Position). (Doctoral dissertation, The Wright Institute,1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 664.
Veenhoven,R. & Verkuyten, M. (1989). The Well-Being of Only Children. Adolescence, 24, 93, 155-166.
Vila,KL.(2001) Maternal attitude following abortion, miscarriage and perinatal loss.( (Doctoral dissertation, TEMPLE UNIVERSITY,2001). Dissertation Abstracts International,62,5397.
Wang, Q., Leichtman, M. D., & White, S. H. (1998). Childhood memory and self-definition in young Chinese adults. Cognition, 69, 1, 73-103.
Wang, L. & Crane, D. R.(2000).The relationship between marital satisfaction, marital stability, nuclear family triangulation, and childhood depression. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 29 (4),337-347.
Wu, De & Tang, Jiulai.(2002). Morality, personality, and temperament of single and nonsingle children aged 4-14 years. Chinese Mental Health Journal,16,7 , 454-456.