研究生: |
黃詠承 Yong-Cheng Huang |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
呂氏攀蜥外表形態與棲地資源利用之研究 Morphology and habitat resource partitioning of Japalura luei |
指導教授: |
呂光洋
Lue, Kuang-Yang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2010 |
畢業學年度: | 98 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 49 |
中文關鍵詞: | 呂氏攀蜥 、形態 、資源分配 、棲地偏好 |
英文關鍵詞: | Japalura luei, Morphology, Resource partitioning, Habitat preference |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:187 下載:23 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
呂氏攀蜥(Japalura luei)為台灣特有種,此物種的分佈僅限於宜蘭與花蓮北部,且數量稀少。相關的生態資料所知有限,本研究於2006~2009 年,在南澳闊葉林自然保護區內進行雌雄個體外表形態、棲地偏好與資源分配之研究。在本研究中,主要探討呂氏攀蜥其分佈範圍、棲地偏好、雌雄形態差異、族群結構與資源分配之研究。
調查中顯示呂氏攀蜥主要分佈於台灣東北部針闊葉混合林。雄蜥白天主要停棲於樹幹上,其次為分枝;而雌蜥白天選擇不同部位做為其停棲位置,主要停棲於灌叢上。以平均值來說,雄蜥日間停棲高度與寬度均較雌蜥大,而在夜間停棲偏好上兩者並無差異。除此之外,不同林相的停棲高度亦有差異。檢驗呂氏攀蜥雌雄兩性在下列身體部位上絕對以及相對長度的差異:體長、尾長、頭長、頭寬、前肢長、後肢長、最長指長以及最長趾長。結果顯示,雄性呂氏攀蜥除體長外,在所有身體部位的絕對長度皆較雌蜥為長,但將體型大小的效應排除之後,發現雄蜥的頭長與頭寬在比例上較雌蜥為長,但體長以及四肢長度卻皆較雌蜥短。
而另一部分主要討論雌雄個體間的資源分配以及兩組生態與形態間的關係:相對四肢長度與停棲環境、頭部尺寸與獵物尺寸。相對四肢長度與停棲環境間的
對應在不同性別內獲得支持:雄蜥停棲高度較高,且四肢也較長。然而頭部尺寸與獵物尺寸的對應關係沒有獲得支持,雖然頭部尺寸有顯著差異,食性種類重疊度卻非常高。本研究指出呂氏攀蜥在雌雄個體具有不同的棲地偏好,且獲得許多關於此稀有物種的生態需求,用以提供保育及經營管理上的資訊。
Japalura luei is a rare and an endemic agamidae lizard in Taiwan. The distribution of this species is restricted to the neighborhoods of Ilan and northern part of Hualien. The information about its ecological requirements of this lizard are limited. From 2006 to 2009, we tried to investigate morphological difference between males and females, habitat preference and resource partition of J.luei in Nanao Broad- leaved Forest Nature Reserve. In this study, we tried to investigate distribution range, habitat preference, morphological difference between sexes, population age structure and resource partition of them.
Our survey indicated that J. luei was mainly found near the mixed forest in northeast of Taiwan. The male lizards mainly were found on the main trunk, following by on the branch. While the females, choose to stay on different parts of the tree, mainly on the clump. On the average, the males and females markedly differed in perching preference during the day, but not different during the night. In this study, And different habitat preferences of J. luei are existed in different forest forms. We tested intersexual differences in size and shape of the following body parts: body length, tail length, head width, head length, forelimb length, hind- limb length, length of the longest finger, and length of the longest toe. The results showed that male J. luei were larger in size of some body parts, expect body length. After the effect of body size was accounted for, males had proportionately longer and wider heads, shorter body lengths and limbs.
The another investigation focused on resource partitioning between the morphological relationships. The correspondence between relative limb lengths and perch habitat was found in different sexes: males and females differ in perch habitat and relative limb lengths, male perch higher than female with longer limb lengths.The correspondence between head size and diet was not found in two sexes. Feeding niche overlap was high in both sexes. We know the different microhabitat preference between different sexes, and the information about to ecological requirements of this
rare species, this can provide information for the conservation and management strategy in the future for this endemic lizards.
吳世揚,1999。蝎虎(Hemidactylus frenatus)族群內食物資源分配之研究。國立師範大學生物學系碩士論文。
呂光洋、杒銘章、向高世,1999。台灣兩棲爬蟲動物圖鑑。中華民國自然生態保育協會、大自然雜誌。台北。
呂光洋、陳添喜、高善、孫承矩、朱哲民、蔡添順、何一先、鄭正寬,1996。台灣野生動物資源調查--兩棲類動物資源調查手冊。行政院農委會。台北。
向高世,2001。臺灣蜥蜴自然誌。大樹文化出版社。台北。
李宜娟,2001。關渡草澤地共域小獸類的棲地利用。國立臺灣大學動物學研究所碩士論文。
范姜衛良,1994。臺北地區黃口攀木蜥蜴食性及胃含物分析。國立臺灣大學植物病蟲害研究所碩士論文。台北。
陳子英、毛俊傑、阮忠信。南澳闊葉樹林自然保留區神秘湖濕生演替之研究。行政院農業委員會林務局棲地保育委託研究系列第96-07 號。2008。宜蘭。
陳瑞輝,1982。臺灣攀木蜥蜴雄性素與生殖週期之關係。私立東海大學生物學系碩士論文。台中。
孫承矩,1997。臺灣地區石龍子類生物地理類緣關係之初探。國立臺灣師範大學生物學系碩士論文。台北。
張俊文,2006。台灣北部溪流蛙類資源分配與人為干擾對資源利用影響之研究。
國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系碩士論文。台北。
高善,1997。臺灣地區草蜥類生物地理類緣關係之初探。國立臺灣師範大學生物學系碩士論文。台北。
郭祺筠,2006。斯文豪氏攀蜥與黃口攀蜥間形態與資源分配之研究。國立臺灣大學生態學與演化生物學研究所碩士論文。台北。
盧高宏,1981,臺灣攀木蜥蜴族群生態之研究,私立東海大學生物學研究所碩士論文。台中。
劉國強,1994。H 粒線體核酸分析斯文豪氏攀析之生物地理與親緣關係。國立中山大學生命科學研究所碩士論文。高雄。
簡榮村,1990。臺灣產攀蜥屬外部形態變異性的探討。私立東海大學生物學研究所碩士論文。台中。
Alanara A, MD Burns, NB Metcalfe. 2001. Intraspecific resource partitioning in brown trout: the temporal distribution of foraging is determined by social rank.
Journal of Animal Ecology. 70: 980-986.
Amezaga I, MA Rodriguez. 1998. Resource partitioning of four sympatric bark beetles depending on swarming dates and tree species. Forest Ecology and Management. 109: 127-135.
Andersson M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.Princetion, New Jersey.
Barboza PS, RT Bowyer. 2000. Sexual segregation in dimorphic deer: a new gastrocentric hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy. 81(2): 473-489.
Beuttel K, JB Losos. 1999. Ecological morphology of Caribbean anoles. Herpetological Monographs. 13: 1-28.
Bjorndal KA, AB Bolten, CJ Lagueux, DR Jackson. 1997. Dietary overlap in three sympatric congeneric freshwater turtles (Pseudemys) in Florida. Chelonian
Conservation and Biology 2: 430-433.
Bookstein FL. 1989. Size and shape: a comment on semantics. Systematic Zoology. 38: 173-180.
Bull CM, Y Pamula. 1996. Sexually dimorphic head sizes and reproductive success in the sleepy lizard Tiliqua rugosa. Journal of Zoology. 240: 511-521
Butler MA, JB Losos. 2002. Multivariate sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. Ecological Monographs. 72: 541-559.
Butler MA, TW Schoener, JB Losos. 2000. The relationship between sexual size dimorphism and habitat use in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. Evolution. 54: 259-272.
Butler MA, SA Sawyer, JB Lossos. 2007. Sexual dimorphism and adaptive radiation in Anolis lizards. Nature. 447: 202-205.
Cardona L. 2004. Non-competitive coexistence between Mediterranean grey mullet: evidence from seasonal change in food availability, niche breadth and trophic overlap. Journal of Fish Biology. 59: 729-744.
Censky EJ. 1997. Female mate choice in the non-territorial lizard Ameiva plei (Teiidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 40: 221-225.
Cooper WEJ, LJ Vitt. 1989. Sexual dimorphism of head and body size in an iguanid lizard: paradoxical results. The American Naturalist. 133: 729-735.
Cooper WEJ, LJ Vitt. 1993. Female mate choice of large male broad-headed skinks. Animal Behavior. 45: 683-693.
Cox RM, SL Skelly, HB John-Alder. 2003. A comparative study of adaptive hypotheses for sexual size dimorphism in lizards. Evolution. 57: 1653-1669.
Duvall D, SJ Beaupre. 1998. Sexual strategy and size dimorphism in rattlesnakes: integrating proximate and ultimate causation. American zoologist. 38: 152-165.
Ebensperger L, CB Mahan. 2001. Use of habitat, size of prey, and food-niche relationships of two sympatric otters in southernmost Chile. Journal of Mammalogy. 78: 12-22.
Forsman A, LE Lindell. 1993. The advantage of a big head: swallowing performance in adders, Vipera berus. Functional Ecology. 7:183-189.
Garland TJ, SC Adolph. 1994. Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiological Zoology. 67:797-828.
Goodall DW. 1973. Sample similarity and species correlation. In RH Whittaker, ed. Ordination and classification of communities. The Hague: Junk, pp. 106-156.
Goodman BA, AK Krockenberger, L Schwarzkopf. 2007. Master of them all: performance specialization does not result in trade-offs in tropical lizards. Evolutionary Ecology Research. 9: 527-546.
Gould SJ. 1975. Allometry in primates, with an emphasis on scaling and evolution of the brain. Contributions to Primatology. 5: 244-292.
Günther A. 1864. The reptiles of British India. London: Ray Society. Henderson RW, MA Nickerson. 1976. Observations on the behavioral ecology of three species of Imantodes (Reptilia, Seroentes, Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology. 10: 205-210
Herrel A, R Van Damme, F De Vree. 1996. Testing the niche divergence hypothesis by bite force analysis. Netherland Journal of Zoology. 46: 253-262.
Herrel A, J Meyers, B Vanhooydonck. 2002. Relations between microhabitat use and limb shape in phrynosomatid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77: 149-163.
Hofmann S, K Henle. 2006. Male reproductive success and intrasexual selection in the common lizard determined by DNA-microsatellite. Journal of Herpetology. 40: 1-6.
Hurlbert SH. 1978. The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives. Ecology 59: 67-77.
Huxley JS. 1924. Constant differential growth ratios and their significance. Nature. 114: 895.
Irschick DJ, JB Losos. 1998. A comparative analysis of the ecological significance of maximal locomotor performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Evolution. 52: 219-226.
Irschick DJ, B Vanhooydonck, A Herrel, J Meyers. 2005. Intraspecific correlations among morphology, performance and habitat use within a green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) populations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 85: 211-221.
Jaroensutasinee M, K Jaroensutasinee. 2001. Sexual size dimorphism and male contest in wild Siamese fighting fish. Journal of Fish Biology. 59: 1614–1621.
Jenssen TA. 1973. Shifts in the structural habitat of Anolis opalinus due to congeneric competition. Ecology. 54: 863-869.
John-Alder HB, RM Cox, EN Taylor. 2007. Proximate developmental mediators of sexual dimorphism in size: case studies from squamate reptiles. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47: 258-271.
Johnson JB, LD McBrayer, D Saenz. 2005. Allometry, sexual size dimorphism, and niche partitioning in the Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus). Southwestern Naturalist. 50: 435-439.
Katsikaros K, R Shine. 1997. Sexual dimorphism in the tusked frog, Adelotus brevis (Anura: Myobatrachidae): the roles of natural and sexual selection. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 60: 39-51.
Kohlsdorf T, TJ Garland, CA Navas. 2001. Limb and tail lengths in relation to substrate usage in Tropidurus lizards. Journal of Morphology. 248: 151-164.
Kronfeld-Schor N, T Dayan. 2003. Partitioning of time as an ecological resource. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 34:153-181.
Kuo CY, YS Lin, YK Lin. 2007. Resource use and morphology of two sympatric Japalura lizards (Iguania: Agamidae). Journal of Herpetology. 41: 713-723.
Kuo CY, YT Lin, YS Lin. 2009. Sexual size and shape dimorphism in an Agamid lizard, Japalura swinhonis (Squamata: Lacertilia: Agamidae). Zoological Study.
48(3): 351-361.
Lauder GV. 1983. Functional and morphological bases of trophic specialization in sunfishes (Teleostei: Centrarchidae). Journal of Morphology. 178(1): 1-21.
Lemckert F, T Brassil. 2000. Movements and Habitat use of the endangered giant barred river frog (Mixophyes iteratus) and the implications for its conservation in timber production forests. Biological Conservation. 96: 177-184.
Lemckert F, T Brassil. 2002. Movements and habitat use by the giant burrowing frog, Heleioporus australiacus. Amphibia-Reptila. 24: 207-211.
Lin JY. 1979. Ovarian, fat body and liver cycles in the lizards, Japalura swinhonis formosensis (Lacertilia: Agamidae). Journal of Asian Ecology. 1: 29-38.
Lin JY, KH Lu. 1982. Population ecology of the lizard Japalura swinhonis formosensis (Sauria: Agamidae) in Taiwan. Copeia. 1982: 425-434.
Lindeman PV. 2000. Evolution of the relative width of the head and alveolar surfaces in map turtles (Testudines: Emydidae: Graptemys). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 69: 549-576.
Lister BC. 1976. The nature of niche expansion in West Indian Anolis lizards: ecological consequences of reduced competition. Evolution. 30: 659-676.
Losos JB. 1990. Ecomorphology, performance capability, and scaling of west Indian Anolis lizards: an evolutionary analysis. Ecological Monographs. 60: 369-388.
Losos JB. 2009. Lizards in an evolutionary tree: Ecology and adaptive radiation of Anoles. University of California Press.
Lüddecke H. 2003. Space use, cave choice, and spatial learning in the dendrobatid frog Colostethus palmatus. Amphibia-Reptila. 24: 37-46.
Malhotra A, RS Thorpe. 1997. Size and shape variation in the Lesser Antillean anole, Anolis oculatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) in relation to habitat. Biological Journal of
the Linnean Society. 60: 53-72.
Melville J, R Swain. 2000. Evolutionary relationships between morphology, performance and habitat openness in the lizard genus Niveoscincus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 70: 667-683.
Miaud C, D Sanuy, JN Avrillier. 2000. Terrestrial movements of the natterjack toad Bufo calamita (Amphibia, Anura) in a semi-arid, agricultural landscape. Amphibia-Reptilia. 21: 357-369.
Monnet JM, MI Cherry. 2002. Sexual size dimorphism in anurans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 269: 2301-2307.
Mosimann J. 1970. Size allometry: size and shape variables with characterizations of the lognormal and generalized gamma distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 65: 930-945.
Neale JCC, BN Sacks. 2001. Resource utilization and interspecific relations of sympatric bobcats and coyotes. Oikos. 94: 236-249.
Olsson M, R Shine, E Wapstra, B Ujvari, T Madsen. 2002. Sexual dimorphism in lizard body shape: the role of sexual selection and fecundity selection. Evolution. 56: 1538-1542.
Ota H. 1989. Japalura brevipes Gressitt (Agamidae: Reptilia), a valid species from a high altitude area of Taiwan. Herpetologica. 45: 55-60.
Ota H, SL Cheng, G Shang. 1998. Japalura luei: A new agamid lizard from Taiwan (Reptilia: Squamata). Copeia. 3: 649-656.
Parris KM, MA McCarthy. 1999. What influences the structure of frog assemblages at forest streams? Australian Journal of Ecology. 24: 495-502.
Pellet J, A Guisan, N Perrin. 2004. A concentric analysis of the impact of urbanization on the threatened European tree frog in an agricultural landscape. Conservation
Biology. 18(6): 1599-1606.
Pianka ER. 1973. The structure of lizard communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 4: 53-74.
Pineda E, G Halffter. 2004. Species diversity and habitat fragmentation: frog in a tropical mountain landscape in Mexico. Biological conservation. 117: 499-508.
Preest MR. 1994. Sexual size dimorphism and feeding energetics in Anolis carolinensis: Why do females take smaller prey than males? Journal of Herpetology. 28: 292-298.
Rouag R, H Djilali, H Gueraiche, L Luiselli. 2007. Resource partitioning patterns between two sympatric lizard species from Algeria. Journal of Arid Environments. 69: 158-168.
Salewski V, F Bairlein, B Leiser. 2003. Niche partitioning of two Palearctic passerine migrants with Afritropical residents in their West African winter quarters. Behavioral Ecology. 14(4): 493-502.
Samejima H, M Marzuki, T Nagamitsu, T Nakasizuka. 2004. The effects of human disturbance on a stingless bee community in a tropical rainforest. Biological conservation. 120: 577-587.
Schluter D. 1982. Seed and patch selection by Galápagos ground finches: relation to foraging efficiency and food supply. Ecology. 63: 1106-1120.
Schluter D, PR Grant. 1984. Determinants of morphological patterns in communities of Darwin's finches. American Naturalist. 123: 175-196.
Schoener TW. 1968.The Anolis lizards of Bimini: resource partitioning in a complex fauna. Ecology. 49: 704-726.
Schoener TW. 1969. Models of optimal size for solitary predators. The American Naturalist. 103: 277-313.
Schulte JA, JB Losos, FB Cruz, H Náñez. 2004. The relationship between morphology, escape behaviour and microhabitat occupation in the lizard clade Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae*: Liolaemini). Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17: 408-420.
Schwarzkopf L. 2005. Sexual dimorphism in body shape without sexual dimorphism in body size in water skinks (Eulamprus quoyii). Herpetologica. 61: 116-123.
Shine R. 1992. Relative clutch mass and body shape in lizards and snakes: is reproductive investment constrained or optimized? Evolution. 46: 828-833.
Sifers SM, ML Yeska, YM Ramos, R Powell, JS Parmerlee. 2001. Anolis lizards restricted to alter edge habitats in a Hispaniolan cloud forest. Caribbean Journal of Science. 37: 55-62.
Singhal S, MA Johnson, JT Ladner. 2007. The behavioral ecology of sleep: Natural sleeping site choice in three Anolis lizard species. Behaviour. 144: 1033-1052.
Smith EP. 1982. Niche breath, resource availability and inference. Ecology. 63(6): 1675-1681.
Stamps JA. 1993. Sexual size dimorphism in species with asymptotic growth after maturity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 50: 123-145.
Stoddard MA, JP Hayend. 2005. The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales. Ecological Applications. 15(3): 811-823.
Sunde P, MS Bølstad, JD Møller. 2003. Reversed sexual dimorphism in tawny owls, Strix aluco, correlates with duty division in breeding effort. Oikos. 101: 265–278.
Tague RG. 2005. Big-bodied males help us recognize that females have big pelvis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 127: 392-405.
Thompson GG, PC Withers. 2005. Size- free shape differences between male and female Western Australian dragon lizards (Agamidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 26: 55-63.
Vanhooydonck B, R Van Damme. 1999. Evolutionary relationships between body shape and habitat use in lacertid lizard. Evolutionary Ecology Research. 1:785-805.
Verwaijen D, R Van Damme, A Herrel. 2002. Relationships between head size, bite force, prey handling efficiency and diet in two sympatric lacertid lizards. Functional Ecology. 16: 842-850.
Vincent SE, A Herrel, DJ Irschick. 2004. Ontogeny of intersexual head shape and prey selection in the pitviper Agkistrodon piscivorus.Biological Journal of rhe
Linnean Society. 81: 151-159.
Vitt LJ. 1983. Reproduction and sexual dimorphism in the tropical Teiid lizard Cnemiphorus ocellifer. Copeia. 1983: 359-366.
Vitt LJ, JD Congdon. 1978. Body shape, reproductive effort, and relative clutch mass in lizards: resolution of a paradox. The American Naturalist. 112: 595-608.
Vos CC, JP Chardon. 1998. Effects of habitat fragmentation and road density on the distribution pattern of moor frog Rana avails. Journal of Applied Ecology. 38: 45-56.
Wainwright PC. 1991. Ecomorphology: experimental functional anatomy for ecological problems. American Zoologist. 31(4): 680-693.
Walker JA. 1997. Ecological morphology of lacustrine threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L (Gasterosteidae) body shape. Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society. 61: 3-50.
Watkins GG. 1996. Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in the Iguanian lizard Microlophus occipitalis. Ecology. 77: 1473-1482.
Williams EE. 1972. The origin of faunas. Evolution of lizard congeners in a complex island fauna: a trial analysis. Evolutionary Biology. 6: 47-89.
Woodford JE, MW Meyer. 2002. Impact of lakeshore development on green frog abundance. Biological conservation. 110: 277-284.
Yorks DT, KE Williamson, RW Henderson, R Powell, JS Parmerlee. 2004. Foraging behavior in the arboreal boid Corallus grenadensis. Study on Neotropical Fauna
and Environment. 38: 167-172.
Zaaf A, A Herrel, P Aerts, F De Vree. 1999. Morphology of the appendicular musculature in geckos with different locomotor habits (Lepidosauria). Zoomorphology. 119: 9-22.
Znari M, EE Mouden. 1997. Seasonal changes in the diet of adult and juvenile Agama impalearis (Lacertilia: Agamidae) in the central Jbilet Mountains, Morocco. Journal of Arid Environments. 37: 403-412.