研究生: |
吳心怡 Hsin-Yi Wu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
國中生的父母親職效能感與子女知覺的親子依附、自我效能感之關係研究 The Relationships among Parenting Self-efficacy, Adolescents’ Perceived Parent-child Attachment and Self-efficacy |
指導教授: |
蔡順良
Tsai, Shung-Liang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 140 |
中文關鍵詞: | 親職效能感 、親子依附 、青少年自我效能感 |
英文關鍵詞: | parenting self-efficacy, attachment, adolescents' self-efficacy |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:235 下載:145 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究主要探討國中生父母親職效能感、親子依附與子女自我效能感之關係。本研究以臺北縣市與桃園縣國中學生及其家長為研究對象,以「親子依附量表」與「青少年多向度自我效能量表」,與自編的「親職效能感量表」等研究工具進行問卷調查。共得有效學生問卷978份與家長問卷664份。根據問卷調查所得到的資料,以多變量變異數分析、逐步迴歸等統計方法進行資料分析。研究結果發現:
1.親職效能感在子女性別與家長身分、子女排行與家長身分兩項交互作用分析均不顯著。只有國中生家長身分不同(即:父親或母親)親職效能感上有顯著差異,包括在親子互動、人際交往、生涯發展與身體健康三方面,均是母親的親職效能感得分高於父親。
2.國中生知覺的親子依附在性別與排行上交互作用均不顯著。只有在與父親的溝通方面有性別的差異,研究結果顯示男生與父親的溝通得分高於女生。
3.國中生自我效能感在性別與排行上交互作用均不顯著,但在體能表現自我效能感方面有性別的差異,研究結果顯示男生在體能表現上的自我效能感高於女生。
4.關於親職效能感與子女知覺的親子依附、自我效能感三者的關係,本研究有下列主要發現:
(1)母親在親子互動與人際交往的親職效能感較能有效預測子女知覺與母親依附的溝通關係,母親在親子互動的親職效能感也能有效預測子女知覺與母親依附的信任關係;然而父親的親職效能感對子女知覺與父親的依附關係較無顯著預測效果。
(2)國中生與母親的依附溝通關係對學業表現、人際關係與生涯發展等方面自我效能感的預測力較高;國中生與父親的依附溝通關係對學業表現自我效能預測力較高,與父親的依附信任關係則對人際關係自我效能感的預測力較高。
(3)母親在學業督導的親職效能感對國中生學習表現自我效能感最具預測效果,父親在生活常規的親職效能感對國中生體能表現最具預測力。
本研究最後針對本研究的發現提出對教育單位、家長與未來研究的具體建議。
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships among parenting efficacy, adolescents’ perceived parent-child attachment and self-efficacy in Taiwan junior high school students. The participants were 978 teenage students and 664 their parents from Taipei City, Taipei County, and Taoyuan County. Measurement used in this study included the Inventory of Parent Attachment, Self-efficacy Inventory, and Parenting Self-efficacy Inventory, which is innovated in this research. Data from this survey were statistically analyzed by using MANOVA and stepwise regression. The main results from this research were shown as followed.
1.The result indicated that there were no significant interaction effect between adolescent’s gender and their parent’s identity (mother or father) in parenting efficacy, as well as adolescent’s birth order and their parent’s identity. After post-hoc comparison, it was shown that mothers had better parenting self-efficacy than fathers in three aspects, including parent-child interaction, child’s interpersonal relationship, and health care.
2.The result indicated that there were no significant interaction effect between adolescent’s gender and birth order in attachment. After post-hoc comparison, it was shown that boys had better communication with fathers than girls
3.The result indicated that there were no significant interaction effect between adolescent’s gender and birth order in self-efficacy. The post-hoc comparison showed that boys had higher physical efficacy than girls.
4.The predicative relationships among parenting efficacy, adolescents’ perceived attachment, and self-efficacy were proved in this study.
(1)Adolescents’ perceived communication with mother was significantly predicted by mother’s parenting efficacy in parent-child interaction and child’s friendship. Adolescents’ perceived “trust in mother” was predicted by mother’s efficacy in parent-child interaction. However, father’s parenting efficacy can not significantly predicted by adolescents’ attachment with fathers.
(2)The communication with mother can predict adolescents’ academic efficacy, interpersonal efficacy, and career efficacy. The communication with father can predict adolescents’ academic efficacy. The trust in father can predict interpersonal efficacy.
(3)Adolescents’ learning efficacy was predicated by mother’s efficacy in learning supervision. Adolescents’ physical efficacy was predicted by father’ efficacy in discipline.
At last, implications of the findings and suggestions for school, parents, and future study were also proposed in the study.
參考文獻
一、中文部份
少年身心狀況調查。內政部統計資訊服務網。檢索日期:97.3.30:全球資訊網:http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat。
石丹理、韓曉燕、李美羚(民96)。對父母親職及親子關係質量的調查及觀點以上海青少年為例。浙江學刊,02期。
江捷如(民86)。二專學生的心理分離、依附關係與其生涯定向之關係。國立政治大學心理系碩士論文。
何啟瑜(民94)。家庭教育贏的起點。天下雜誌教育特刊。335期。
呂貞嬅 (民95)。育有國小學童父親母親婚育年齡與其親職效能感之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士。
李詠秋(民91)。原住民大學生生涯發展狀況、生涯自我效能與其生涯阻礙因素之關係研究。國立新竹師範學院國民教育研究所。
林文瑛(民90〉。教養行為的框架與變異它的限制因素與調控因素。國科會專案研究報告〈編號:90-2413-H-431-001-SSS 〉
林家興(民86)。親職教育的原理與實務。臺北:心理。
吳英璋、溫明晶(民94) 。從整體學業自我效能感談青少年偏差行為與犯罪行為之形成。警政署政風室日新法律半年刊。5期。
吳英璋(民90)。青少年自我效能之成長及其影響。青少年人格的建構,19-69。臺北:人格建構工程學研究基金會。
吳孟錞(民93)。國小高年級學童自我效能、知覺父母期望、教師期望與行為困擾、學業表現之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
吳恬妮(民88)。探討國中生生物科自我效能與學術地位之關係及其在組對討論中的效應。臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所87學年度碩士論文。
呂翠夏(民90)。學前幼兒家庭之協同親職與其相關因素──婚姻關係、性別角色態度、與父母自我效能。國科會專案研究報告〈編號:NSC-90-2413-H024-021〉。
李雪莉(民96)。別當直升機父母。天下雜誌雙週刊,368期,106-120頁。
邱卉綺(民94)。高中生生涯決定困難、生涯自我效能與焦慮憂鬱情緒之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士班碩士論文。
邱皓政(民95)。量化研究與統計分析──SPSS中文視窗版資料分析範例解析(第三版)。臺北:五南。
洪菁穗(民88)。探討國中生在理化科的學術地位、自我效能與學業成敗歸因之關係。臺灣大學87學年度物理研究所碩士論文。
洪聖陽(民91)。不同性別之國小高年級學童父母教養方式、自我概念、依附關係與生涯成熟之關係研究。臺南師範學院教師在職進修輔導教學碩士論文。
孫志麟(民80)。自我效能的基本概念及其在教育上的應用。教育研究雙月刊,22期,47—54頁。
孫育智(民93)。青少年依附品質、情緒智力與適應的關係。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文。
馬惠芬(民92)。男性眼光中父職參與、父職自我效能與親子關係滿意度之自我評估研究──新竹科學園區周邊幼兒園所調查之資料分析。輔仁大學生活應用科學系碩士班碩士論文。
張芝鳳(民89)。青少年與父母及與同儕間的依附關係對其自我價值之影響研究。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
張秋蘭(民89)。青少年依附關係、自我尊重與身心健康之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學心輔系研究所碩士論文。
張景然(民81)。青少年犯罪學。臺北:巨流圖書公司。頁72。
梁茂森(民87)。 國中生學習自我效能量表之編製。國立高雄師範大學教育學刊,14期,155-192頁。
徐美鳳(民94)。臺灣南區護專學生父母管教方式、親子關係與其人際互動關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文。
孫淑琴(民89)。學童依附關係、內在運作模式和同儕衝突處理策略之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
許靜芳(民93)。不同社經地位之國小學童家長之父母效能感對家長參與的影響──以彰化縣為例。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
陳小娥、蘇建文(民66)。父母教養行為與青少年生活適應。教育心理學報,10期,91-106頁。
陳李綢、蔡順良(民95)。中學生情緒智慧、同儕人際關係、個人特質、自我效能及生活適應測量研究成果報告。臺灣師大與僑大整合後強化未來發展計畫。
陳淑琦(民87)。大學理工科系學生生涯自我效能、結果預期、職業興趣與職業選擇之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
陳富美(民92)。父母親職效能感、教養行為與子女生活適應的相互影響。載於(黃迺毓編),生命歷程中的家庭教育國際研討會論文手冊,頁1-14。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學。
黃美惠(民96)。國小高年級學童父母自我效能感與親子關係滿意度研究──以雲林縣為例。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
黃凱倫(民80)。幼兒與母親依附關係及其社會行為之研究。國立臺灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文。
黃凱霖(民84)。父母效能感、父母參與以及子女學業成就的關係 。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
黃堅厚(民88)。人格心理學。臺北:心理出版社。
黃郁喬(民94)。離家過程中親子關係的離與合:分離個體化與依戀品質對親子關係滿意度的影響。國立臺灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
楊淑萍(民84)。青少年依附關係、自我尊重與生涯發展之相關研究。臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
廖美淑(民94)。華人社會中男女大學生生活目標、生涯自我效能與親子互動的關係。國立臺灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
趙柏原(民87)。國中學生自我效能、求助態度與課業求助行為之相關研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
歐陽儀(民87)。教養方式與依附關係代間傳遞模式之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
歐陽儀、吳麗娟。(民87)。教養方式與依附關係代間傳遞模式之研究。教育心理學報,30卷,2期,33-58頁。
蔡順良(民97)。青少年多向度自我效能量表。教育心理學報,39卷,測驗與評量專刊,105-126頁。
賴嘉凰(民87)。青少年氣質與父母管教態度對親子關係之影響。國立政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
戴靜文(民91)。青少年不同背景變項、依附風格、知覺父母婚姻衝突與婚姻態度之相關研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
謝茉莉(民92)。影響臺灣南部地區女大學生生涯不確定感因素之探討。諮商輔導文粹:高師輔導所刊,8期, 35-60頁。
羅國英(民90)。青少年親子衝突知覺的演變歷程。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。(計畫編號:NSC 89-2413-H-031-002-SSS)
蘇建文、龔美娟(民83)。母親的依附經驗、教養方式與學前兒童依附關係之相關研究。教育心理學報,27期,1-33頁。
蘇建文(民67)。親子間態度一致性與青少年生活適應。教育心理學報,11期,25-36頁。
歐陽儀、吳麗娟、林世華(民95)。青少年依附關係、知覺父母言語管教、情緒穩定之相關研究。教育心理學報,37卷,4期。319-344頁。
葉光輝(民84)。社會化歷程中的母親教化方式與子女的行為發展。中華心理學刊,37期,149-167頁。
聯合報國際中心(民97年3月24日)。爸媽的呵護老大多3000小時。聯合知識庫。檢索日期:97.3.24:全球資訊網:http://udndata.com/。
臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫。中央研究院調查研究專題中心。檢索日期:97.3.28:全球資訊網:http://srda.sinica.edu.tw/。
謝麗玉(民83)。中國人的養育觀。臺北:張老師出版社。
二、英文部分
Allen, J. P., Moore, C., Kuperminc, G., and Bell, K.(1998). Attachment and adolescent psychosocial functioning. Child Development, Vol. 69, No.5, p.p. 1406-1419.
Armsden, G. C. & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: individual differences and their relationship to psychology well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(15), 427-452.
Bandura, A. (1977a). Self–efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1977b). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1990). Multidimensional scales of perceived self-efficacy. Standford University. CA.: Stanford.
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Bandura, A. ed. (1995). Self-efficacy in Changing Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bandura, A., & Barbaranelli, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-Efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67(3), 1206-1222. Retrieved April 12, 2008, doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep9704150192
Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficay: The Exercise of Control, New York: W.H. Freeman & Company.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development; 72 (1), 187-207.
Bell, M., Billington, R., & Becker, B. (1986). A scale of the assessment of object relations: reliability, validity, and factorial invariance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 733-741.
Bilgin, M. & Akkapulu, E.(2007). Some variables predicting social self-efficacy expectation. Social behavior and personality. 35(6). 777-788.
Bowlby, J. (1978). Attachment and Loss Vol. II : Separation, Anxiety and Anger. NY: Basic INC.
Brody, G. H., Flor, D. L., & Gibson, N. M. (1999). Linking maternal efficacy beliefs, developmental goals, parenting practices, and child competence in rural single-parent African American families. Child Development, 70(5), 1197-1208.
Campbell, E., Adams, G. R., and Dobson, W.R.(1984). Familial correlates of identity formation in late adolescence: a study of the predictive utility of connectedness and individuality in family relations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 13, 509-525.
Caprara, G. V. , Pastorelli, C.Regalia, C., Scabini, E., Sacro Cuore, C. R., Bandura, A. (2005). Impact of Adolescents' Filial Self-Efficacy on Quality of Family Functioning and Satisfaction. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(1), 71-97.
Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H. (2000). Parenting self-efficacy among mothers of school-age children: conceptualization, measurement, and correlates. Family Relations. 49(1). P.13-24.
Erikson, E. H. (1998). The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.
Fernández-Ballesteros, R., Díez-Nicolás, J., Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C., and Bandura, A. (2002). Determinants and structural relation of personal efficacy to collective efficacy. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(1), 107–125.
Gene, H.B., Douglas, L.F., & Nicole, M.G. (1999). Linking maternal efficacy beliefs, developmental goals, parenting practices, and child competence in rural single-parent African American families. Child Development, 70(5), 1197-1208.
Goldberg, Susan (2000). Attachment and Development. NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Harvy, M., & Byrd, M. (2000). Relationships between adolescents’ attachment styles and family functioning. Adolescence, 35(138), 345-356.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 52, 511-524
Holloway, S. D., and Behrens, K. Y. (2002). Parenting self-efficacy among Japanese mothers: qualitative and quantitative perspectives on its association with childhood memories of family relations. New Directions For Child And Adolescent Development, 96, 27-43.
Hudson, D.B., Elek, S.M., and Fleck, M.O. (2001). First-time mothers’ and father’s transition to parenthood: infant care self-efficacy, parenting satisfaction, and infant sex. Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 24, 31-43.
Junttila, N., Vauras, M., and Laakkonen, E. (2007). The role of parenting self-efficacy in children’s social and academic behavior. European Journal of Psychology of Education. Vol.XXII(1), 41-61.
Kendall, S. and Bloomfeild, L.(2005). Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 51(2), 174-181.
Leman, K. (2000). What a Difference Daddy Makes. New York: Thmas Nelson Publishing Group.
Luster, T., & Kain, E. L. (1987). The relation between family context and perceptions of parental efficacy. Early Child Development and Care, 29, 301-311.
Lyddon, W. J., Bradford, E., and Nelson, J. P. (1993). Assessing adolescent and adult attachment a review of current self-report measure. Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 71, 390-395.
Montigny, F. de, Lacharite, C. (2005). Perceived parental efficacy: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49(4), 387-396.
Neivar, M.A. (2006). Parental efficacy, attachment, child self-efficacy-- a comparison of processes among demographic groups. Michigan State University, doctoral dissertation.
Norton, D. E. (2003). Eating and exercise Behavior in preadolescents: Parental influence? Ph. D. dissertation, U.S. California University of California, Sanfrancisco.
Partric, H., Hicks & Iynley. (1997). Relations of perceived social efficacy and social goal pursuit to self-efficacy for academic work. Journal of Early Adolescence, 17(2), 399-410.
Pervin, L. A., Cervone, D., & John, O. P.(2005). Personlality: Theory and Research. 9th ed. NJ: John & Wiley Sons.
Peterson, J. E., Field, J., & Pryor, J. (1994). Adolescents’ perceptions of their attachment relationships with their mothers, fathers. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(5), 579-600.
Rice, G. K., and Cummins, N. P. (1996). Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 50-57.
Shumow, L., & Lomax, R. (2002). Parental efficacy: predictor of parenting behavior and adolescent outcomes. Parenting: Science and Practice, 2(2), 127-150.
Staus, M. B. (1999). No-Talk Therapy For Children And Adolescents. NY: Norton.
Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things “parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19.
Teti, D., & Gelfand, D. (1991). Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the First Year: The Mediational Role of Maternal Self-Efficacy. Child Development, 62(5), 918. Retrieved June 15, 2008, doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep9112161637
Williamson, D. G. (2005). The relationship between perceived early childhood family influence, attachment, and academic self-efficacy: An exploratory analysis. Ph. D. dissertation, Baylor University, Texas.
Wolfe, J. & Betz, N. E. (2004). The relationship of attachment variables to career decision-making self-efficacy and fear of commitment. Career Development Quarterly, 52 (4), 363-369.