研究生: |
徐炘婷 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
新疆地區早石炭紀晚期腕足化石氧同位素之古環境意義 Late Early Carboniferous Xinjiang environment indicated by oxygen isotope records of brachiopods shells |
指導教授: | 米泓生 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2004 |
畢業學年度: | 92 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 77 |
中文關鍵詞: | 腕足動物 、早石炭紀晚期 、新疆伊犁-北天山地區 、氧同位素 、古環境 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:134 下載:10 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究分析新疆伊犁-北天山地區早石炭紀晚期Serpukhovian世的五隻巨大長身貝屬腕足(Gigantoproductus tulensis)化石的碳氧同位素數值,以重建其生存時期的古環境。標本均沿喙部至腹部切割製成薄片,在透射光顯微鏡下觀察薄片微細構造,再於陰極射線顯微鏡下檢視化石薄片是否有發光現象,並拍照紀錄做為微取樣的依據。我們分別採集微細構造保存良好且陰極射線下不發光部份以及發光殼體和圍岩的碳酸鈣粉末,進行碳氧穩定同位素分析。
總計在五隻巨大長身貝屬腕足標本上取得213個採樣點,在氧同位素數值的部份,不發光殼體部份的δ18O數值落在-7.0 ~-1.7之間(平均值為-4.0±1.1,1σ)。五隻巨大長身貝屬腕足殼體的δ18O數值週期性振幅介於0.6~3.7之間,若僅考慮溫度效應,利用溫度公式換算可推得早石炭紀晚期新疆伊犁-北天山地區的年溫差範圍介於3~19℃之間。
本研究推算新疆早石炭紀晚期的δ18O數值與δ13C數值與華南地區數值的涵蓋範圍相近,但比俄羅斯地區的數值為低。觀察三個地區於Serpukhovian階的δ18O值對δ13C值的分佈圖,可發現華南與新疆地區的回歸直線幾乎重疊,而與俄羅斯的回歸直線平行,推測是因為三個地區的地理環境與氣候型態不同所致。若新疆、華南與俄羅斯三個區域的年溫差相近(5℃),則估算出淡水的注入對氧同位素的影響程度以新疆地區最多,可能是由於新疆地區當時為海島型氣候,夏雨多且集中,造成海水受到大量淡水注入影響,使混合後的水體δ18O數值降低。
新疆、華南與俄羅斯三地的δ13C-δ18O回歸線雖然沒有得到海水端的交點,但本研究發現此三個地區的δ18O數值在靠海水端的一側約趨近於-1.5。若當時的溫度為25℃,則海水中的δ18O數值估計約為0.5(V-SMOW),本論文提供了當時的氣候正由早石炭紀的暖期漸漸走向晚石炭紀冰期的證據。
參考文獻
王鈺、金玉玕、方大衛編,1966,腕足動物化石,科學出版社,共702頁。
王慶平、吳慶濤、倫志強、朱玉瑛編,1993,新疆維吾爾自治區區域地質志:中華人民共和國地質礦產部,地質學報,一、區域地質,第32號,地質出版社,共841頁。
王寶瑜、郎智君、李向東、屈迅、李天福、黃誠、崔曦,1994,中國天山西段地質剖面綜合研究,科學出版社,共202頁。
何心一、徐桂榮等編,1987,古生物學教程-第十二章,地質出版社,145-172頁。
陳敘琬,2001,從早石炭紀腕足動物之氧同位素紀錄看中國華南地區古溫度特性:國立台灣師範大學碩士論文,共計91頁。
劉昭民,1982,中國歷史上氣候之變遷,台灣商務印書館,共307頁。
魏國彥、許晃雄編著,1997,全球變遷導論:台灣大學全球變遷研究中心,教育部印行。
Alexander, R. R., 1975, Phenotypic lability of the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata(Ordovician)and its correlation with the sedimentologic regime:Journal of Paleontology, v.49, p.607-618.
Algeo, T. J., Berner, R. A., Maynard, J. B., and Scheckler, S. E., 1995, Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises:Rooted in the evolution of vascular land plants?:GSA Today, v.5, p.45, 64-66.
Amundson, R., Chadwick, O., Kendall, C., Wang, Y., DeNiro, M., 1996, Isotopic evidence for shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns during the late Quaternary in mid-North America:Geology, v.24, p.23-26.
Anderson, T. F., and Arthur, M. A., 1983, Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon and their application to sedimentologic and paleoenvironmental problems, in Arthur, M. A., Anderson, T. F., Kaplan, I. R., Veizer, J., and Land, L. S., eds, Stable isotopes in sedimentary geology:SEPM short Course, no.10, p.1-151.
Attendorn, H.-G., and Bowen, R.N.C., 1997, Radioactive and Stable Isotope Geology:Chapman & Hall, London, 522p.
Bathurst, R. G. C., 1975, Carbonate Sediments and their Diagenesis: Elsevier, Amsterdam, 658p.
Berner, R. A., 1997, The rise of plants and their effect on weathering and atmospheric CO2:Science, v.276, p.554-556.
Berner, R. A., 2001, Modeling atmospheric O2 over Phanerozoic time:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.65, p. 685-694.
Brand, U., 1989, Global climatic changes during the Devonian-Mississippian:Stable isotope biogeochemistry of brachiopod, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.75, p.311-329.
Brand, U., Logan, A., Hiller, N., and Richardson, J., 2003, Geochemistry of modern brachiopods:applications and implications for oceanography and paleoceanography:Chemical Geology, v.198, p.305-334.
Brand, U., and Veizer, J., 1980, Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system –1:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.50, p.1219-1236.
Brand, U., and Veizer, J., 1981, Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system –2:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.51, p.987-997.
Brenchley, P. J., and Harper, D. A. T., 1998, Palaeoecology:Ecosystems, environments and evolution:Chapman & Hall, London, 402p.
Broecker, W. S., 1992, The glacial world, according to Wally:Columbia University Press, 346p.
Bruckschen, P., Bruhn, F., Meijer, J., Stephan, A.,Veizer, J., 1995, Diagenetic alteration of calcitic fossil shells: Proton microprobe (PIXE) as a trace element tool:Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research B, v.104, p.427-431.
Bruckshen, P., Oesmann, S., and Veizer, J., 1999, Isotope stratigraphy of the European Carboniferous:proxy signals for ocean chemistry, climate, and tectonics:Chemical Geology, v. 161, p. 127-163.
Bruckshen, P., and Veizer, J., 1997, Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Dinantian brachiopods:Paleoenvironmental implications for the Lower Carboniferous of West Europe:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.132, p.243-264.
Carpenter, S. J., and Lohmann, K. C., 1995, δ18O and δ13C values of modern brachiopod shells:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.59, p. 3749-3764.
Chen, C.-M., Lu, H.-F., Jia, D., Cai, D., and Wu, S.-M., 1999, Closing history of southern Tianshan oceanic basin, western China:an oblique collisional orogeny:Tectonophysics, v.302, p.23-40.
Curt, T.-C, Liu, L., Chen, P.-J., 1979, Paleontology in China, 1979:selected papers presented at the third General Assembly and twelfth National Meeting of the Palaeontological Society of China, April, 1979:The Geological Society of America Speical Paper, 263p.
Dansgaard, W., 1964, Stable isotopes in precipitation:Tellus, v.16, p.436-468.
Dickins, J. M., 1993, Climate of the late Devonian to Triassic:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.100, p.89-94.
Dodd, J. R., and Stanton Jr., R. J., 1981, Paleoecology, concepts and applications:John Wiley & Sons, New York, 559p.
Edwards, T. W. D., Wolfe, B. B., MacDonald, G. M., 1996, Influence of changing atmospheric circulation on precipitation δ18O- temperature relations in Canada during the Holocene:Quaternary Research, v.46, p.211-218.
Epstein, S., and Mayeda, 1953, Variation of O18 content of waters from nature sources:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.4, p.213-224.
Frank, J. R., Carpenter, A. B., and Ogleshy, T. W., 1982, Cathodoluminescence and composition of calcite cement in the Taum Sauk Limestone(upper Cambrian), southeast Missouri:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.52, p.631-638.
Fricke, H. C., and O’Neil, J. R., 1999, The correlation between 18O/16O ratios of meteoric water and surface temperature:its use in investigating terrestrial climate change over geologic time:Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.170, p.181-196.
Grossman, E. L., 1994, The carbon and oxygen isotopic record during the evolution of Pangea:Carboniferous to Triassic, in Klein, G, D., ed., Pangea:Paleoclimate, tectonics, and sedimentation during accretion, zenith, and breakup of a supercontinent:Geological Society of America Special Paper 288, p.207-228.
Grossman, E. L., Zhang C., and Yancey, T. E., 1991, Stable-isotope stratigraphy of brachiopods from Pennsylvanian shales in Texas:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p.953-965.
Grossman, E. L., Mii, H.-S., and Yancey, T. E., 1993, Stable isotopes in Late Pennsylvanian brachiopods from the United States:Implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 1284-1296.
Grossman, E. L., Mii, H.-S., Zhang, C., and Yancey, T. E., 1996, Chemical variation in Pennsylvanian brachiopod shells-effects of diagenesis, taxonomy, microstructure, and paleoenvironment:Journal of Sedimentary Research, v.66, p.1011-1022.
Gao, J., Li, M., Xiao, X., Tang, Y., He, G., 1998, Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogen, northwestern China:Tectonophysics, v.287, p.213-231.
Hays, P. D., and Grossman, E. L., 1991, Oxygen isotope in meteoric calcite cements as indicators of continental climate:Geology, v.19, p.441-444.
James, N. P., Bone, Y., and Kyser T. K., 1997, Brachiopod δ18O values do reflect ambient oceanography:Lacepede Shelf , southern Australia:Geology, v.25, p.551-554.
Kowalewski, M., Simoes, M. G., Carroll, M., and Rodland, D., 2002, Abundant brachiopods on a tropical, upwelling-influenced shelf(Southeast Brazilian Bight, South Atlantic):Palaios, v.17, p.277-286.
Krause, F. F., Scotese, C. R., Nieto, C., Sayegh, S. G., Hopkins, J. C., Meyer, R. O., 2004, Paleozoic stromatactis and zebra carbonate mud-mounds:Global abundance and paleogeographic distribution:Geology, v.32, p.181-184.
Lee, X., and Wan, G., 2000, No vital effect on δ18O and δ13C values of fossil brachiopod shells, Middle Devonian of China:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.64, p. 2649-2664.
Li, Z. X., and Powell, C. McA., 2001, An outline of the palaeogeographic evolution of the Australasian region since the beginning of the Neoproterozoic:Earth-Science Review, v.53, p.237-277.
Lowenstam, H. A., 1961, Mineralogy, O18/O16 ratios, and strontium and magnesium contents of recent and fossil brachiopods and their bearing on the history of the oceans:The Journal of Geology, v.69, p.241-260.
Meyers, W. J., 1974, Carbonate cement stratigraphy of the Lake Valley Formation(Mississippian), Sacramento Mts., New Mexico:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.44, p.837-861.
Mii, H.-S., and Grossman, E. L., 1994, Late Pennsylvanian seasonality reflected in the 18O and elemental composition of a brachiopod shell:Geology, v.22, p.661-664.
Mii, H.-S., Grossman, E. L., and Yancey, T. E., 1999, Carboniferous isotope stratigraphies of North America:Implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography and Mississippian glaciation:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.111, p.960-973.
Mii, H.-S., Grossman, E. L.,Yancey, T. E., Chuvashov, B., Egorov, A., 2001, Isotopic records of brachiopod shells from the Russian Platform – evidence for the onset of mid-Carboniferous glaciation:Chemical Geology, v.175, p. 133-147.
Mook, W. G., and Vogel, J. C., 1968, Isotopic equilibrium between shells and their environment:Science, v.159, p. 874-875.
Mook, W. G., 1971, Paleotemperatures and chlorinities from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in shell carbonate, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.9, p.245-263.
O’Neil, J. R., Clayton, R. N., and Mayeda, T. K., 1969, Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates:Journal of Chemical Physics, v.51, p.5547-5558.
Pierson, B. J., 1981, The control of cathodoluminescence in dolomite by iron and manganese:Sedimentology, v.28, p.601-610.
Popp, B. N., 1986, The record of carbon, oxygen, sulfur and strontium isotopes and trace elements in late Paleozoic brachiopods:Ph. D. Thesis, University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign, USA, 199p.
Popp, B. N., Anderson, T. F., and Sandberg P. A., 1986a, Brachiopods as indicators of original isotopic compositions in some Paleozoic limestones:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1262-1269.
Popp, B. N., Anderson, T. F., and Sandberg P. A., 1986b, Textural, elemental, and isotopic variations among constituents in middle Devonian limestones, North America1:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.56, p.715-727.
Ronov, A. B., 1982, The Earth’s sedimentary shell:Quantitative patterns of its structure, compositions, and evolution:International Geology Review, v.24, p.1313-1363, 1365-1388.
Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L., Gonfiantini, R., 1993, Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation:Geophysical Monograph, v.78, p.1-36.
Ruddiman, W. F., 2000, Earth’s Climate - past and future:W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 441p.
Rush, P. F., and Chafetz, H. S., 1990, Fabric-retentive non-luminescent brachiopods as indicators of original δ13C and δ18O composition:A test1:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.60, p.968-981.
Samtleben, C., Munnecke, A., Bickert, T., Ptzold, J., 2001, Shell succession, assemblage and species dependent effects on the C / O - isotopic composition of brachiopods – examples from the Silurian of Gotland:Chemical Geology, v.175, p.61-107.
Savin, S. M., 1977, The history the Earth’s surface temperature during the past 100 million year:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v.5, p.319-355.
Schrag, D. P., Depaolo, D. J., and Richter, F. M., 1995, Reconstructing past sea surface temperatures:Correcting for diagenesis of bulk marine carbonate:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.59, p.2265-2278.
Stanley, S. M., 1999, Earth System History:W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 615p.
Tucker, M. E., 1981, Sedimentary Petrology, an Introduction:Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 251p.
Tucker, M. E., 1988, Techniques in Sedimentology:Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 394p.
Urey, H. C., Lowenstam, H. A., Epstein, S., and McKinney, C. R., 1951, Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures of the Upper Cretaceous of England, Denmark, and southeastern United States:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.62, p.399-416.
Veevers, J. J., and Powell, C. McA., 1987, Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional in Euramerica:Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.98, p.475-487.
Veizer, J., Fritz, P., Jones, B., 1986, Geochemistry of brachiopods: oxygen and carbon isotopic records of Paleozoic oceans:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.50, p.1679-1696.
Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., Bruhn, F., Carden, G.iles A. F., Diener, A., Ebneth, S., Godderis, Y., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Pawellek, F., Podlaha, O. G., Harald Strauss, 1999, 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater:Chemical Geology, v.161, p.59-88.
Wang, H.-U., 1998, Oxygen isotope records of Carboniferous seasonality on the Russian platform, M.S. Thesis:Texas A & M University, U.S.A., 51p.
Wang, X.-D., Shen, S. Z., Sugiyama, T., West, R.R., 2003, Late Palaeozoic corals of Tibet(Xizang)and West Yunnan, Southwest China:successions and palaeobiogeography:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.191, p.385-397.
Williams, A., 1968, Evolution of the shell structure of articulate brachiopods:Palaeontological Association of London Special Papers in Paleontology. No.2, 55p.
Yang, Z.-Y., Cheng, Y.-Q., and Wang, H.-Z., 1986, The Geology of China:Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, No.3, 303p.