研究生: |
林湘庭 Lin, Hsiang-Ting |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
教育市場化對美國公立中小學教育的挑戰(1980-2017) The challenges of education marketization for public schooling at the elementary and secondary levels in the United States(1980-2017) |
指導教授: |
周愚文
Chou, Yu-Wen |
口試委員: |
秦夢群
Chin, Meng-Chun 葉坤靈 Yeh, Kuen-Ling 周愚文 Chou, Yu-Wen |
口試日期: | 2023/07/27 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育學系 Department of Education |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 182 |
中文關鍵詞: | 中小學教育 、教育市場化 、美國教育改革 、特許學校 |
英文關鍵詞: | primary and secondary education, education marketization, American education reform, charter schools |
研究方法: | 歷史研究法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301289 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:137 下載:25 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究為歷史研究,探討1980年至2017年教育市場化對美國公立中小學的挑戰。在此期間,1983年《國家在危機中》揭示美國面臨的經濟和教育國際競爭壓力,自由市場理念支持者M. Friedman、R. Budde、A. Shanker、J. Chubb 和T. Moe,建議以教育券和特許學校提升教育品質。考量美國公共教育目追求公義或卓越的衝突,1990年後,聯邦政府遂以「全體卓越」(excellence for all)主張,積極推動市場化教育改革,包括柯林頓政府的《目標2000年:美國教育法》和《改進美國學校法》,小布希政府的《沒有一個孩子落後法》,以及歐巴馬政府的「邁向巔峰」補助方案、「州共同核心標準」、「《沒有一個孩子落後法》豁免計畫」和《每個學生都成功法》。
本研究主要的發現可分為三大方面。在理論層面上,以自由市場理念主導的公共教育改革,在30年中逐漸變形,原引入市場機制是為協助公立學校改善,後漸以提供不同選擇、績效責任為由,推動學校私有化和廢除公立學校,有壓縮社會公義空間之慮。在政策層面上,透過分析「學校選擇」、「高素質」和「績效責任」對公立中小學的挑戰,本研究揭示,三屆聯邦政府對義務教育的改革聚焦社會效率,亦即實質強調卓越,公義的維護退居次位,並未達兩者兼顧的理想。最後,除上述理論和政策,富人和企業家資助的「公益創投」,也由私人管道促進學校私有化,其成員的同質性,恐將注重少數而非大眾利益。此種為追求卓越引進市場化及私有化的作法,可能影響社會公義;若我國中小學教育欲引進美國種種教育改革,政府應以此警惕。
The aim of this historical study is to explore the challenges of education marketization for public schooling at the elementary and secondary levels in the United States from 1980 to 2017 and then to provide advice for applications in Taiwanese education. In 1983, A Nation at Risk revealed the United States was facing the economic and educational pressure both internationally and domestically. As for domestic pressure in the field of education, free-market advocates, such as M. Friedman, R. Budde, A. Shanker, J. Chubb, and T. Moe, recommended vouchers and charter schools to improve the quality of public education. Fraught with tensions between social efficiency and social justice, the federal government actively promoted market-based education reforms with the initiative of ‘excellence for all’ after 1990, including the Clinton Administration's Goal 2000: The American Education Act and the Improving America's Schools Act, the George W. Bush Administration's NCLB, and the Obama Administration's RTT Grant Program, CCSS, NCLB Waiver Program, and ESSA.
The main findings of this study are presented from three dimensions. First, at the theoretical level, the education reform in public schooling led by free-market ideas has gradually evolved over the past 30 years. That is to say, the market mechanism was originally introduced to improve public schools, but it turned out to promote privatization of education and abolition of public schools and then was regarded as a risk of hindering social justice. Second, at the policy level, the education reforms by three federal governments focused on social efficiency rather than social justice by analyzing the challenges of the policies of ‘school choice’, ‘high quality’ and ‘accountability’ for public schools. Third, ‘venture philanthropy’ funded by wealthy individuals and entrepreneurs also promoted the privatization of schools through private channels. The wealthy are similar in that they are likely to focus more on their personal good than the common good. If so, introducing marketization and privatization into the public schooling in the United States in pursuit of excellence might negatively influence social justice. If Taiwan introduces such ideas mentioned above into public schooling at elementary and secondary levels, Taiwanese government should be more vigilant.
壹、中文
周愚文(2014)。教育史學研究。臺灣師大出版中心。
周愚文(2021)。晚清教育制度西化的前奏─癸卯學制頒行前西式教育的借入。臺灣師大出版中心。
秦夢群(2004)。美國教育法與判例。高等教育。
秦夢群(2014)。美國特許學校經營與成效之研究。教育資料與研究,115,169-192。
秦夢群(2015)。教育選擇權研究。五南。
教育部(2022a)。國民中小學校概況統計(110學年度)。作者。
教育部(2022b)。110學年學校基本概況統計結果提要分析。作者。
許添明(2003)。教育財政制度新論。高等教育。
郭少棠(1994)。西方的巨變:1800-1980。書林。
陳成宏(2016)。「沒有孩子落後」之後:NCLB 豁免計畫的角色定位、法理基礎與實施爭議之探討。教育科學研究期刊,61(1),69-89。
陳露茜、李朝陽(譯)(2010)。美國教育史:一場偉大的美國實驗(原作者:Webb, D. L.)。時代。(原著出版年:2005)
黃昆輝(2019)。邁向公義與卓越——臺灣教育的問題與對策。財團法人黃昆輝教授教育基金會。
鄭世興(1990)。中國現代教育史(再版)。三民。
謝文全(2018)。教育行政學(六版)。高等教育。
中國知網:http://cnki.sris.com.tw/kns55/default.aspx
臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統:https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=BMNpb6/result#result
貳、英文
10 states freed from some “No Child Left Behind” requirements | CNN Politics. (2012, February 9). CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/09/politics/states-education/index.html
Anheier, H. K. (2010). International encyclopedia of civil society. Springer.
Apple, M. W., & Pedroni, T. C. (2005). Conservative alliance building and african American support of vouchers: The end of Brown’s promise or a new beginning? Teachers College Record, 107(9), 2068–2105.
Ball, S. J. (1997). Education reform : A critical and post-structural approach. Open University Press.
Ball, S. J. (2009). Privatising education, privatising education policy, privatising educa- tional research: Network governance and the ‘competition state’. Journal of Education Policy, 24(1), 83–99.
Ball, S., & Youdell, D. (2008). Hidden privatization in public education. Education International.
Bartlett, L., Frederick, M., Gulbrandsen, T., & Murillo, E. (2002). The marketization of education: Public schools for private ends. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 33(1), 5–29.
Best, J. H. & Sidwell, R. T. (Eds.)(1967). The American legacy of learning. The readerings of history of education. J. B. Lippincott.
Black, D. W. (2020). Schoolhouse burning: Public education and the assault on American democracy. Hachette Book Group.
Boyles, D. (2018). American education and corporations. Routledge.
Budde, R. (1988). Education by charter: Restructuring school districts. The Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast & Islands.
Burch, P. (2021). Hidden markets: Public policy and the push to privatize education. Routledge.
Burris. C., Pfleger., R. (2020). Broken promises: An analysis of charter school closures from 1999-2017. https://networkforpubliceducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Broken-Promises-PDF.pdf
Calhoun, D. (Ed.)(1969). The educating of Americans: A documentary history. Houghton Mifflin.
Carlson, D.(2023). Charter schools and English learners in the lone star state. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/research/charter-schools-and- english-learners-lone-star-state
Chubb, J. E. & Moe, T. M. (1990). Politics, markets, and America's schools. Brookings Institution.
Cohen, S. (Ed.)(1974). Education in the United States. A documentary history. Vol.1-5. Ramdon House.
Council of Chief State School Officers. (2010). Common core state standards for English language arts & literacy in History/ Social Studies, Science, and technical subjects. https://learning.ccsso.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ELA_Standards1.pdf
Cremin, L. A., & Borrowman, M. L. (1956). Public schools in our democracy. The Macmillan.
Cubberley, E. P. (1919). Public education in the United States: A study and interpretation of American educational history. Houghton Mifflin.
Cubberley, E. P. (1948). The history of education; educational practice and progress considered as a phase of the development and spread of western civilization. Houghton Mifflin.
Cunningham, M. T. (2021). Dark money and the politics of school privatization. Palgrave Macmillan.
De Young, C. A., & Wynn, R. (1968). American education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
DeAngelis, C. A., Wolf, P. J., Maloney, L. D., May, J. F. (2020). Charter school funding: Inequity surges in the cities. University of Arkansas, Department of Education Reform.
Department of Education. (2009). Race to the top program: Executive summary. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED557422.pdf
Department of Education. (2010). A blueprint for reform. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED508795.pdf
Department of Education. (2012a). ESEA Flexibility Request for Window3. https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.html
Department of Education. (2012b). ESEA flexibility (Updated June 7). https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.html
Department of Education. (2015a). Race to the top. https://oese.ed.gov/offices/office-of-formula-grants/school-support-and-accountability/esea-flexibility/
Department of Education. (2015b). Every student succeeds act: A progress report on elementary and secondary education. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/ESSA_Progress_Report.pdf
Digest of Education Statistics, 2022. (n.d.). Nces.ed.gov. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_214.10.asp
Fitz, J., & Beers, B. (2002). Education management organisations and the privatisation of public education: A cross-national comparison of the USA and Britain. Comparative Education, 38(2), 137–154.
Forster, G., & Thompson, C. B. (2011). Freedom and school choice in American education. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fraser, J. W. (Ed.)(2019). School in the United States. A documentary history(4th ed). Routledge.
Friedman, M. & Friedman, R. (1980). Free to choose. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago University of Chicago Press.
Friedman, M.(1955). The role of government in education. In R. Solo (Ed.), Economics and the public interest. Rutgers University Press.
Glaser, R. (1987). The nation's report card: Improving the assessment of student achievement. National Academy of Education.
Goals 2000: Education America Act, 20U.S.C. § 5801etseq. (1994). https://www.congress.gov/103/statute/STATUTE-108/STATUTE-108-Pg125.pdf
Griffith, D. (2022). Still rising: Charter school enrollment and student achievement at the metropolitan level. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/research/still-rising-charter-school- enrollment-and-student-achievement-metropolitan-level.
Griffith, D. (2023). Think again: Do charter schools drain resources from traditional public schools? https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/research/think-again-do-charter-schools-drain-resources-traditional-public-schools
Gutek, G. L. (1991). An historical introduction to American education. Waveland Press.
Hartnett, A. (1998). Spinning, shaming and winning:New right into new labor-the metamorphosis of educational policy in England and Wales , 1976-97. Curriculum Studies, 6(3), 341-355.
Hess, F. M., & Finn, C. (2007). No remedy left behind: Lessons from a half-decade of NCLB. AEI Press.
Hogan, A., & Thompson, G. (2017). Commercialization in education. Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Education. https://oxfordre.com/education/education/ abstract/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-180
Hoxby, C. M. (2002). How school choice affects the achievement of public school students. In P. T. Hill (Ed.), Choice with equity. Hoover Institute Press.
Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994, 20U.S.C. § 6301etseq. (1994). https://www.congress.gov/103/statute/STATUTE-108/STATUTE-108-Pg3518.pdf
Irwin, V., Wang, K., Tezil, T., Zhang, J., Filbey, A., Jung, J., Bullock Mann, F., Dilig, R., and Parker, S. (2023). Report on the condition of education 2023 (NCES 2023-144). U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2023144.
Jennings, J. (2015). Presidents, congress, and the public schools. The politics of education reform. Harvard Education Press.
Kaestle, C. F. (1983). Pillars of the republic: Common schools and American society, 1780-1860.Hill and Wang.
Kantor, H. (1991). Education, social reform, and the state: ESEA and federal education policy in the 1960s. American Journal of Education, 100(1), 47–83.
KIPP. (2006). KIPP Report Card 2006. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2006.zip
KIPP. (2007). KIPP Report Card 2007. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2007.zip
KIPP. (2008). KIPP Report Card 2008. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2008.zip
KIPP. (2009). KIPP Report Card 2009. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2009.zip
KIPP. (2010). KIPP Report Card 2010. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2010.zip
KIPP. (2011). KIPP Report Card 2011. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2011.zip
KIPP. (2012). KIPP Report Card 2012. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2012.zip
KIPP. (2013). KIPP Report Card 2013. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2013.zip
KIPP. (2014). KIPP Report Card 2014. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2014.zip
KIPP. (2015). KIPP Report Card 2015. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2015.zip
KIPP. (2016). KIPP Report Card 2016. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2016.zip
KIPP. (2017). KIPP Report Card 2017. https://www.kipp.org/wp-content/uploads/report-card-results/national/2017.zip
Kraushaar, O. F. (1976). Private schools: From the puritans to the present. The Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation.
Lowe, R. (1993). The welfare state in Britain since 1945. Red Globe Press.
Lubienski, C.& Linick, M. (2011). Quasi-markets and innovation in education. Die deutsche Schule, 103(2), 139-157
Marginson, S. (1997). Markets in education. Allen & Unwin.
McFarland, J., Cui, J., Holmes, J., and Wang, X. (2019). Trends in high school dropout and completion rates in the United States: 2019 (NCES 2020-117). U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Public charter school enrollment. condition of education. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cgb
National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). NAEP history and innovation. https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/about/timeline.aspx
National Center for Educational Statistics. (2021). Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary students and schools, by traditional or charter school status and selected characteristics: School years 2011-12 and 2021-22. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_216.30.asp?current=yes
National Center for Educational Statistics. (2022a). Private elementary and secondary schools and enrollment, percentage distribution of private schools and enrollment, and private schools and enrollment as a percentage of total public and private schools and enrollment, by locale: 2009-10 and 2019-20 (Table 205.90).https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_205.90.asp?current=yes
National Center for Educational Statistics. (2022b). Public elementary and secondary charter schools and enrollment, and charter schools and enrollment as a percentage of total public schools and total enrollment in public schools, by state: Selected school years, 2000-01 through 2021-22 (Table 216.90). https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_216.90.asp?fbclid=IwAR2EBlyvEHry24GnrAEnI183uimT0PErdDcLUcNLYYlkZfFTxlILklrdQXw
Neem, J. N. (2017). Democracy’s schools: The rise of public education in America. Johns Hopkins University Press.
No Child Left Behind, 20U.S.C. § 6301etseq. (2002). https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ110/PLAW-107publ110.pdf
Picciano, A. G., & Spring, J. H. (2013). The great American education-industrial complex. Routledge.
Race to the Top. (2012). The White House. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/education/k-12/race-to-the-top
Ravitch, D. (2001). Left back : A century of failed school reforms. Simon & Schuster.
Ravitch, D. (2016a). Reign of error. The hoax of the privatization movement and the danger to America’s public schools. Vintage.
Ravitch, D. (2016b). The death and life of the great American school system: How testing and choice are undermining education. Basic Books.
Ravitch, D. (2019). The wisdom and wit of Diane Ravitch. Garn Press.
Reckhow, S. (2013). Follow the money: how foundation dollars change public school politics. Oxford University Press.
Reese, W. J. (2005). America’s public schools: From the common school to “No child left behind”. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rippa, S. A. (1997). Education in free society: An American history (8th edition). Longman.
Rury, J. L. (2020). Education and social change: Contours in the history of American schooling (6th ed.). Routledge.
Saltman, K. (2011). The rise of venture philanthropy and the ongoing neoliberal ssault aon public education. In W. H. Watkins, The assault on public education: Confronting the politics of corporate school reform (pp. 55-72).Teachers College Press.
Schneider, J. (2011). Excellence for all: How a new breed of reformers is transforming America’s public schools. Vanderbilt University Press.
Shakeel, M. D. & Peterson, P. E.(2021). Charter schools show steeper upward trend in student achievement than district schools. Charter Schools, Schools Choice, 21(1). https://www.educationnext.org/charter-schools-show-steeper-upward-trend-student-achievement-first-nationwide-study/
Spring, J. (1997). The American schools 1642-1996(4thed.). Mcgraw-Hill.
Spring, J. (2022). American education (20th ed.). Routledge.
Steinberg, M., P., & Yang, H. (2020). Teacher effectiveness and improvement in charter and traditional public schools. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/research/teacher-effectiveness-and-improvement-charter- and-traditional-public-schools
Teske, P., Schneider, M., Buckley, J., & Clark, S. (2001). Does charter school competition improve traditional public schools? (Civic Report 10). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED469277.pdf
The National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. United States Department of Education.
The National Council on Education Standards and Testing. (1992). Raising standards for American education. A report to congress, the secretary of education, the national education goals panel, and the American people. The U.S. Government Printing Office.
Thomas, J. Y., & Brady, K. P. (2005). Chapter 3: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act at 40: Equity, accountability, and the evolving federal role in public education. Review of Research in Education, 29(1), 51–67.
Thomas, N. C. (1983). The Development of Federal Activism in Education. Education and Urban Society, 15(3), 271–290.
Timbane, P. M. (1978). The federal interest in financing schooling. Cambridge.
Tyack, D. B. (1974). The one best system: A history of American urban education. Harvard University Press.
Tyack, D. B. (1976). Pilgrim’s progress: Toward a social history of the school superintendency, 1860-1960. History of Education Quarterly, 16(3), 257–300.
Urban, W. J., & Wagoner, J. L. (2013). American education: A history (5thed.). Routledge.
Verger, A., Fontdevila, C., & Zancajo A. (2017). Multiple paths towards education privatization in a globalizing world: a cultural political economy review, Journal of Education Policy, 32(6), 757-787
Wang, K. Rathbun, A. & Musu, L. (2019). School choice in the United States 2019. National Center for Education Statistics Institute of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2019/2019106.pdf
Whitty, G. (1997). Creating quasi-markets in education: A review of recent research on parental choice and school autonomy in three countries. Review of Research in Education, 22, 3–47.
Whitty, G., & Power, S. (2000). Marketization and privatization in mass education systems. International Journal of Educational Development, 20(2), 93–107.