研究生: |
劉彤昱 Liu, Tung-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
大專院校職涯中心之學生職涯服務的個案研究 A Case Study on Career Service of Career Center for Students at the University |
指導教授: |
黃乃熒
Whang, Nai-Ying |
口試委員: |
黃乃熒
Whang, Nai-Ying 陳玉娟 Chen, Yu-Chuan 丁一顧 Ting, Yi-Ku |
口試日期: | 2022/10/07 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育政策與行政研究所 Graduate Institute of Educational Policy and Administration |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 161 |
中文關鍵詞: | 職涯中心 、職涯發展 、職涯準備 |
英文關鍵詞: | career center, career development, career readiness |
研究方法: | 個案研究法 、 文件分析法 、 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205203 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:155 下載:50 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究為個案研究,旨在了解大專院校職涯中心在達成其職涯輔導的宗旨過程中,具備哪些功能及服務項目,且該功能由何種運作方式來達成,在面對不同的利害關係人時,又面臨了哪些挑戰及因應方式。在研究方法上,採用訪談法及文件分析,透過訪談職涯中心人員、學生、教師、校友與企業,以及分析職涯中心所有的法規及其官方網站,拼湊出大專院校職涯中心目前所提供的功能、還可以增添的功能,以及該功能目前如何被運作,職涯中心又可以如何增進其運作方式。最後,再透過與不同利害關係人之訪談,羅列出個案學校職涯中心在面對校內其他單位、教師、學生、校友與企業時,各自面臨到了哪些挑戰。最後,綜合過往文獻及利害關係人觀點,擬出職涯中心可能的因應之道。
根據研究結果,個案學校之職涯中心目前在功能上具有職涯發展的支持及職涯準備的充分兩大功能,而為了達成該功能,職涯中心透過體驗教育、職涯測驗、職涯資源利用宣傳、就業講座與就業市場了解之服務項目來支撐之。在運作方式上,個案學校之職涯中心將中心承辦人員視為資源整合者之角色,以整合校內外職涯資源;面對不同利害關係人如學生及企業,也能推行自助式服務以服務之。在可能的挑戰上,研究者發覺職涯中心在推行職涯議題時,容易受到校內其他單位之拒絕,且在面對學生時,普遍有宣傳成效不彰、學生對中心認識不足、未能評估不同性質學生需求以提供相應服務的情形。在面對企業時,則面臨了如何邀請到心儀的廠商進入校園徵才之困境;面對校友,則需再思索中心對於校友之服務提供範疇為何。
本研究建議職涯中心能強化宣傳管道促進全校師生對中心之認識,且評估學生需求方能提出適合於學生的服務項目,更需完善合作網絡擴大職涯計畫之推動。在針對學生的建議上則分為兩部分,分別是主動尋求資源是開展職涯的第一步、持續探索方能勾勒自身職涯的樣貌。以及針對企業之建議則為應在就業博覽會時確實傳遞招募條件。在後續研究的建議上,分別是研究主題上可關注職涯中心與企業、校友各自的互動,以及研究方法上可以以量化分析追蹤校友職涯發展狀況,並回頭檢視系所培育目標。
The case study is aims to understand the functions, operation of career center when achieving career guidance for students, also attempts to realize the challenges for career center when interacting with stakeholders, also focuses on the way to resolve these challenges. For research methods, the researcher adopts interviews and document analysis, by interviewing with career center staff, students, faculty, alumni, enterprise, and analyzing the rules or official website of career center, the researcher answers the questions about what functions do the career center have, and how do they operate the functions. From the perspectives of teachers, students, enterprise and alumni, should they add any function for students, and how can they enhance the operation for functions individually. Therefore, researcher lists the challenges for career center when they interact with stakeholders, also provides some ways to overcome these challenges.
According to research results, career center provides the supports in career development and career readiness through experimental education, career test, rich resources, career lecture and the activities for knowing the market. When talking about the operations, career center views their staffs as integrators to integrate career resources. When facing the stakeholders such as students and enterprises, they offer self-service to deal with their problems. For challenges, researcher finds refusing is common, students are not familiar with career center, and career center also doesn’t provide appropriate services for every student. When facing enterprises, how to invite their topic company is the crucial challenge, and should career center have to offer services for alumni is another challenge when interacting with alumni.
Researcher advises career center three tips, there are promoting more, evaluating accurately and completing their networking. For students, researcher provides tow suggestions, such as be more positive for their career development and seek for resources actively. For enterprise, researcher thinks they have to express the conditions precisely when recruiting in universities. For the future researches, researcher list two points, such as the topics and research methods for other researchers.
Career就業情報(2020)。CPAS人才測評網—測驗簡介。https://cpas.career.com.tw/CPAS/userplane/submenu_display.asp?menu_id=3&submenu_id=417。
大學入學考試中心(2014)。大學入學考試中心興趣量表,https://career.ceec.edu.tw/StudentSection/Introduce。
王文科、王智弘(2010)。質的研究的信度和效度。彰化師大教育學報,17,29-50。
王志鈞(2019年4月3日)。別忽略實習的重要性。自由時報—王志鈞專欄。https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2747463。
行政院(2009)。教育部提報「培育優質人力促進就業計畫」。https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/9277F759E41CCD91/f24dee21-161a-4a99-b535-5715538aa47c。
行政院青年輔導委員會(2009a)。98 年大專青年就業力現況調查報告。行政院青年輔導委員會調查報告。行政院青年輔導委員會。
行政院青年輔導委員會(2009b)。98年大專青年暨少年趨勢調查報告。行政院青年輔導委員會調查報告。行政院青年輔導委員會。
行政院青年輔導委員會(2011)。提升青年就業力計畫成效評估暨就業力調查研究。行政院青年輔導委員會。
行政院青輔會大專校院北一區職涯發展資源中心(2008)。行政院青年輔導委員會設置大專校院職涯發展資源中心實施要點(96年核定修正)。http://www.takming.edu.tw/jobman/nyc/pages/from.htme。
吳芝儀(2012)。大專青年就業力、就業職能與職場職能之內涵探究。當代教育研究,20(2),1-45。
林忻怡、鍾翔雲(2015)。臺北科大提升實務加乘效應的校外實習制度。評鑑雙月刊,54,17-21。
林幸台、田秀蘭、張小鳳、張德聰(2003)。生涯輔導。國立空中大學出版。
邱智漢、李蓓芬、王靜瑛(2021)。由職業適性測驗探討大學生職涯輔導策略。大仁學報,54,125-135。
金樹人(2003)。生涯輔導人員課程設計後續研究。行政院青年輔導委員會青年輔導實務報告。行政院青年輔導委員會。
金樹人(2018)。生涯諮商與輔導。東華。
金樹人、林清山、王淑敏(1989)。大專院校學校輔導中心與畢業生(實習)就業輔導室實施生涯輔導之困難及改進途徑之研究。教育心理學報,22,147-165。
金樹人、林清山、田秀蘭(1989)。我國大專學生生涯發展定向之研究。教育心理學報,22,167-190。
張愷晏(2009)。社會變遷對大學畢業生的影響及學校諮商介入策略。諮商與輔導,277,7-10。
張德聰、林一真、彭慧玲(2010)。生涯發展輔導師:能力指標暨本土化課程研發研究報告。行政院青年輔導委員會研究報告。行政院青年輔導委員會。
郭萱瑞(2012)。社會變遷對當代大學生職涯發展輔導的挑戰及反思。家庭教育雙月刊,40(11),77-82。
陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。五南。
陳曉靚、薛月娥(2021)。大學生實習計畫於其職涯發展之重要性。臺灣教育評論月刊,10(2),93-97。
葉重新(2017)。教育研究法(第三版)。心理。
楊朝祥(1984)。生計輔導—終生的輔導歷程。行政院青年輔導委員會。
詹博宇(2014)。青年就業力以及職涯輔導單位效用調查研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣科技大學。
劉孟奇、邱俊榮、胡均力(2006)。在正式教育中提升就業力:大專畢業生就業力調查報告。行政院青年輔導委員會調查報告。臺北:行政院青年輔導委員會。
劉思煌(2013)。我國大專校院學生職涯輔導需求之研究—以高屏區為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東教育大學。
蔡文彬、葉慶鴻(2018)。學生職涯輔導過程中之學務工作角色與其成效—以遠東科技大學為例。學生事務與輔導,57(2),11-26。
鄭博真(2017)。科大應屆畢業生核心就業力表現與職涯輔導參與之研究。國立臺灣科技大學人文社會學報,13(1),65-94。
賴志峰(2012)。不用數字的學校領導研究:以個案研究為主。學校行政,78,1-24。
Access Economics (2006). The economic benefits of career development services. Scoping study by Access Economics Pty Ltd for the Career Industry Council of Australia.
Adamuti-Trache, M., Zhang, Y. L., & Barker, S. L. (2020). Texas Perspectives on College and Career Readiness: An Examination of CTE-Supported Endorsements in Public High Schools. Career and Technical Education Research, 45(2), 59–78.
Adelman, C. (1999). Answers in the tool box. Academic intensity, attendance patterns, and bachelor’s degree attainment. National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, and Lifelong Learning website. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED431363
Advance CTE. (2018). Career readiness and the every student succeeds act: Mapping career readiness in state ESSA plans. https://cte.careertech.org/sites/default/files/files/resources/Mapping_Career_ Readiness_ESSA_FULL_2017.pdf
Alleman, N.F., & Holly, L.N. (2014). The role of rural communities in the postsecondary preparation of low-income students. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 19 (3-4), 148-168.
Anders, G. (2017). You can do anything: The surprising power of a “useless” liberal arts education. New York, Little, Brown and Company.
Anna. (2019). The Importance of an Internship: Top 5 Reasons Why Internships Are Critical. https://capital-placement.com/blog/the-importance-of-an-internship-top-5-reasons-why-internships-are-critical/
August, R. A. (2020). Understanding Career Readiness in College Student-Athletes and Identifying Associated Personal Qualities. Journal of Career Development, 47(2), 177–192.
Babbush, E. D., Bormann, A. C., Nance, W. H., & Thronson, H. A. (1982). College relations & recruiting: A guide for developing an effective program. Bethlehem, The College Placement Council.
Baldwin, C., Alfred, R. L., & Sydow, D. L. (2017). The completion agenda in community colleges: What is it, why it matters, and where it’s going. Rowman & Littlefield.
Bandura (1977). A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bergman, J. (1974). Are little girls being harmed by Sesame Street? In J. Stacey, A Bereaud, J Daniels (Eds.), And Jill came tumbling after: Sexism in American education. Dell
Bern, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
Birnbaum, R. (1988). How colleges work: The cybernetics of academic organization and leadership. Jossey-Bass.
Blume, G. H., & Zumeta, W. M. (2014). The state of state college readiness policies. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(8), 1071-1092.
Blustein, D. L. (1989). The role of career exploration in the career decision making of college students. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 111-117.
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (5th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Braman, S. (1989) Defining information: an approach for policymakers. Telecommunications Policy, 13, 233-242
Bridgstock, R., Grant-Iramu, M., & McAlpine, A. (2019). Integrating Career Development Learning into the Curriculum: Collaboration with the Careers Service for Employability. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 10 (1), 56–72.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Brown, D. (2002). The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction, and success: A theoretical statement. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80, 48-56.
Brown, K.E. (2015). Employability and the Liberal Arts: A Career Readiness Initiative. Thought and Action.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Lexington, Digital Frontier Press.
Burk, R.J. and Ng, E. (2006). The changing nature of an organization: Implications for human resource management. Human Resources Management Review, 16, 86-94.
Byun, S. Y., Irvin, M. J., & Meece, J. L. (2012). Predictors of bachelor's degree completion among rural students at four-year institutions. The Review of Higher Education, 35(3).
Byun, S. Y., Irvin, M. J., & Meece, J. L. (2015). Rural/nonrural differences in college attendance patterns. Peabody Journal of Education, 90(2), 263–279.
Byun, S., Meece, J. L., Agger, C.A. (2017). Predictors of college attendance patterns of rural youth. Research in Higher Education, 58, 817- 842.
Callanan, G. A., Perri, D. F., & Tomkowicz, S. M. (2017). Career management in un- certain times: Challenges and opportunities. The Career Development Quarterly, 65(4), 353–365.
Cambridge Dictionary (2021). Translation of Serendipity. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/serendipity
Cammann, S. V. R. (1967). Christopher the Armenian and the Three Princes of Serendip. Comparative Literature Studies, 4(3), 229–258.
Carnevale, A. P., & Rose, S. J. (2015). The economy goes to college: The hidden promise of higher education in the post- industrial service economy. Washington, Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce.
Carver, D. S., & Smart, D. W. (1985). The effects of a career and self-exploration course for undecided freshmen. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(1), 37–43.
Casella, D. A. (1990). Career networking - The newest career center paradigm. Journal of Career Planning & Employment, 50(4), 32-39.
Choo, C.W. (1995) Information Management for the Intelligent Organisation: the Art of Scanning the Environment. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
Conchas, G. Q. (2001). Structuring failure and success: Understanding the variability in Latino school engagement. Harvard Educational Review, 71(3), 475-504.
Cook, E. P., O’Brien, K. M., & Heppner, M. J. (2004). Career counseling from an ecological perspective. In Ecological counseling: An innovative approach to conceptualizing person- environment interaction. pp.219–241 Alexandria, American Counseling Association.
Courtney Rubin (2021). 4 Things to Look For in College Career Services. U.S. News. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/things-to-look-for-in-college-career-services
Cramer, S. H., Herr, E. L., & Niles, S. G. (2004). Career guidance and counseling through the lifespan.
Cresswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design (2nd ed.). Thousand
Crites. J. O. (1981). Career Counseling: Models, Methods, and Materials. McGraw Hell.
Cruzvergara, C. Y., Testani, J. A., & Smith, K. K. (2018). Leadership competency expectations of employers and the expanding mission of career centers. New Directions for Student Leadership, 157, 27–37.
Dailey, S. L. (2016). What Happens Before Full-Time Employment? Internships as a Mechanism of Anticipatory Socialization. Western Journal of Communication. 80 (4),453–480.
Daniels (Eds.). And Jill came tumbling after: Sexism in American education. Dell.
Dario, Š., Šteti , S. (2017). The role and importance of internship programs as part of formal education: Students' perceptions: The case of college of tourism. Turisticko poslovanje. 19, 51-60.
Dey, F., & Cruzvergara, C. Y. (2014). 10 future trends in college career services. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140715120815-31028715-10-future-trends-in-college-career-services
Economics, A. (2006). The economic benefits of career development services. A scoping study by Access Economics Pty Limited for the Career Industry Council of Australia, CICA). http://www.cica.org.au
Fitzgerald, L. F., & Ctites, J. O. (1980). Toward a career psychology of women: What do we know? What do we need to know? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 44-62.
Folsom, B., & Reardon, R. (2003). College career courses: Design and accountability. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 421– 450.
Foundation for Young Australians. (2015). The New Work Smarts: Ensuring young Australians have skills and experience for the jobs of the future, not the past. https://www.fya.org.au/report/the-new-work-smarts/
Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14–38.
Gándara, P., Gutiáez, D., & O'Hara, S. (2001). Planning for the future in rural and urban high schools. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 6 (1-2), 73-93.
Garis, J. (2014). Value-added career services: Creating college/university-wide systems. New Directions for Student Services, 148, 19–34.
Ginzberg, E., Ginsburg, S. W., Axelrad, S., & Herma, J. (1951). Occupational choice: An approach to a general theory. Columbia University Press.
Griffin, D., Hutchins, B. C., & Meece, J. L. (2011). Where do rural high school students go to find information about their futures? Journal of Counseling and Developing, 89(2), 172-181.
Guthrie, K. L., & Bertrand Jones, T. (2012). Teaching and learning: Using experiential learning and reflection for leadership education. In K. L. Guthrie & L. Osteen (Eds.), New directions for student services: No. 140, Developing students’ leadership capacity. pp.53-63. San Francisco, Wiley.
Gysbers, N. C. (2013). Career ready students: A goal of comprehensive school counseling programs. The Career Development Quarterly, 61, 283–288.
Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18, 326–339.
Hardré, P., Sullivan, D., & Crowson, H. (2009). Student characteristics and motivation in rural high schools. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 24(16), 1-19.
Hardwick, J. D. (2001). Faculty perceptions of the role of student affairs staff in student learning (Accession Order No. 3008693) (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Hart Research Associates. (2015). Falling short? College learning and career success. https://aacu.org/leap/public-opinion-research/2015-survey-results
Hartley, S. (2017). The fuzzy and the techie: Why the liberal arts will rule the digital world. New York, Mariner Books.
Herr, E. L., & Cramer, S. H. (1996). Career guidance and counseling through the life span: Systematic approaches. Harper Collins College Publishers.
Hirschi, A. (2018). The fourth industrial revolution: Issues and implications for career research and practice. The Career Development Quarterly, 66, 192– 204.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hu, S. (2003). Educational aspirations and postsecondary access and choice: Students in urban, suburban, and rural schools compared. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(14), 1- 13.
Irvin, M.J., Meece, J.L., Byun, S., Farmer, T.W., Hutchins, B.C. (2011). Relationship of school context to rural youth’s educational achievement and aspirations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(9), 1225-1242. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10964-011-9628-8
Jashim Uddin Ahmed (2010). Documentary Research Method: New Dimensions. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4 (1), 1-14.
Jordaan, J. P. (1963). Exploratory behavior: The formation of self and occupational concepts. In D. E. Super (Ed.), Career development: Self-concept theory,42-78. College Entrance Examination Board.
Kandiko, C. B., & Mawer, M. (2013). Student expectations and perceptions of higher education. King’s Learning Institute.
Kauffman, W. E. (1989). Thought on the leading-edge career center of the ’90s. Journal of Career Planning & Employment, 49(2), 3-6.
Kirk, Joyce (1999) "Information in organizations: directions for information management" Information Research, 4(3). http://informationr.net/ir/4-3/paper57.html
Koricich, A., Chen, X., & Hughes, R.P. (2018). Understanding the effects of rurality and socioeconomic status on college attendance and institutional choice in the United States. The Review of Higher Education, 41(2), 281-305.
Krumboltz, J. D. & Levin, A. S. (2004). Luck Is No Accident: Making the Most of Happenstance in Your Life and Career. Impact Publishers.
Krumboltz, J. D. (1998). Serendipity is not serendipitous. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 390-392.
Lotich, P. (2019). 8 Components of an Effective Internship Program. https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/sample-internship-program
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford Univ. Press.
Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in Adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. Wiley.
Marlin, C. (2007) Understanding and meaning of employability in changing career contexts Journal of European Industrial Training, 3(4), 258-284
Marshall, J.G., Morgan, J.C., Rathbun-Grubb, S., Marshall, V.W., Barreau, D., Moran, B.B., ... Thompson, C.A. (2010). Toward a Shared Approach to Program Evaluation and Alumni Career Tracking: Results from the Workforce Issues in Library and Information Science 2 Study. Library Trends 59(1), 30-42.
Martinez, C., & Mendoza, C. (2020). College and Career Readiness Opportunities for Latinx English Learners in Urban High Schools. Journal of Urban Learning, Teaching, and Research, 15(1), 30–50.
McIlveen, P., Everton, B., & Clarke, J. (2005). A university career service and social justice. Australian Journal of Career Development, 14(2), 63–71.
McKenzie, S., Coldwell-Neilson, J., & Palmer, S. (2017). Informing the Career Development of IT Students by Understanding Their Career Aspirations and Skill Development Action Plans. Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(1), 14–23.
McNeil, A. (2013). Co-op and Career Centres and Faculty Collaborating to Support Graduate Students’ Career Success. English Studies in Canada, 39(4), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1353/esc.2013.0050
Mitchell, L. K., Jones, G. B., & Krumboltz, J. D. (1979). Social Learning and career decision making. Carroll Press.
Mogalakwe Monageng. (2006). The Use of Documentary Research Methods in Social Research. African Sociological Review, 10 (1), 221–230.
Murray, M. (2008). When War Is Work: The G.I. Bill, Citizenship, and the Civic Generation. California Law Review, 96(4), 967–998.
National Association of Colleges and Employers. (2016). Career readiness defined. https://www.naceweb.org/career-readiness/competencies/career-readiness-defined/
Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2016). Improving college access in the United States: Barriers and policy responses. Economics of Education Review, 51, 4– 22
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Houghton Mifflin. Psychology, 66, 73-75.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students. Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Patton, W., McMahon, M (2006). The Systems Theory Framework of Career Development and Counseling: Connecting Theory and Practice. Int J Adv Counselling, 28, 153–166.
Pew Research Center. (2016). The state of American jobs. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/
Philip H. Mirvis, Douglas T. Hall (1994). Psychological success and the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 365-380.
Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Free Press.
Powell, C. R., & Kirts, D. K (1980). Career services today: A dynamic college profession. Bethlehem, The College Placement Council.
Prins, E., & Kassab, C. (2017). Rural/non-rural differences among Pennsylvania FAFSA applicants pursuing the same type of postsecondary degree. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 32(7), 1-16.
Provasnik, S., KewalRamani, A., Coleman, M. M., Gilbertson, L., Herring, W., & Xie, Q. (2007). Status of education in rural America. U.S. Department of Education.
Pryor, John, et al. (2012) The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2012. Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
Purcell, K., Elias, P., Ellison, R., Atfield, G., Adam, D., & Livanos, I. (2008). Applying for Higher Education–the diversity of career choices, plans and expectations. Manchester, HECSU.
Ragan, D. D. (2018). A Structured Course for Personal and Professional Development. Honors in Practice, 14, 43–57.
Rayman, J. R. (Ed.). (1993). The changing role of career services. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Reardon, R. C., Melvin, B., McClain, M. C., Peterson, G. W., & Bowman, W. J. (2015). The career course as a factor in college graduation. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 17, 336– 350.
Reardon, R., & Fiore, E. (2014). College career courses and learner outputs and outcomes, 1976–2014 (Technical Report No. 55). https://career.fsu.edu/sites/g/files/imported/storage/original/application/1b68db078f1cf9a964208a907318c64a.pdf
Reardon, R., Zunker, V., & Dyal, M. (1979). The status of career planning programs and career centers in colleges and universities. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 28(2), 154–159.
Regan, J.A., & Graham, C. (2018). A Career in Professional Services: Accident, Serendipity or Something More? Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 40(1), 3–17.
Rice, A. (2014). Incorporation of Chance Into Career Development Theory and Research. Journal of Career Development, 41(5), 445–463.
Richardson, S. (2006). What is a skill shortage? National Institute of labour studies, Flinders University, Adelaide.
Roberts, J. K., & Grant, P. D. (2021). What We Know and Where to Go: A Systematic Review of the Rural Student College and Career Readiness Literature and Future Directions for the Field. Rural Educator, 42(2), 72–94.
Rufai, A. U., Bakar, A. R. B., & Rashi, A. B. M. (2015). Developing a Sustainable Practical Model of Graduate Employability for Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 3(1), 42–51.
Sarason, I. G. (1963). Test anxiety and intellectual performance. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(1), 73–75.
Saunders, M., Hamilton, E., Fanelli, S., Moya, J., & Cain, E. (2013). Linked Learning: A guide to making high school work. UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access.
Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A development theory of vocational behavior. In D. Brown and Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.109
Schlesinger, J., O’Shea, C., & Blesso, J. (2021). Undergraduate Student Career Development and Career Center Services: Faculty Perspectives. Career Development Quarterly, 69(2), 145–157.
Schoen, J. W. (2015). Why does a college degree cost so much? https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/16/why-college-costs-are-so-high-and-rising.html
Scott, G. J. (1983). The career planning and placement office: Implications for the future. Bethlehem, College Placement Council Foundation.
Scott, J. 1990. A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Polity Press.
Shapiro, D., Dundar, A., Huie, F., Wakhungu, P. K., Yuan, X., Nathan, A., & Bhimdiwala, A. (2017). Completing college: A national view of student completion rates--fall 2011 cohort. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED580318
Stanton-Salazar, R. D. (1997). A social capital framework for understanding the socialization of racial minority children and youths. Harvard Educational Review, 67(1), 1-41.
Stebleton, M. J., Kaler, L. S., Diamond, K. K., & Lee, C. (2020). Examining career readiness in a liberal arts undergraduate career planning course. Journal of Employment Counseling, 57(1), 14–26.
Stephens, E. W. (1970). Career counseling and placement in higher education: A student personnel function. Bethlehem, The College Placement Council.
Stevens, N. D. (1965). A changing concept of college placement. Journal of College Student Personnel, 6, 233-235.
Stone, J. R., III, & Alfeld, C. (2006). The neglected majority—Revisited. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 21, 61–74.
Stonebraker, I., Maybee, C., & Chapman, J. (2019). Undergraduate students’ experiences of using information at the career fair: A phenomenographic study conducted by the libraries and career center. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 45(4), 358–367.
Super, D. E. (1957). The Psychology of careers. Harper & Row.
Super, D. E. (1976). Career education and the meaning of work. Monographs on career education. The office of Career Education, U.S. Office of Education.
Super, D. E. (1976). Career education and the meaning of work. Monographs on career education. The office of Career Education, U.S. Office of Education.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 282–298.
Super, D. E. (1984). Career and life development. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, and Associates, (Eds.), Career choice and development. pp.192-234. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, and Associate, (Eds.), Career choice and development. pp.197-261. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Teal, E. A., & Herrick, R. F. (Eds.) (1962). The Fundamentals of College Placement. Bethlehem, The College Placement Council.
The U.S. Department of Education (2010). A Blueprint for Reform: The reauthorization of the elementary and secondary education act. https://www2.ed.gov
Tiedeman, D. V., & O’Hara, R. P. (1963). Career Development: Choice and adjustment. College Entrance Examination Board.
United States. Women's Bureau. (1974). The Myth and the reality. (Rev. May 1974.). U.S. Dept. of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Women's Bureau: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
University of British Columbia(2022). Career Development. https://alumni.ubc.ca/careers/
University of Michigan(2022). Alumni Career Program. https://alumni.umich.edu/career/
Vernick, S., Garis, J., & Reardon, R. (2000). Integrating service teaching and research in a comprehensive university career center. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, 16(1), 7– 24.
Vinson, B. M., Reardon, R. C., & Bertoch, S. C. (2014). Career services at colleges and universities: A 30-year replication study. Journal of College Student Development, 55(2), 203–207.
Wessel, R. D. (1998). Career centers and career development professionals of the 1990s. Journal of Career Development, 24(3), 163–177.
Williams, J.H. (2005). Cross-national variations in rural mathematics achievement: A descriptive overview. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 20(5).
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, Sage.