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研究生: 何思柔
Ho, Szu-Jou
論文名稱: 中文時態副詞「曾(經)」和「已(經)」之意義研究
A Meaning Analysis of Chinese Temporal Adverbs Ceng(jing) and Yi(jing)
指導教授: 李臻儀
Li, Jen-I
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 時態副詞情狀語意時制時貌級差
英文關鍵詞: temporal adverbs, situation semantics, tense, aspect, scale
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202978
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:157下載:32
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  • 本研究旨在探討中文時態副詞「曾(經)」和「已(經)」之意義,並一併討論情狀類型(situation type)與其搭配之適切性。

    本研究採用Reichenbach(1947)之三個時點關係結構以及Kennedy(2007)之級差(scale)理論來分析「曾(經)」和「已(經)」。本研究主張「曾(經)」為一過去時間副詞,其語意轄域(scope)內之情狀的事件時間(event time)必須先於說話者講述該情狀的說話時間(speech time);「已(經)」則表現出兩類語意,其一為相對過去(relative past),另一為級差關係,即指出其語意轄域內之情狀已達到某級差關係中的特定門檻。

    鑑於「曾(經)」和「已(經)」必須依附於情狀,本研究另闢單章探討其搭配適切性。本研究採用Tai(1984)之情狀區分,將中文情狀分為狀態(State)、活動(Activity)及結果(Result)。「曾(經)」除與絕對(absolute)狀態次類不相容外,與其餘情狀皆相容;「已(經)」亦表現出類似的相容性,然在非絕對(non-absolute)狀態及慣性(habitual)狀態次類表現出侷限性的語意。

    This thesis examines the meanings of the Chinese temporal expressions ceng(jing) and yi(jing) and their compatibility with different situation types.

    In this thesis, previous studies of ceng(jing) and yi(jing) are first discussed and commented, and then the meanings of the two temporal adverbs are examined via Reichenbach (1947) and the scale structure, particularly Kennedy (2007). Ceng(jing) is suggested to be a past time adverb that obligates the event time (E) to precede the speech time (S). On the other hand, yi(jing) is suggested to have two different meanings. First, it can be a relative past, showing the order of the event time (E) preceding the reference time (R). The other meaning is illustrated by scale structure, where yi(jing) marks a threshold of degree-relevant contexts.

    The compatibility between ceng(jing)/yi(jing) and the situation types are also discussed since they are indispensable to forming meaningful ceng(jing)/yi(jing) sentences. In this thesis, Tai’s (1984) classification of Chinese situation types into States, Activities and Results is adopted. Ceng(jing) is found to be compatible with all the situation types except the absolute subtype of States; yi(jing) shows a similar pattern but is more restricted in meanings when it comes to the non-absolute and habitual subtypes of States.

    摘要 i Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents v List of Tables vii Abbreviations viii Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Purposes of the Study 4 1.3 Organization of the Thesis 5 Chapter Two: Literature Review of Cengjing and Yijing 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Previous Studies on Cengjing 7 2.3 Previous Studies on Yijing 15 2.4 Summary 21 2.5 Inadequacies of Previous Works 25 Chapter Three: A Semantic Analysis of Cengjing and Yijing 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Cengjing 36 3.2.1 A Review of Reichenbach (1947) 36 3.2.2 A Reichenbach-based Analysis of Cengjing 39 3.3 Yijing 46 3.3.1 A Review of Scale 46 3.3.1.1 The Ontology of Scale 46 3.3.1.2 Kennedy’s (2007) Structure of Scale 47 3.3.1.3 On Degrees, Ordering Relation and the Dimension of Measurement 48 3.3.1.4 Scale across Word Classes 51 3.3.2 A Reichenbach (1947) and Scale-based Analysis of Yijing 52 3.3.2.1 Relative Past 53 3.3.2.2 Meanings beyond Time 54 3.4 Summary of the Analysis 58 Chapter Four: Cengjing, Yijing and Situation Types 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 A Review of Smith (1997) 62 4.3 A Review of Tai (1984) 67 4.4 The Similarity and Difference between Smith (1997) and Tai (1984) 70 4.5 Cengjing and Situation types 71 4.5.1 Cengjing and States 72 4.5.2 Cengjing and Activities 75 4.5.3 Cengjing and Results 77 4.5.4 Summary 79 4.6 Yijing and Situation types 80 4.6.1 Yijing and States 80 4.6.2 Yijing and Activities 82 4.6.3 Yijing and Results 84 4.6.4 Summary 85 4.7 Compatibility between Cengjing/Yijing and Situation Types: Summary 86 Chapter Five: Conclusion 87 5.1 Summary of the Study 87 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions 88 References 91

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