研究生: |
宋婕 Song, Jie |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以動力系統的架構探討不同項目運動員的跑步動力型態 Exploring the running dynamics of different sports background from the Dynamical Systems perspective |
指導教授: |
劉有德
Liu, Yeou-Teh |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
運動競技學系 Department of Athletic Performance |
論文出版年: | 2018 |
畢業學年度: | 106 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 50 |
中文關鍵詞: | 動力系統理論 、短距離跑 、相平面 、相對相位 |
英文關鍵詞: | dynamical systems theory, short distance run, phase plane, relative phase |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.DAP.004.2018.F03 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:232 下載:90 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
跑步為所有陸上運動的基礎。即使在該項運動競賽中沒有實際跑步的技術內容,在進行體能訓練時也往往會以跑步的方式實施。由於跑步常被視為一般人均具備的能力,在競技運動項目中,除了徑賽項目的運動員外,較少針對跑步的動作進行訓練。許多對速度有較高需求的運動項目,如籃球、足球、棒球等,也很少針對跑步技術進行訓練。動力系統理論是一種以數學模式檢驗系統中動力變化的工具。在動力系統理論的架構下,可以利用觀察狀態域(state space)中動力變化的圖形以及量化次序參數(order parameter)的方式,了解系統中動力質與量的變化。本研究以動力系統的理論架構,比較徑賽項目優秀運動員與非徑賽賽項目優秀運動員在短距離跑步的動力狀況。實驗招募大專甲組徑賽短跑運動員及橄欖球運動員共15位,進行三種速度的60公尺衝刺跑,以三台數位攝影機串連方式拍攝跑步過程,拍攝的影片以Simi Motion 動作分析系統擷取下肢運動學資料,並以左右腿與額面的角度、角速度及相對相位進行圖型及量化分析。研究結果發現三種速度結果的呈現是由步長及步速兩種策略調整而來的,在速度持續增加時步長與步速都會增大,而慢速跑中步長與步速則不會持續往上增加。在跑步的過程中兩腿是呈現反相動作,當速度變慢時反相的協調型態有較大的起伏,出現較不穩定的現象,同時短跑選手動作協調的穩定度也高於橄欖球選手。本研究除提供以動力系統理論進行跑步動作型態分析之應用外,亦可作為不同競技運動項目運動員檢驗跑步動作的方法。
Running is the fundamental skill of all land-based sports. Coaches also often prescribe running in the training program to enhance physical fitness. However, specific running skills have rarely been emphasized in sport training except for athletes of the track events. Even for the sports where moving speed of the players is in great demand such as basketball, soccer, and baseball, running skill has rarely been found in the training program. Dynamical Systems Theory adopts mathematical models to analyze the dynamics of interest. Under the framework of the dynamical systems theory, we may observe the changes in the dynamic state of the system and quantify the value of the order parameter to understand the qualitative and quantitative changes of the system dynamics. Based on the dynamical systems theory, the purpose of the study was to compare the dynamics of running between the elite athletes of sprinters and non-sprinters. Fifteen division A collegiate sprinters and rugby athletes performed 60m run in 3 speeds. Three digital cameras, placed in concatenation, were used to videotape the runs. The movement kinematics of the legs were digitized with the Simi Motion movement analysis system, and the angles of the left and right legs with respect to the frontal plane were used to derive the relative phase for further quantitative and graphical analyses. The results showed that the 3 running speeds were the results of adjusting step length and step speed. During the speed up phase, both step length and step speed increased. The step length and step speed did not continue to increase for the medium and slow speed runs. The two legs were in anti-phase during running and larger oscillations around the anti-phase were observed for the lower speed runs. In addition, the sprinters also showed a more stable anti-phase coordination than the rugby athletes. The current study applied the dynamical systems theory in analyzing running dynamics. This method may be applied to examine the running movements/dynamics for athletes of different events.
1.中文摘要
王秀銀 (2008)。2007年我國世界大學運動會女子足球選手衝刺能力之研究。文化體育學刊,6,1-5。
王甯、劉有德 (2014)。蝶泳運動動作型態之分析. 大專體育學刊, 16(4), 403-411
王秀銀、薛惠玲 (2010)。衝刺能力對足球運動之影響。大
專體育,108。
王裕翔、廖翊宏、孫正諺、周峻忠(2014)。台灣優秀大學橄欖球前鋒與後衛之一般體能差異比較。運動生理暨體能學報,18,1-9。
王光濤、陳贊如、蔡麗玉、陳順勝(1896)。台灣優秀大學橄欖球前鋒與後衛之一般體能差異比較。運動生理暨體能學報 ,18期, 1-9。
中華民國田徑協會。民 106 年 4 月 7 日,取自:http://163.17.55.5/ugame2017/。
金良遠、葉良志 (2007)。田徑百公尺短跑項目中途跑支撐時期技術分析。臺中學院體育, 4 193-196。
余雪安、張家豪、葉良志(2016)百公尺途中跑支撐時期地面反作用力的控制與運動表現。運動教練科學,42
李鴻棋(2001)籃球運動訓練科學。中華民國體育總會九十年運訓練法研討會。台北:中華民國體育總會,6-7。
邱金治(2012)排球運動移動能力運用之探析。大專體育,122:39-46。
林國華、劉強(2007)壘前與壘後起跑方式之生物力學分析。大專體育學刊,9(1),47-55。
高幸利、陳佳慧、王月琪、蕭博仁(2009)。不同下肢動力檢測方式對高中女生羽球選手移位速度之相關探討。運動教練科學 ,15期,43-52。
陳帝佑、徐明城(2012)彰化師大體育學報。11,83 -93
陳德盛、王月琪、蔡宗晏、張嘉澤、陳佳慧(2016)臺灣體育學術研究。60期,21-37
陳順義 (1998):籃球各位置球員間基本技術及競技技術的描述性分析。1998 年國際大專運動教練科學研討會論文集,113-123 頁。
陳寶億、曹校章(2007)。循環訓練在橄欖球選手體能訓練上之應用。大專體育,92,18-24。
曹校章、陳寶億(2006)。淺談橄欖球運動員之選材。大專體育雙月刊,84,145-151。
張世聰、陳淑貞(2007)青少年軟網選手不同 準備位置對遠身截擊腳步移位速度及離網 距離之研究。運動教練科學,8,77-86。
莊國良、黃姿榕、劉有德(2015)。複雜系統與二語學習華語文教學研究。 12卷4期,77-109。
莊國禎、張振崗(2014)。七人制橄欖球的生理需求與訓練。國立臺灣體育運動大學學報,3卷1期, 55-64。
葉志仙(1993)跑壘員應注意事項。兄弟棒球雜誌,13卷,45-47頁。
蔡政霖、林清忠(2010)。運動生理學在橄欖球運動訓練上的應用。中華體育季刊,24(1),1-12頁。
簡鴻玟 (1995)。黃信平跑百公尺技術之生物力學研究。體育學報,20,225-236。
劉淑華(2007)100公尺跑分段速度參數之相關研究,9卷2期,83-96
蘇宣輔、劉于詮、林漢森、黃泰源(2011)。馬克操高抬腿與一般抬腿動作抬腿腳運動生物力學分析。長榮運動休閒學刊,85-93。
2.英文摘要
Abraham, R. H., & Shaw, C. D. (1984). Dynamics: the geometry of behavior. Part one: periodic behavior. Aerial P..
Bongers, R. M., Fernandez, L., & Bootsma, R. J. (2009). Linear and logarithmic speed–accuracy trade-offs in reciprocal aiming result from task-specific parameterization of an invariant underlying dynamics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(5), 1443.
Bushnell, T., & Hunter, I. (2007). Differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners at equal and maximal speeds. Sports Biomechanics, 6(3), 261-268.
Duthie, G., Pyne, D., Marsh, D., & Hooper, S. (2006). Sprint patterns in rugby union players during competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(1), 208-214
Guiard, Y. (1993). On Fitts's and Hooke's laws: Simple harmonic movement in upper-limb cyclical aiming. Acta psychologica, 82(1), 139-159.
Haken, H., Kelso, J. S., & Bunz, H. (1985). A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements. Biological Cybernetics, 51(5), 347-356.
Hedger, S. (1999). Injury Prevention, A Success Story. Sports Coach, 23 No 12000 ,37-38.
Hausswirth, C., & Lehenaff, D. (2001). Physiological demands of running during long 。
Hunter, J. P., Marshall, R. N., & McNair, P. J. (2004). Interaction of step length and step rate during sprint running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(2), 261-271.
Li, L., van den Bogert, E. C., Caldwell, G. E., van Emmerik, R. E., & Hamill, J. (1999). Coordination patterns of walking and running at similar speed and stride frequency. Human Movement Science, 18(1), 67-85.
Liu, Y. T., Mayer-Kress, G., & Newell, K. M. (1999). A piecewise linear, stochastic map model for the sequential trial strategy of discrete timing tasks. Acta Psychologica, 103(1-2), 207-228.
Liu, Y. T., Hsieh, T. Y., & Newell, K. M. (2013). Drift and diffusion in movement adaptation to space-time constraints. Motor control, 17(4), 323-339.
Liu, Y-T., & Newell, K. M. (2015). S-shaped motor learning and non-equilibrium phasetransitions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41, 403-414.
Mackala, K. (2007). Optimisation of performance through kinematic analysis of the different phases of the 100 metres. New Studies in Athletics, 22(2), 7.
Palut, Y., & Zanone, P. G. (2005). A dynamical analysis of tennis: Concepts and data. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1021-1032.
Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919-932.