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研究生: 廖庭儀
Liao, Ting-Yi
論文名稱: 自然回饋強度對運動技能學習曲線結構之影響
The Influence of Natural Feedback Intensity on Motor Skill Acquisition
指導教授: 劉有德
Liu, Yeou-Teh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 112
中文關鍵詞: 動力系統運動技能學習學習曲線控觸覺回饋自然回饋
英文關鍵詞: dynamical systems, motor learning, learning curve, haptic feedback, nature feedback
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:279下載:11
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  • 自然回饋是多數運動技能學習過程中主要的來源,而由於自然回饋的操弄不易,其對運動學習影響的文獻缺乏,因此在動力系統的架構下,以學習曲線的分析探討不同自然回饋強度對運動技能學習的影響。本研究的問題為:(一)不同自然回饋強度是否造成不同的學習率?(二)在相同起始行為下,先學習較困難組與先學習較容易組,其學習率的比較。(三)在轉移前、轉移後個人學習曲線適配,對數函數或是指數函數較為適配?回饋強度以相同的總質量,不同的轉動慣量來界定控觸覺回饋強度,以可程式控制器進行穩定時間的測量,實驗參加者共計16名,分派至20﹪--80﹪組、80﹪--20﹪組二組,每組各8名,紀錄前測30﹪、20﹪、80﹪、後測30﹪的穩定時間進行指數函數與對數函數的非線性迴歸分析、穩定時間的比較,本研究的結論為:(一)相同的總質量,不同的轉動慣量造成不同動作的難度。轉動慣量愈大,動作難度較低,動作表現較佳;轉動慣量愈小,動作難度較高,動作表現較差。(二)操弄不同的學習順序先學簡單或困難組對不同階段的影響,練習效果—先學習較困難組表現上優於先學習較簡單組:學習效果—二組間沒有顯著差異。(三)轉移的閾值設定過低,無法說明在不同學習階段學習曲線為何種型態。

    關鍵詞:動力系統(dynamical systems)、運動技能學習(motor learning)、學習曲線(learning curve)、控觸覺回饋(haptic feedback)、自然回饋(nature feedback)

    Nature feedback is the main source of feedback in motor learning process. Because natural feedback is not easily manipulated, there has been few natural feedback-related studies in the motor learning literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the intensity of natural feedback on motor skill acquisition under the dynamical systems framework.
    Three research problems were raised in this study: 1. Did the intensity level of natural feedback affect practice performance? 2. Did the order of practice condition affect learning? 3. Which fitting function, exponential or power law, had better fitting result for the learning curves? Sixteen college students participated in this experiment. The participants were assigned to one of the two groups: 20%-80% and 80%-20%. The balance time of each condition was analyzed for performance. The results showed that: 1. Larger moment of inertia provides stronger haptic feedback which resulted in a easier task; 2. Practice more difficult task first resulted in better performance, but had no effect on learning; and 3. The data analyzed could not provide support for either exponential or power law learning function because the criterion of success was set too low.

    Keywords: dynamical systems, motor learning, learning curve, haptic feedback

    目次 中文摘要------------------------------------------------- Ⅰ 英文摘要------------------------------------------------- Ⅱ 謝誌---------------------------------------------------- 目次---------------------------------------------------- Ⅳ 表次---------------------------------------------------- Ⅸ 圖次---------------------------------------------------- Ⅹ 第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------- 1 第一節 研究背景-------------------------------------- 1 第二節 研究重要性------------------------------------ 2 第二章 文獻探討----------------------------------------- 4 第一節 運動學習理論基礎------------------------------- 4 一、傳統的學習理論----------------------------------- 4 (一)閉鎖環理論------------------------------------- 4 (二)基模理論--------------------------------------- 5 (三)小結------------------------------------------ 7 二、探索策略----------------------------------------- 7 (一)協調、控制與技能--------------------------------- 7 (二)協調型態的形成---------------------------------- 8 (三)小結------------------------------------------ 8 三、動力系統的學習理論-------------------------------- 9 (一)自微觀至宏觀均可以動力系的架構來探討-------------- 9 (二)以動力系統之架構描述分歧的現象-------------------- 12 第二節 回饋------------------------------------------ 12 一、回饋的來源--------------------------------------- 12 (一)自然回饋-------------------------------------- 13 (二)外加回饋--------------------------------------- 13 二、小結-------------------------------------------- 15 第三節 周邊神經系統----------------------------------- 16 第四節 控觸覺與相關研究------------------------------- 17 一、動態觸覺----------------------------------------- 17 二、知覺回饋----------------------------------------- 18 三、控觸覺回饋--------------------------------------- 18 四、控觸覺相關研究----------------------------------- 20 第五節 轉動慣量的物理定律----------------------------- 22 一、質量分布----------------------------------------- 22 二、旋轉軸------------------------------------------ 22 第六節 運動學習理的學習曲線---------------------------- 23 一、學習曲線的定義----------------------------------- 23 二、學習曲線型態------------------------------------- 24 (一)對數函數-------------------------------------- 24 (二)指數函數--------------------------------------- 25 (三)S型、雙曲線------------------------------------- 26 三、動力系統的預測----------------------------------- 27 四、協調曲線的學習曲線-------------------------------- 28 五、小結-------------------------------------------- 28 第七節 研究問題--------------------------------------- 28 第三章 研究方法與步驟---------------------------------- 30 第一節 研究對象-------------------------------------- 30 第二節 名詞解釋-------------------------------------- 30 第三節 實驗設計-------------------------------------- 31 第四節 研究儀器與場地佈置----------------------------- 32 第五節 研究步驟與流程--------------------------------- 37 第六節 資料處理與分析--------------------------------- 38 第七節 研究限制-------------------------------------- 38 第四章 結果-------------------------------------------- 40 第一節 整體學習概況----------------------------------- 40 一、試作的概況-------------------------------------- 40 二、轉移的概況------------------------------------- 40 三、穩定時間--------------------------------------- 41 (一)學習效果-------------------------------------- 41 (二)練習表現-------------------------------------- 42 第二節 學習曲線適配----------------------------------- 43 一、個人學習曲線—轉移前----------------------------- 43 二、個人學習曲線—轉移後----------------------------- 44 三、個人學習曲線—未轉移------------------------------ 45 四、群體學習曲線的適配------------------------------- 47 第三節 關鍵性震動------------------------------------ 49 第五章 討論-------------------------------------------- 51 第一節 轉動慣量大小與控觸覺回饋強弱--------------------- 51 一、轉動慣量大.自然回饋強---------------------------- 51 二、先學習困難的動作有助於練習表現---------------------- 52 (一)表現效果--------------------------------------- 53 (二)學習效果-------------------------------------- 53 第二節 控觸覺回饋的學習函數---------------------------- 54 一、學習曲線的適配----------------------------------- 54 二、個人資料適配------------------------------------- 55 三、群體資料適配------------------------------------- 55 四、全部成功轉移的所有試作之適配----------------------- 56 五、每位參加者的所有試作------------------------------ 58 六、不同指數函數的適配------------------------------- 58 第三節 轉移前的關鍵性震------------------------------- 59 第四節 整體練習的情形與實驗設計------------------------ 60 一、同一天的練習------------------------------------- 60 二、成功閾值的設定過低-------------------------------- 61 三、遷移測驗的試作次數太少、熱身效應影響大--------------- 61 第五節、轉移成功者的性別、運動特質----------------------- 64 第六章 結論與建議-------------------------------------- 65 第一節 結論------------------------------------------ 65 第二節 建議------------------------------------------ 65 參考文獻------------------------------------------------ 67 附錄一 轉動慣量積分的公式----------------------------- 74 附錄二 參加者基本資料--------------------------------- 76 附錄三 參加者須知與同意書----------------------------- 77 附錄四 外加重量在20﹪轉移前指數函數與對數函數適配圖------- 79 附錄五 外加重量在80﹪轉移前指數函數與對數函數適配圖------- 81 附錄六 外加重量在20﹪轉移後指數函數與對數函數適配圖------- 83 附錄七 外加重量在80﹪轉移後指數函數與對數函數適配圖------- 85 附錄八 外加重量在20﹪未轉移後指數函數與對數函數適配圖----- 89 附錄九 外加重量在80﹪未轉移後指數函數與對數函數適配圖----- 93 附錄十 外加重量在20﹪所有試作指數函數與對數函數適配圖----- 95 附錄十一 外加重量在80﹪所有試作指數函數與對數函數適配圖--- 101 附錄十二 以不同的指數函數適配結果的R2值與對數函數R2值的比較表---------------------------------------- 107 附錄十三 20%-80%組所有試作的動作表現圖----------------- 109 附錄十四 80%-20%組所有試作的動作表現圖----------------- 111

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