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研究生: 賴念華
Nien-Hwa Lai
論文名稱: 災後心理重建歷程之合作行動研究
Study of Co-operative Action Inquiry on After-Disaster Psychological Rehabilitation Process
指導教授: 陳秉華
Chen, Ping-Hwa
甄曉蘭
Chen, Hsiao-Lan
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2002
畢業學年度: 90
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 241
中文關鍵詞: 心理重建表達性藝術治療危機處理學校基礎合作行動研地震災難
英文關鍵詞: psychological rehabilitation, expressive art therapy, crisis management, school-based, co-operative action inquiry, earthquake disaster
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本研究的主要目的是在台灣「九二一大地震」後,以台北「凱悅安心服務站」為例,以行動研究來探討心理衛生工作者在災後危機處理的行動方案及策略;接著進入中部災區之「山城國小」,藉行動研究來探討「表達性藝術治療」在災後心理重建工作的行動方案及策略;並建構以「學校為基礎」的災後心理重建之行動方案;最後,反思災後心理衛生工作者的轉換歷程。
    本研究在「凱悅安心服務站」部分,以服務台北東星災區安置在凱悅飯店之災民為對象,工作時間包括一個月的災後駐站服務,以及撤站後持續為期兩年的案家服務歷程;隨即在災後三個月與藝術治療種子教師進入「山城國小」,依照該校需求調整災後心理重建工作方案,其中包括為期半年的「兒童假日生活營」,以及為該校教師、家長舉辦的「親師懇談會」,在災後十五個月進行該校「教師成長工作坊」。本研究在處理災後心理重建歷程中發現,因工作時間、對象、地點的轉換,需透過不斷的督導與省思來產出新的行動策略,以因應災後混亂現場的變化。同時研究者的角色與行動也隨著進入時間有所轉換;進入現場前,我以一位諮商實務工作者產生行動,企圖解決災後現場問題為始;到現場後,發現需與其他心理衛生工作者及教師合作進行「協同研究」;最後,發現心理衛生工作者對現場理解依舊十分有限,而邀請山城教師共同進行「合作行動研究」的過程。
    經歷長達二年介入災後現場工作,研究結果依著時間序分別以台北「凱悅安心服務站」、山城國小之「兒童假日生活營」、「親師懇談會」、「災後教師成長工作坊」四部分呈現;每一部份都以敘說方式描寫,將過程中的省思與行動策略一併呈現。之後,我與一位案主的互動歷程,以及合作行動研究者之信件對話的會心過程,以詩作文本呈現在第五章「生命交會的對話」,藉以凸顯助人工作中「關係與理解」的重要。
    最後,依本研究過程整理出「表達性藝術治療」處理災後哀傷、失落的行動方案與策略;災後心理衛生工作者危機時期的行動策略;災後以學校為基礎的心理重建工作方案;災後研究者對心理衛生工作者、研究方法、以及在專業知識與專業中的自我省思。本研究藉由省思中再反思來產出新的視框,透過不斷的互動與對話來理解災後現場的人、事、物,進而能對本土災後心理重建歷程多了一份瞭解與再建構。

    The primary purpose of study is to make use of action inquiry to investigate the action alternative and strategy of mental health workers during after-disaster crisis management after “September 21st Earthquake” in Taiwan, while the case of “Hyatt Consolation Service Station” is exploited as illustration. Next, the focus of the study is moved to the “Mountainous Primary School” in central Taiwan, where the earthquake had done massive devastation. With action inquiry, expressive art therapy is employed to explore action alternative and strategy for after-disaster psychological rehabilitation. Furthermore, action alternatives with school-based psychological rehabilitation will be construed; at the end, the processes and mechanism of transformation of the mental health workers are being reflected after calamity.
    With regard to the study of “Hyatt Consolation Service Station”, the service is mainly rendered to those victims of Tung-Sing Building in Taipei and they are being accommodated at Hyatt Hotel. The duration of servicing for the after-disaster care rendered to them include one-month after-disaster station service and two-year housing service after the station is pulled out. And three months right after disaster, seedling teachers of art therapy start to reside at the “Mountainous Primary School” and psychological rehabilitation alternatives adjusted to the needs of the school are formulated. Of these alternatives, they include half-year “Children Holiday Camp” for the school children and “Parent-and-Teacher Discussions” for the parents and teachers; and there is also “Teacher Growth Workshop” conducted fifteen months after the disaster. It is found during psychological rehabilitation that after the disaster endless supervision and reflection have to be conducted in order to bring forth new action strategies so that the changes of after-disaster chaotic situations can be coped with. At the same time, the role and actions of the researchers begin to change with time; before being accepted to the accident site, I am working as a counseling practitioner to bring out actions in order to deal with the problems that are directly related to the disaster. After getting to the site, it is found that I have to conduct collaboration inquiry with other mental health works and teachers, at the end, we find that psychological and mental health workers are still very much limited in their understanding of the accident site. Therefore, we have invited the teachers from the “Mountainous Primary School” to work with us in the processes of co-operative action inquiry.
    Throughout the time-span of two years rendering service to the accident site, the results of our research are unveiled in four parts with chronological order starting form “Hyatt Consolation Service Station,” “Children Holiday Camp,” “Teacher Growth Workshop,” and “Teacher Growth Workshop,” Each part is delineated with description, in addition with reflection and action strategy during the processes. Afterward, there is interaction of the author with each of the clients, as well as the encounter of correspondences with the action researchers during the collaboration, which being displayed in poems and essays are compiled in the chapter five titled “The Dialog of Life Encounter” in order to stand our the importance of “relationship and understanding” in the work of helping others.
    At the end, this study will base on the process to bring out action alternatives and strategies of “expressive art therapy” dealing with after-disaster grief and loss, action strategies of crisis management for mental health workers after disaster, psychological rehabilitation alternatives after disaster that is school-based, and self-reflection among mental health worker, towards research methods, and expertise and profession after the disaster. This study hopes to make use of incessant reflections so as to create some new perspective, and would like to make use of constant interaction and dialog to appreciate the people, events, and objects at the site so that a greater understanding and reconstruction for domestic after-disaster psychological rehabilitation can be obtained.

    災後心理重建歷程之合作行動研究 目 錄 致謝 中文摘要 英文摘要 圖目錄 寫在論文之前的告白-談我的書寫風格………………………..…………….1 第一章 緒 論 第一節 研究動機………………………………………………….3 第二節 從初始研究目的到實際行動衍生出的關注……………..9 第二章 從初始的文獻基礎到探究 第一節 災後心理重建之重要………………………………….10 第二節 藝術治療介入之災後心理重建工作………………….14 第三節 以學校為基礎的災後心理重建介入模式…………….21 第四節 行動中的文獻再探…………………………………….22 第三章 研究設計 第一節 行動研究的理論……………………………………….37 第二節 研究者即是多元文化主體…………………………….46 第三節 研究場境的描述…………………………………….…51 第四節 研究流程與方法………………..…………..…………...58 第四章 進入現場的行動 第一節 從草莽成軍到大事底定的「凱悅安心服務站」………63 第二節 從滿懷理想到且戰且走的「假日生活營」..…………...81 第三節 從天馬行空到聽得懂的「親師懇談會」………..…….147 第四節 從單槍匹馬到合作行動的「教師成長工作坊」………154 第五章 生命交會的對話 第一節 「921—我與你相伴的歷程」…………………………172 第二節 「從會心產生的合作關係」…………………………..180 第六章 研究回顧的省思 第一節 表達性藝術治療災後心理重建行動方案與策略…….191 第二節 災後心理衛生工作者危機時期的行動策略………….205 第三節 災後以學校為基礎的心理重建工作方案…………… 212 第四節 災後心理衛生工作者的省思………………………… 218 第五節 研究方法的省思……………………………………… 222 第六節 專業知識與專業自我的省思………………………… 226 參考文獻 中文文獻………………………………………………………………232 英文文獻………………………………………………………………235 附 圖 目 錄 圖2-1 「小團體中表達性治療個人工作模式」的形成歷程………32 圖2-2 自發性、創造力與文化傳承間的運作關係………………33 圖3-1 本研究的行動研究歷程模式………………………………43 圖3-2 不同場境的行動循環……………………………………..45 圖3-3 凱悅安心服務站簡圖………………………………………51 圖3-4 兒童假日生活營行動研究流程……………………………53 圖3-5 『假日生活營』團體活動場地(組合屋)………………53 圖3-6 本研究架構與流程圖………………………………………58 圖3-7 研究資料分析步驟圖………………………………………62 圖6-1 災後危機處理心理衛生工作方案流程圖………………….211 圖6-2 災後以學校為基礎的心理重建工作流程圖……………….212

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