研究生: |
廖信榮 Hsin-Jung Liao |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台北市國中學生菸害預防教育介入成效研究 |
指導教授: | 李景美 |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
健康促進與衛生教育學系 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 202 |
中文關鍵詞: | 學生 、吸菸 、菸害 、預防 、教育 |
英文關鍵詞: | education, prevention, smoking, student, tobacco hazards |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:488 下載:100 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系博士班博士論文
臺北市國中學生菸害預防教育介入成效研究
學生:廖信榮 指導教授:李景美
摘要
本研究之目的為研發一套國中七年級學生的菸害預防教育課程,進行教育介入的成效評價,探討菸害預防教育介入對國中學生的菸害知識、吸菸態度、拒菸生活技巧、使用拒絕技巧可能性、拒菸自我效能、未來吸菸可能性、吸菸行為和拒菸行為的成效。本研究採用準實驗設計方式,以立意取樣方式選擇台北市五所國中七年級學生為研究對象,在三所學校,各抽兩班為實驗組,共有六班學生進行菸害預防教育介入,並在同一學校中,抽兩班作為校內對照組;另兩所學校共抽三班學生,作為校外對照組。有效樣本人數共計489人。教育介入的時間是民國92年11-12月與93年3-4月,進行92學年度上、下學期六個模組(合計十節)的教育介入。前測問卷在第一次介入前一週施測,後測問卷在第二次介入結束後兩週內施測,經四個月後再進行後後測問卷施測。
研究結果發現,受測的國中學生有489人,男、女各半,一成的學生有吸菸,一成的母親和五成以上的父親吸菸,六成的學生家庭中,至少有一人是吸菸者。一成學生的好朋友中,有一位以上是吸菸的。
本研究的國中學生菸害預防教育介入是具有成效的,研究結果如下:
1.在實驗組與對照組的比較方面,教育介入能提昇實驗組學生後測的菸害知識分數,並顯著高於校內、外對照組,兼具立即與延宕效果。教育介入能提昇實驗組學生的使用拒絕技巧可能性,並顯著高於校內、校外對照組,只有立即效果。實驗組學生的拒菸生活技巧、拒菸自我效能、未來吸菸可能性、吸菸行為與對照組無顯著差異。
2.實驗組的組內分析顯示,經教育介入後,實驗組學生的菸害知識、使用拒絕技巧可能性、及拒菸自我效能明顯增加並顯著高於前測表現,兼具立即與延宕效果。實驗組學生後後測的四項未來吸菸可能性(六個月內、一年內、五年內與二十年內)均有明顯的下降,且均顯著優於前測表現,有延宕效果。
3.在過程評量方面,整體而言,大部分的學生對於兩次教育介入的全部課程與教學活動、教師授課表現、及學生手冊均有正向的評價;大部分的學生認為課程對國中生很重要,且願意將課程內容運用到生活中,並願意將課程內容和家人與朋友一起分享。教師認為大部分班級的課程教學均是順利的,學生的參與度高,班級氣氛良好,另教師對自己的教學評量均是「尚可」和「優良」。
本研究建議在未來研究方面,應加強質性資料的收集、增加研究對象人數、及設計追加課程。實務方面,建議國中階段應該有完整的菸害預防課程,在國中一、二年級的各學期安排菸害預防教學內容,將菸害預防課程列入相關領域的課程計畫或彈性課程中實施,以協助國中學生勇於向菸說不,遠離菸害,並建議學校應該結合家庭與社區的力量,共同培養青少年的拒菸意識與行動,創造無菸健康的生活。
關鍵詞:學生、吸菸、菸害、預防、教育
Study on the Effects of A Smoking Prevention Program among the Junior High School Students in Taipei City
A Doctor Thesis
By
Hsin-Jung Liao
ABSTRACT
The aims of the study were to develop a tobacco prevention curriculum and to evaluate the effects of the education intervention for seventh-grade students, including knowledge of tobacco hazards, attitudes toward smoking, tobacco- refusing life skills, possible use of refusal skills, tobacco-refusing self- efficacy, smoking intention, smoking behavior, and tobacco-refusing behaviors among the junior school students.
The subjects were seventh grade students from five purposively selected schools in Taipei City. The study was quasi-experimental in nature. The total number of valid subject was 489. The experimental group received six modular cessions (ten classes) in one academic year. The data was collected via a self- administrated questionnaire, form the baseline survey conducted in October 2003 and follow-up surveys conducted in May and September 2004.
The main findings were presented as follows:
1.Compared with the two control groups, the intervention could significantly increase the knowledge of tobacco hazards of the experimental group, both in terms of immediate and delay effects, Also, the intervention could significantly increase the possible use of refusal skills of the experimental group, compared with the two control groups in terms of immediate effect.
2.In the experimental group, the preventive intervention significantly increased the knowledge of tobacco, possible use of refusal skills, and tobacco-refusing self-efficacy among the experimental group, both in terms of immediate effect and delay effect. The intervention significantly decreased smoking intention among the experimental group in terms of delay effect.
3.The students of the experimental group and teachers mostly held a positive evaluation of the overall tobacco prevention education intervention.
It was suggested that future research should collect qualitative data, increase the number of subjects, and design the booster sessions. In addition, it was suggested that schools should promote the tobacco prevention curriculum to assist students, to resist smoking pressures and strengthen their anti-smoking beliefs. Also, school programs should involve community organizations and families to enhance protective factors of smoking among adolescents.
Key words: education, prevention, smoking, student, tobacco hazards
參考文獻:
內政部(2003)。兒童及少年福利法。台北:內政部。
行政院衛生署(2006)。菸害防制法(1997.03.19公布)。台北:行政院衛生署。
沈育娟(1995)。臺北公立國中學生控握信念、健康價值與吸菸行為之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
李美慧(1995)。某國中學生之吸菸行為與父母健康信念、吸菸行為、管教努力關係之探討。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
李景美(1990)。台北市國民中學三年級男生吸菸行為之情境及家庭狀況因素分析研究。學校衛生,17,38-47。
李景美(1998)。台北市中小學生對菸品廣告之反應研究。健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌,18,13-24。
李景美(2003)。營造無菸校園初探—理論層面之觀點。學校衛生,42,97-110。
李景美、林秀霞、劉雅馨(1998)。中學生藥物濫用認知、態度、行為及教育需求調查研究。衛生教育學報,11,59-76。
李景美、姜逸群、賴香如、廖信榮、陳雯昭、許秀華、陳麗婷(2000)。青少年藥物濫用防治教育介入實驗研究(Ⅱ)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告(計畫編號NSC89-2413-H-003-045)。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系。
李碧霞、吳德敏、祝年豐、賴香如、趙國欣、李欣憶、鍾宜君、劉姿鈺(2004)。宜蘭縣九所國、高中職學生吸菸行為之影響因素之調查。衛生教育學報,22,21-39。
余坤煌(1992):價值澄清教學活動對國小學童吸菸知識、態度和吸菸決定影響之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
林采虹(1999)。桃園市國中生健康認知知覺因素與拒吸二手菸之關係研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
周碧瑟、賴明芸、吳碧儀(1992)。青少年用藥盛行率與危險因子之探討。行政院衛生署八十一年度委託研究計畫研究報告(計畫編號DOH81-PA-09)。國立陽明大學公共衛生學研究所。
周碧瑟、劉美媛、李燕琴(2000)。台灣地區在校青少年藥物使用流行病學調查研究。行政院衛生署八十八年度委託研究計畫研究報告(計畫編號DOH88-TD-1064)。國立陽明大學社區醫學研究中心。
紀雪雲(2002)。政府菸害防制工作。台灣菸害防制研討會,國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局主辦。
姚博文(2005)。大高雄地區青少年學生吸菸盛行率與其影響因子之探討。高雄:高雄醫學大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文。
姜逸群、黃雅文、黃春太(1993)。台灣地區國中生物質濫用行為及相關因素之研究。衛生教育學報,20,89-109。
洪琲箴(2004)。探討「增強自我效能與拒絕技巧訓練」忌諱對國中生健康態度之影響-以吸菸為例。台中:台中健康管理學院健康管理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
財政部賦稅署(2006)。菸酒稅法。台北:財政部賦稅署。
財政部(2006)。菸品健康福利捐分配及運作辦法(財政部95年2月16日台財庫字第09503503560號令)。台北:財政部。
高雅珠(1994)。預防吸菸教育計畫介入效果之研究—以台北市華江中學國二自願就學班學生為對象。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
高薏亭(2003)。三種預防吸菸教學方案實驗效果比較研究—以臺北縣某國中一年級學生為對象。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
馬藹屏(2000)。台灣地區青少年對菸害防制法之認知,遵行意願及遵行行為之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系博士論文(未出版)。
張玉青(2004)。台北市某國中生菸害知識、菸害態度、吸菸自我效能及吸菸行為意向之探討。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
陳建仁、溫啟邦、蔡善璞、廖國盟、鄭丁元、蔡孟娟(2002)。1990年至2020年台灣可歸因於吸菸的死亡數。台灣菸害防制研討會,國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局主辦。
陳隆彬(2001)。台中縣太平市國中學拒絕吸菸行為相關因素之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
陳錫琦(1998)。國小學童吸菸意向六年追蹤長期追蹤研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系博士論文(未出版)。
黃松元、余玉眉、江永盛、陳政友、賴香如、何瑞琴(1991)。台灣地區青少年吸菸調查研究。衛生教育論文期刊,5,45-66。
黃松元、林東泰、陳政友、姜逸群、黃淑貞、賴香如、胡益進、馬藹屏、張富琴、朱其慧、陳霈儒、許惠貞、蔡佳宏、簡介瑞(2000)。菸害防制法實施二年之成效與評價。行政院衛生署科技研究發展計畫(計畫編號DOH89-TD-1036)。台北:中華民國學校衛生學會。
黃松元、馬藹屏(2002)。學校菸害防制教育計畫。台灣菸害防制研討會手冊。國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局編。
黃淑貞(1982)。國中男生開始抽菸之誘因及其仿效對象之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文(未出版)。
葉美玉、李景美(1999)。當今青少年藥物濫用預防策略趨向-個人及社會技巧訓練。學校衛生,35,45-68。
傅瓊瑤、周碧瑟、劉美媛、王宗慧(1995)。青少年用藥盛行率與危險因子之探討(四)。行政院衛生署八十四年度委託研究計畫研究報告(計畫編號DOH84-PA-002)。國立陽明大學公共衛生研究所。
傅瓊瑤、周碧瑟、劉美媛、王宗慧(1996)。青少年用藥盛行率與危險因子之探討(五)。行政院衛生署八十五年度委託研究計畫研究報告(計畫編號DOH85-PA-003)。國立陽明大學公共衛生研究所。
溫啟邦、胡淑貞、黃淑貞、蔡善璞、鄭丁元(2002a)。台灣工作場所菸害問題與對策。台灣菸害防制研討會,國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局主辦。
溫啟邦、蔡善璞、陳建仁、鄭丁元(2002b)。台灣地區吸菸者的健康危害。台灣菸害防制研討會手冊。國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局編。
溫啟邦、鄭丁元、張新儀、許志成、徐瑱淳、蔡善樸、林惠生(2002c)。父母與同儕對於台灣高中生吸菸行為的影響。台灣菸害防制研討會手冊。國家衛生研究院與衛生署國民健康局編。
蔡文正、龔佩珍、胡曉雲、何清松、林登圳、謝佳玲、鄧雅莉、陳照惠、吳瑞芬、江靜穎、楊宗儒(2005)。菸害防治教育活動對青少年菸害防治知識與態度之影響。中台灣醫學科學雜誌,10(4),171-180。
廖梨伶(2001)。運用網際網路於青少年戒菸行為之介入研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文(未出版)。
Aaro, L.E., Wold, B., Kannas, L., & Rimpela, M.(1986). Health behavior in school children: A W.H.O. Cross-National Survey. Health Promotion, 1, 17-33.
Ary, D.V., Biglan, A., Glasgow, R. (1990). The efficacy of social-influence prevention program versus ”standard care”: Are new initiatives needed ? Journal Behavior Medicine, 13(3) , 281-296.
Avenevoli S., & Merikangas, K.R. (2003). Familial influences on adolescent smoking. Addiction, 98 (Suppl 1). 1-20.
Aveyard, P., Cheng, K. K., Almond, J. et al.(1999). Cluster randomised Controlled trial of expert system based on Transtheoretial (“stages of change”) Model for smoking prevention and cesstion in school. British Medical Journal. 319;(7215) . 948-953.
Baranowski, T. , Perry, C. L.,& Parcel G. S.(1997). How individualss, environments, and health behavior interact—Social cognitive theory. In K., Glanz, F.M., Lewis, & BK., Rimer, (eds.), Health behavior and health education – Theory, research, and practice(2nded.) San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers. 359-383.
Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Dusenbury, L., Tortu, S.,& Botvin, M. E. (1990b). Preventing adolescent drug abuse through a multimodal cognitive–behavioral approach: Results of a 3-year study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 437-446.
Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Filazzola, A. D., & Botvin, M. E. (1990a).A cognitive -behavioral approach to substance abuse prevention: One-year follow-up. Addictive Behaviors, 15(1) , 47-63.
Botvin, G. J., Schinke, S., & Orlandi, M. A. (1995). Drug abuse prevention with multiethnic youth. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.
Botvin G. J. (2000). Preventing drug abuse in schools: social and competence enhancement approaches targeting individual-level etiologic factors. Addictive Behaviors, 25(6), 887-897.
Carvajal S. C., Wiatrek D.E., Evans R. I., Kenn C. R. & Nash S. G.(2000) Psychosocial determinants of the onset and Escalation of smoking: Cross-sectional and prospective findings in multiethnic middle school samples. Journal of Adolescent Health,27,255-265
Conrad K. M., Flay B. R.,& Hill D.(1992). Why children start smoking cigarettes predictor of onset. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1711-1724.
Evans, R. I. (1976). Smoking in children: Developing a social psychological strategy of deterrence. Preventive Medicine, 5, 122-127.
Evans, R. I., Dratt, L. M., Raines, B. E., & Rosenbeng, S. S. (1988). Social influences on smoking initiation: Importance of distinguishing descriptive versus mediating process variables. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18(11), 925-943.
Evans, R.I., & Raines, B.E. (1990). Applying a social psychological model across health promotion interventions—Cigarettes to smokeless tobacco. In J. Edwards, RS. Tindale, L. Heath, & EJ. Posavac (eds.), Social influence processes and prevention. New York, Plenum Press.
Evans, R.I., Rozelle, R. M., Maxwell, S. E., Raines, B. E., Dill, C. A., Guthrie, T. J., Herderson, A. H., & Hill, P. C. (1981). Social modeling films to deter smoking in adolescents: Results of a three-year field investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 399-414.
Evans, R.I., Rozelle, R. M., Mittelmark, M. B., Hansen, W. B., Bane, A. L., & Havis, J. (1978).Deterring the onset of smoking in children: Knowledge of immediate physiological effects and coping with peer pressure, media pressure and parent modeling. Journal of Applied Psychology, 8, 126-135.
Griesbach D., Amos a.,& Currie C.(2003). Adolescent smoking and family structure in Europe. Social Science & Medicine, 56, 41-52.
Hollis, J. F., Polen, M. R., Whitlock, E.P., Lichtenstein, E., Mullooly, J.P., Velicer, W. F., & Reeding, C, A. (2005). Teen reach: outcomes From a Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Tobbacco Reduction Program for Teens Seen in Primary Medical Care. Pediatrics, 115(4).
Jøsendal, O., Aarø, L. E., Torsheim, T., &Rasbash, J. (2005). Evalution of the school-based smoking-prevention program “BE smokeFREE”. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46(2), p189-199.
Kirby, J. B. (2002). The influence of parental separation on smoking initiation in adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 56-71.
Krantzler, N.J., & Miner, K.R. (1996). Tobacco-health fact. Santa Cruz, California, ETR associates.
Langlois, M. A., Petosa, R., & Hallam, J. S. (1999). Why do effective smoking prevention changes in social cognitive theory constructs. Journal of School Health,69(8),326-331.
Li C., Unger J. B., Schuster D. S., Rohrbach L. A., Howard-Pitney. B.,& Nirman G.(2003). Youths’ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) associantions with health beliefs and social pressure. Addictive Behaviors, 28 ,39-53.
Ma, G.X., Lan Y., Edwards, R.L., Shive, S.E.,& Chau T.(2004). Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Smoking Prevention Program for Asian Amercian Youth. Journal of Alcohol &Drug Education, 48(3), 17-38.
McGuire, W.J. (1999). Constructing social psychology—creative and critical processes. Cambridge university press.
Oakley, A., Brannen, J., & Dodd, K. (1992).Young people, gender and smoking in the United Kingdom. Health Promotion Internal, 7(2):75-88.
Pallonen, U., Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Prokhorov, A. V., & Smith, N. F. (1998). Stage of acquisition and cessation for adolescent smoking: An empirical integration. Addictive Beheaviors, 23(3), 303-324.
Prochaska, J. O., Redding, C.A., Evers K.E.(1997). The Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change. In K. Glanz, FM. Lewis, BK.Rimer (eds.),Health Behavior and Health Education – Theory, Research, and Practice(2nded.)San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers. 359-383.
Ray, C. & Ksir C.(1996). Drogs, Society, and Human Behavior (7thed.) .N.Y.:Mosby. 266-290.
Rohrbach L. A., Hodgson C. S., Brodrf B. I., Montgomery S.B., Flay B. R., Hansen W. B.,& Pentz M. A. (1994). Parental participation in drug abuse prevention: Results from the mediwestern prevention project. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(2),295-317.
Simons, B. G., & Haynie, D. L. (2003). Psychosocial predictor of increased smoking stage among sixth graders. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(6), 592-602.
Sherman S. J., Corty E., & Olshavsky R. W. (1984). Predicting the onset of cigarette smoking in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,14(3),224-243.
Skara, S., & Sussman, S. (2003). A review of 25 long-tern adolescent tobacco and drug use prevention program evaluation. Preventive Medicine,37,451-474.
Spencer, L., Pagell, F., Hallion, M.E., Adams, T.B. (2002). Applying the Transtheoretcal Model to Tobacco Cessation and Prevention: A Review of Literature. American Journal of Health Promotion.17(1), 7-71.
Sussman, S.(2001).School-based tobacco use prevention and cessation: Where are we going ? American Journal of Health Behavior. 25(3), 191-199.
Sussman, S., Dent, C.W., Stacy, A.W., Sun, P., Graig, S., Simmon, T. R., Burton, D., Flay, B.R.(1993). Project toward no tobacco use: 1-year behavior outcome. American Journal of Public Health. 83(9), 1245-1250.
Swan, A. V., Melia, R. J., Fitzsimon, B., Nreeze, E., & Murray, M. (1989).Why do more girls Than boys smoke cigarettes ?.Journal of Health Education, 48:58-64.
US Center and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).(1989). The health consequences of smoking – 25 years progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
US Center and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).(1994a). Preventing tobacco use among young. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
US Center and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).(1994b). Youth and Tobacco: Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People – A Report of the Surgeon General.Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
US Center and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).(1994c). Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addition, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43(RR-2), 11-12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Smoking and Health(1964). Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Washington: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. PHS Publication ,118, 25-29.
VanDyke, E. M., & Riesenberg, L. E. (2002). Effectiveness of a school-based intervention at changing preadolescents’ tobacco use and attitudes. Journal of School Health, 72(6), 221-225.
Vartiainen E., Paavola M., McAlister A.,& Puska P. (1998). Fiftnne-Year follow-Up of Smoling Prevention Effection in the North Karelia Youth Project. American Journal of Public Health, 88(1), 81-85.
Vries, H. D., Mudde, A., Kremers, S., Wetzels, J., Uiters, E., Ariza, C., Vitoria, P. D., Fielder, A., Holm, K., Janssen, K., Lehtuvuori, R., & Candel, M. (2003). The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach: Short-term effects. Health Education Research,18(6), 649-663.
Webster, R.A., Hunter, M., & Keats J.A. (2002). Evaluating the of a peer support programme on adolescent’ knowledge, attitudes and use alcohol and tobacco. Drug and Alcohol Review, 21, 7-16.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2006). Why is tobacco a public health priority? Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI). WHO/Noncommunicable Disease and Mental
Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Http:/www.who.int/tobacco/health_ priority
/en/print.html(2006.08.25)
.