本論文旨在探討國小高年級兒童之攻擊行為與心理適應不良間的關聯,並進 一步檢視兒童性別與同儕拒絕的因素,在此關聯間所扮演之角色。研究參與者共 有 365 位六年級學童(186 名男生、179 名女生),研究工具為攻擊行為自陳量表、外化性行為問題量表、長處與困難量表以及社交計量問卷。本研究之分析結果發 現,高年級學童之外顯攻擊行為與外化性行為問題有正相關,而且男生相較於女 生有更高的外顯攻擊傾向;高年級學童之關係攻擊行為與內化性及外化性行為問 題均有關聯,而男女生在關係攻擊之使用上並無性別差異。再進一步檢視性別因 素之調節作用發現:相對於女生,男生之外顯攻擊行為與內化性行為問題的正向 關聯更強;而女生之外顯攻擊行為與內化性行為問題的關聯則呈現負相關;相較 於男生,女生之關係攻擊行為與內化性行為問題的正向關聯更強。另外,同儕拒 絕在不同形式的攻擊行為(外顯攻擊與關係攻擊)與心理適應不良(外化性及內 化性行為問題)之關聯間,並未具有顯著的中介效果。最後,依據研究結果提出 本研究之限制與相關建議,以供未來研究者參考。

This thesis investigates the relationship between aggression forms and psychological adjustment by analyzing the roles of gender and peer rejection. A sample of 365 six-grade children (186 boys and 179 girls) completed the Aggression Questionnaire, the Externalizing Behavior Problem Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Peer-Nomination Sociometric Questionnaire. Results suggest that overt aggression has a positive association with externalizing behavior problems. Besides, boys tend to have higher levels of overt aggression compared to girls. Relational aggression is associated with both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. However, no gender differences are found in levels of relational aggression. Gender moderates the effects of different aggression forms on psychological adjustment (externalizing and internalizing behavior problems). For boys, the results indicate a positive relationship between overt aggression and internalizing behavior problems, while a negative association is found between overt aggression and internalizing behavior problems for girls. Regarding relational aggression, the association between relational aggression and internalizing behavior problems is stronger for girls than for boys. Peer rejection does not mediate the relationship between forms of aggression and psychological adjustment (externalizing or internalizing behavior problems). Based on the results, implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

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