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研究生: 林鉅程
Chu Cheng Lin
論文名稱: 三維暫態模擬溫度場與應力場應用於 316L不銹鋼銲接分析之研究
Three-dimension simulation of transient temperature field and stress distribution applied on 316L stainless steel welding
指導教授: 鄭慶民
Cheng, Ching-Min
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 機電工程學系
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 98
中文關鍵詞: 雷射銲接有限元素分析溫度場分析應力應變分析
英文關鍵詞: Laser welding, ANSYS, Temperature field, Angular distortion
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:302下載:0
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  • 本研究利用有限元素軟體對不銹鋼板材316L 進行CO2 雷射銲接模擬
    分析。模擬過程中,316L 不銹鋼的各種高溫物理參數以模擬軟體JMATPRO
    分析結果所獲得,做為模擬分析的依據。本研究對板材進行銲接溫度場與
    銲後應力應變場分佈的模擬分析,並考慮非線性材料特性進行熱-力結構耦
    合分析過程。
    溫度分析中,本研究採用67%的熱效率進行熱源模擬,銲接分析輸入
    熱源的型式為高斯體熱源。使用獨立體熱源型式進行薄板材料三維模擬,
    獲得的分析溫度與實驗結果僅有些許的誤差。角變形分析結果,經模擬分
    析與銲接實驗發現,銲件在銲接冷卻後發生的角變形量相當小。橫向應力
    分析中,因銲接熱源的高溫作用使得銲道附近有較高的溫度梯度,金屬板
    材因銲接受熱而膨脹,但因遠離銲道材料的拘束,銲道附近形成壓縮應
    力,也造成壓縮應變的發生。在銲接過程中,隨著熱源的消失,銲道從熔
    融金屬開始凝固冷卻,此時體積產生收縮,於銲縫處存在一拉伸應力。當
    板材溫度由高溫降至室溫時,體積仍持續收縮,造成銲縫處的拉伸應力向
    上提升。縱向應力分析結果顯示,在銲道的起點與終點處皆有壓縮應力存
    在,中間區則為拉伸應力。

    This study simulated 316L stainless steel welding by ANSYS, and the
    welding method is CO2 laser welding. The high temperature physical properties
    of material are obtained by JMATPRO simulation for database establishment.
    The research is a simulation analysis of welding against temperature field and
    strain-stress field distribution. In that, nonlinear material characteristics within
    thermo -mechanical coupling process were considered.
    The 3D simulation of thin sheet metal used independent Gaussian cylinder
    heat source which possesses 67% thermo-efficiency. Then, one would find
    there exists little error between the temperature of experiment and the actual
    measurement. By welding experiment, it was discovered that the angular
    distortion of workpiece was quite small after welding. For horizontal stress
    analysis, high temperature of welding heat source results in a larger gradient
    along weld bead, where metal material expands. However, the region of
    surrounding metal with cold temperature restrains the expansion of welding
    bead, so the compressive stress and stain occur. Along with the decrease of
    temperature, fusing metal in weld bead starts to solidify and the volume of
    material shrinks continuously. Simultaneously, tensile stress increase in weld
    bead. For vertical stress analysis, that the compressive stress exists both ends of
    weld bead is contrary to the tensile stress occurs in the middle.

    IV 目錄 摘要......................................................II Abstract.................................................III 目錄......................................................IV 表目錄..................................................VIII 圖目錄....................................................IX 第一章 緒論.................................................1 1.1 研究背景...............................................1 1.2 研究動機...............................................2 1.3 研究目的...............................................3 第二章 文獻探討.............................................4 2.1 不銹鋼316L 之特性與成份..................................4 2.1.1 不銹鋼316L 之特性.....................................4 2.2 銲接變形...............................................6 2.3 銲接殘留應力............................................7 2.3.1 銲接殘留應力簡介 .....................................7 2.3.2 銲接殘留應力的形成....................................8 2.3.3 材料性質對銲件變形與殘留應力之影響......................12 2.4 雷射銲接技術...........................................13 2.4.1 銲接速度與銲接深度之關係..............................16 2.5 有限元素法............................................18 2.5.1 ANSYS 有限元素分析軟體...............................18 2.5.2 APDL 參數設計語言....................................20 2.6 銲接溫度場的熱傳導分析理論...............................22 2.7 多重物理現象之耦合分析..................................26 2.7.1 軟體分析流程.........................................28 2.7.2 定義材料屬性.........................................29 2.7.3 模型的建立與網格劃分..................................30 2.8 非線性分析.............................................33 2.8.1 材料非線性...........................................33 2.8.2 狀態非線性...........................................33 2.8.3 幾何非線性...........................................34 2.9 熱邊界條件.............................................37 2.10 銲接溫度場研究發展.....................................38 2.11 銲接變形研究發展.......................................41 2.12 銲接應力應變研究發展...................................43 第三章 分析方法與步驟.......................................45 3.1 銲接方式與材料規格......................................45 3.2 銲接條件...............................................46 3.3 假設條件設立...........................................46 3.3.1 有限元素模型之假設....................................47 3.4 材料特性...............................................47 3.5 有限元素模型設定........................................51 3.5.1 元素類型.............................................51 3.5.2 初始條件與邊界條件....................................54 3.5.3 設定時間步長與大應變效應...............................55 3.5.4 暫態積分與線性搜索....................................56 3.6 熱源模型...............................................56 3.6.1 高斯熱源分佈:面熱源...................................56 3.6.2 高斯熱源分佈:體熱源...................................59 3.6.3 組合熱源.............................................61 3.7 銲接實驗設備...........................................63 3.8 銲接實驗之溫度量測......................................64 3.9 銲接前置作業...........................................65 第四章 實驗結果與討論.......................................66 4.1 銲接溫度場之分析.......................................66 4.1.1 銲接熱源之選取.......................................66 4.2 溫度場模擬分佈.........................................67 4.2.1 縱向銲接熱循環.......................................70 4.2.2 橫向銲接熱循環.......................................74 4.3 銲接變形之分析.........................................77 4.3.1 角變形分析..........................................78 4.3.2 縱向變形分析.........................................81 4.4 銲接應變場分析.........................................83 4.5 銲接應力場分析.........................................84 4.5.1 縱向應力分析.........................................85 4.5.2 橫向應力分析.........................................87 第五章 結論與建議...........................................90 5.1 結論..................................................90 5.2 建議..................................................91 第六章 參考文獻............................................92

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