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研究生：	張道顧 Tao-Ku Chang
論文名稱：	XML文件安全塑模之設計與實作 Design and Implementation of the Security Model for XML Documents
指導教授：	黃冠寰 Hwang, Gwan-Hwan
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	資訊教育研究所 Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	112
中文關鍵詞：	可擴展標示語言、安全、元素加密、數位簽章、可擴展標示語言轉換、文件安全語言
英文關鍵詞：	XML, Security, Element-wise Encryption, Digital Signature, XSLT, DSL
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：242 下載：2
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中文摘要
本篇論文提出XML文件安全模式的解決方案。首先我們研究單一XML文件加密與數位簽章的方式，研究成果包括發展一個加密的安全操作模式、文件安全語言－Document Security Language (DSL)、協助撰寫DSL文件的編輯器、利用XSLT配合DSL來實作加密XML文件加密程式及提供程式寫作的DSL API。我們提出的安全操作模式定義了如何對XML文件中任意資料之加密與數位簽章的程序，它提供了比現有的XML加密安全機制更為完整的解決方案，包括元素加密、元素內容加密與元素屬性加密，更加入了時間順序的數位簽章簽章模式。以這個具完整性模式為基礎，我們定義了一個新的語言，稱之為文件安全語言（DSL）來支援這個操作模式。我們已實作二種方法：第一種利用Java語言來撰寫，第二種利用XSLT的延伸自定函數功能來完成加密與解密的功能。我們也設計了一個圖形界面的DSL編輯工具來協助使用者容易地撰寫DSL文件。同時也我們設計了一個DSL API供程設計人員能夠以最少的成本且快速地將DSL的安全機制應用到現有的XML應用系統中。我們也進一步探討如果將XML文件儲存於資料庫中之擷取相關問題。我們研究XML Query雖然被廣泛應用在XML的查詢上，但在其語言描述中並無提供安全的機制。因此我們結合XQuery與DSL，提出一個sXQuery的新語言，讓XQuery查詢語言也擁有資訊加密功能。另外，XML文件經常會被加密後再儲存於檔案系統或資料庫，查詢已加密的XML文件時需要經過解密才能夠獲取資料；為了減少不必要的解密程式，我們也設計了一個自動轉換模式可以有效率地將經過加密後的XML文件從資料庫中擷取出來。

Abstract
In this dissertation we aim at the deisgn and implementation of the security model for XML documents. First, we propose an operational model which defines the process of encrypting data and embedding digital signatures which sign the data in an original XML docuemnt. It provides element-wise encryption that is more general than previous forms of XML security, by including element, content of element, and two types of attribute encryption. Moreover, the model of temporal-based element-wise digital signature is novel. Based on the generalized operational model, we define a new language – called document security language (DSL) – to support it. Two different implementations further demonstrate its practicability. In addition, we have developed a DSL editor and the DSL API to support the proposed operational model. The research following the XML security, we explore a little further into the XML query related issues. Although the W3C proposed the XQuery language, which is designed to be broadly applicable across all types of XML data sources, this language does not provide a security mechanism in its query expressions. We have designed a new XML query language, called the secure XML Query (sXQuery) language that is derived from XQuery and reinforced with a security mechanism; sXQuery combines the specification ability of both the XQuery language and the document security language which is designed to specify the scope and encryption details of XML. Furthermore, we address how to optimally query encrypted XML documents using XQuery, with the key point being how to eliminate redundant decryption so as to accelerate the querying. We have proposed a processing model that can automatically and appropriately translate the XQuery statements for encrypted XML documents.

Abstract    I
中文摘要    II
Table of Contents    III
List of Tables    V
List of Figures    VI
1    Introduction    1
2    Related Work    8
3    The Operational Model for Securing XML Documents    14
3.1    Syntax of DSL    17
3.1.1.    The Key Definition Section    19
3.1.2.    The Algorithm Definition Section    22
3.1.3.    The Security Pattern Section    27
3.1.4.    The Transformation Description Section    29
3.1.5.    The Digital Signature Definition Section    37
3.2    Syntax of Encrypted XML Document and DSL Document for Decryption    42
3.2.1.    The Encrypted XML Document    42
3.2.2.    The DSL Document for Decryption    49
3.3    Modification of XML Schema for the Secured Document    50
3.4    The Standard DSL Algorithm Downloading and Linking Protocol    54
3.5    Implementation of DSL Securing Tool    57
3.5.1.    Implementation of the DSL Securing Tool in Java    57
3.5.2.    Experimental Results    59
3.6    The DSL Editor    63
4    DSL API: An Application Program Interface for Securing XML Documents    66
4.1    The Motivations of the DSL API    67
4.2    The DSL API Specification    71
4.2.1.    Environment Settings    71
4.2.2.    Securing and Unsecuring    72
4.2.3.    Security-Rule Management    73
4.2.4.    Signature Verification    74
4.2.5.    The Error Handling Methods    75
4.3    A Security Wizard implemented in DSL API    76
4.4    Experimental Results    77
5    To Secure XML Documents with Extension Functions of XSLT    80
5.1    The Processing Model    80
5.2    The DSL Template for the XSLT Processor    83
5.3    Experimental Results    89
6    Conclusion    92
References    94
Appendix    100
A The BNF and Extended BNF Representations    100
B Code Examples for the Implementation of Algorithms for the DDL Protocol    101
C Example source XML document, DSL document, and the encrypted XML document    102
D Example of the XSLT Extension Function to Perform Encryption of DSL    107
E Examples of Using DSL API    108

List of Tables
Table 1: The times for loading key files    59
Table 2: The times for loading algorithm objects    60
Table 3: The times required to encrypt an XML document    61
Table 4: The times required to decrypt an XML document    61
Table 5: The times required to encrypt an XML document    62
Table 6: The times required to decrypt an XML document    63
Table 7: The execution times for the execution model shown    78
Table 8: The execution times for the execution model shown    79
Table 9: The execution times for the execution model shown    79
Table 10: The times required to encrypt XML documents using extension functions of XSLT    90
Table 11: The times required to encrypt XML documents using the DSL securing tool    90


List of Figures
Figure 1: Example of element-wise encryption    2
Figure 2: Illustration of the digital signature mechanism    3
Figure 3: The operational model for securing XML documents    15
Figure 4: The organization of the DSL securing tool    16
Figure 5: The architecture of a DSL document    19
Figure 6: The architecture of the encrypted and signed XML document    43
Figure 7: Modification of the schema    51
Figure 8: The Java interface GeneralSecurityInterface    55
Figure 9: The Java interface GeneralSignatureInterface    55
Figure 10: The Java interface GeneralDigestInterface    56
Figure 11: The architecture of the implemented DSL securing tool    58
Figure 12: The operation of a DSL editor    64
Figure 13: DSL editor: key definition page    64
Figure 14: DSL editor: algorithm definition page    65
Figure 15: DSL editor: security pattern definition page    65
Figure 16: DSL editor: transformation description definition page    65
Figure 17: DSL editor: digital signature definition page    65
Figure 18: Using the DSL securing tool to encrypt multiple XML documents    68
Figure 19: Using a securing application implemented in the DSL API to encrypt multiple XML documents that have the same structure produced by the same key    68
Figure 20: Using the DSL securing tool to encrypt an XML document with different keys    69
Figure 21: Using a securing application implemented in the DSL API to encrypt an XML document with different keys    69
Figure 22: Encrypting XML with DSL and encrypting XML using DSL APIs    70
Figure 23: Environment-setting methods    72
Figure 24: Securing and unsecuring    73
Figure 25: Security-rule management    74
Figure 26: Signature verification    74
Figure 27: The field members of the SignatureVerification class    75
Figure 28: Error handling    75
Figure 29: The methods of the DSLError class    75
Figure 30: Setting the pathname of the required keys, algorithms, and DSL documents    76
Figure 31: Checking the status of the loaded keys    76
Figure 32: Selecting input and output XML files    77
Figure 33: The result of the encryption    77
Figure 34: The processing model    81
Figure 35: The architecture of the XSLT style sheet    82
Figure 36: Comparison between the number of lines and bytes of the templates in DSL and XSLT Style sheet    88
Figure 37: Implementation of the Java interface GeneralSecurityInterface    102
Figure 38: Make the serialized file for the DDL protocol    102
Figure 39: Loading XML and DSL files, then encrypting the XML file    109
Figure 40: Encrypting multiple XML files with a single DSL document    110
Figure 41: Using one DSL document to encrypt multiple XML documents with different keys    110
Figure 42: Encrypting an XML node and returning an XML node    111
Figure 43: Coping with error messages    111
Figure 44: Error codes defined in the DSL API (note that the codes of all unendurable errors are prefixed with an asterisk)    112
                                

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