中文摘要
本論文以加司東‧巴希拉赫 (Gaston Bachelard) 所提出想像力理論中的物質動能來閱讀亨利‧詹姆斯 (Henry James) 的小說。透過討論其早期、中期及晚期的作品來勾勒出此小說家的詩學空間。此空間是由主體的個人意識及所感知的客體兩界，經由對話式的互動所建構的一個詩性的，有意識的想像空間。並藉由巴希拉赫所提出的現象界四大元素中「質」的能量─火、水、空氣、土─分析詹姆斯文本中的動能。小說中角色對「物」的迷戀與佔有慾往往導致負面的結局，而此想像/詩性的能量具有扭轉情勢或掙脫束縛的解放力，因為它能不斷的將過去所給予的固定觀念或價值去形式化、轉型、及再形塑。巴希拉赫式的閱讀可以為詹姆斯所建構的「小說之屋」開啟一新的視界，從中人們追索「真」的意志可以經由想像力成為可能。

Abstract

This dissertation will explore Henry James’s narrative fiction in the light of Gaston Bachelard’s theory of an imagination both material and dynamic. Discussing a selection of James’s works from his early, middle and last periods, I will try to delineate a Jamesian “poetics of space.” This consciously-imagined space is a “poetic” space constituted through the dialogical interaction of/between the subjective and the objective poles, the individual consciousness and the world of perceived objects. I will be especially interested in the dynamic “energy” of objects in James’s texts, which I shall explore via Bachelard’s notion of the transformative force of the four natural elements (fire, water, air and earth). A key issue in James’s work that I will investigate is then that of the liberating imaginative-poetic transformation or “expansion” of those objects whose excessive reification leads to a destructive possessiveness on the part of certain characters. More generally I will argue that the space created through the dynamic “imagining” of Jamesian characters is liberating due to its power to deform, transform and reform predetermined concepts and values as well as pre-constituted material objects. A Bachelardian reading thus provides, I feel, another perspective from which to approach James’s house of fiction, where human imagination makes possible the working out of a kind of human will to truth.

Works Cited
Works of Henry James
Novels
James, Henry. “The Aspern Papers.” 1888. Henry James: Complete Stories 1884-1891. New York: Library of America, 1999. 228-320.
---. “The Real Thing.” 1892. Henry James: Complete Stories 1892-1898. New York: Library of America, 1996. 32-57.
---. Roderick Hudson. 1875. Ed. and introd. Geoffrey Moore. London: Penguin, 1986. (cf. Turgenev’s Smoke, and On the Eve);
---. The Ambassadors. 1903. Ed. and introd. Christopher Butler. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.
---. The American. 1877. Ed. and introd. Adrian Poole. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Christopher Newman, Marquise de Bellegarde, Marquis Urbain, Claire (Madame de Cintré), Count Valentin, Noémie Nioche, Tristram
---. The Europeans: A Sketch. 1878. Ed. and introd. Ian Campbell Ross. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.
---. The Golden Bowl. 1904. Introd. Gore Vidal. New York: Penguin, 1987.
---. The Spoils of Poynton. 1897. Ed. and introd. Bernard Richards. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000.
---. The Wings of the Dove. 1902. Ed. and introd. John Bayley. New York: Penguin, 1986.

Criticism
James, Henry. Hawthorne. 1887. New York: AMS Press, 1968.
---. The Art of Criticism: Henry James on the Theory and the Practice of Fiction. Ed. William Veeder and Susan M. Griffin. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986.
---. The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. Ed. and introd. Richard P. Blackmur. New York: Charles Scribner’s Son, 1937.
---. The Future of the Novel: Essays on the Art of Fiction. Ed. and introd. Leon Edel. New York: Vintage Books, 1956.

Other Works
James, Henry. A Small Boy and Others: A Memoir. 1913. New York: Turtle Point P, 2001.
---. The Notebooks of Henry James. 1947. Ed. F. O. Matthiessen and Kenneth B. Murdock. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1974.

Works of Gaston Bachelard
Bachelard, Gaston. Air and Dreams: An Essay on the Imagination of Movement. Trans. Edith R. Farrell and C. Frederick Farrell. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture, 1988. Trans. of L'Air et les songes, essai sur l'imagination du mouvement. 1943.
---. Earth and Reveries of Will: An Essay on the Imagination of Matter. Trans. Kenneth Haltman. Foreword. Joanne H. Stroud. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 2002. Trans. of La terre et les rêveries de la volonté, essai sur l'imagination de la matière. 1943.
---. Fragments of a Poetics of Fire. Trans. Kenneth Haltman. Foreword. Joanne H. Stroud. Preface. Suzanne Bachelard. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 1990. Trans. of Fragments d'une Poétique du Feu. 1988.
---. Lautréamont. Trans. Robert S. Dupree. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 1986. Trans. of Lautréamont. 1939.
---. On Poetic Imagination and Reverie. 1971. Trans. and introd. Colette Gaudin. Dallas: Spring Publications, 1994.
---. The Flame of a Candle. Trans. Caldwell. Foreword. Joanne H. Stroud. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 1988. Trans. of La flamme d'une chandelle. 1961.
---. The Poetics of Reverie: Childhood, Language, and the Cosmos. Trans. Daniel Russell. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971. Trans. of La Poétique de la Rêverie. 1960.
---. The Poetics of Space. Trans. Maria Jolas. Foreword. Etienne Gilson. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969. Trans. of La poétique de l'espace. 1958.
---. The Psychoanalysis of Fire. Trans. Alan C. M. Ross. Preface. Northrop Frye. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964. Trans. of La Psychanalyse du Feu. 1938.
---. The Right to Dream. Trans. J. A. Underwood. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 1988. Trans. of Le droit de rêver. 1970.
---. Water and Dreams: An Essay on the Imagination of Matter. Trans. Edith R. Farrell. Dallas: The Dallas Institute Publications, 1994. Trans. of L’Eau et les rêves, essai sur l’imagination de la matiére. 1942.

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