簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 王琪如
Wang,Chi Ju
論文名稱: 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略之研究
Research on TV News Broadcasting Strategy in Digital Convergence Environment
指導教授: 楊美雪
Yang, Mei-Hsueh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 圖文傳播學系
Department of Graphic Arts and Communications
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 數位匯流頻道電視新聞播映策略
英文關鍵詞: Digital convergence, Television news, Broadcasting Strategy
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203340
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:281下載:116
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 當重大事件發生,全球不少媒體同步從電視、電台、網路提供24小時直播訊息,閱聽眾已不再只是從電視、定時定點來獲取新聞內容,而是可能在行進中、隨時隨地在網路上,以手機或平板電腦來收看。這是數位匯流帶來的改變,也提供媒體機構創新發展的機會。尤其,當電視新聞的播映受眾逐漸轉向從網路收看新聞報導,電視台在新聞播映方面該有何策略因應,在數位匯流持續發展的當前,更是極為重要,也值得深入探究。

    為探討數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略,本研究採深度訪談的方式,對電視台決策主管及參與策略執行的專職人員進行訪談,以了解數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映帶來的改變、數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略的規劃、以及數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略的實施成效。

    研究發現,數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映主要受到的影響包括收視群流失、年輕觀眾減少、播映管道呈現多元發展與新舊融合;而播映內容更即時呈現與納入網路素材;電視台在新聞播映策略的規劃以維持營利為主要目標,並要積極擴散訊息及強化內容;策略的執行方面則是開源節流,尋求跨業合作與內部資源整合;並運用科技,加強播映技術與施行員工訓練;也以力推直播、報導差異化、播映內容重製上網與利用主播行銷來建立特色,而目前實施成效主要有能見度獲得提升與品牌經營得以延續。

    When a major event occurs, media around the world live broadcast the events through television, radio, and even the internet. Audiences are no longer receiving coverage solely through television broadcast where they need to tune in at certain given times, but rather, they can freely view the broadcast through their smartphones or tablets anytime and anywhere. This is a change brought by digital convergence and has provided the media industry the opportunity to develop new innovations. Especially when TV news audiences gradually move towards watching and receiving news from the internet, it becomes imperative that television stations begin to critically think about what strategies to consider in response to this trend while digital convergence is still developing.
    In order to discuss television news broadcast strategies in relation to digital convergence trends, this research interviewed managers and personnel who are involved in the decision making of operational strategies. In turn, this study can bring into understanding how digital convergence is changing television news, and any new strategies to be considered implementing.
    This study found that under digital convergence, there is a loss of viewers and fewer young audiences, but it has also provided more ways to expand broadcast methods by merging the new and old, and present broadcast materials as internet content.TV stations still have a main objective of remaining profitable and need to continue to expand and strengthen its contents. In order to do so, the station needs to reduce costs, cooperate with others in the industry, make use of internal resources, use new technology and strengthening broadcasting technology as well as implement more staff training. TV stations will also need to push for live broadcasts, produce unique content, reproduce content to be internet accessible, as well as use anchors’ personalities to stand out from others. The points mentioned above are needed for TV stations to continue to enhance its brand visibility.

    目錄 摘要……………………………………………………………………… i Abstract…………………………………………………………………ii 表次…………………………………………………………………… iv 圖次……………………………………………………………………… v 第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1 第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………… 1 第二節 研究目的與問題……………………………………… 6 第三節 名詞解釋……………………………………………… 7 第四節 研究範圍與限制……………………………………… 8 第五節 研究流程……………………………………………… 8 第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………… 10 第一節 頻道電視新聞播映的特徵與相關研究……………… 10 第二節 數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映的影響……………… 14 第三節 頻道電視新聞的播映策略…………………………… 21 第四節 文獻探討小結………………………………………… 25 第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………… 27 第一節 研究架構……………………………………………… 27 第二節 研究方法……………………………………………… 28 第三節 研究對象……………………………………………… 29 第四節 研究工具……………………………………………… 30 第五節 研究實施……………………………………………… 31 第六節 資料處理與分析……………………………………… 31 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………… 35 第一節 數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映收視群的影響……… 35 第二節 數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映管道的影響………… 39 第三節 數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映內容的影響………… 43 第四節 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映的策略規劃…… 48 第五節 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略如何實施… 53 第六節 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略現階段成效. 62 第五章 研究結論與研究建議……………………………………… 66 第一節 研究結論……………………………………………… 66 第二節 研究建議……………………………………………… 75 參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 79 一、中文部分…………………………………………………… 79 二、英文部分…………………………………………………… 85 表次 表 3-1 訪談對象…………………………………………………… 29 表 3-2 訪談方向與訪談主軸……………………………………… 30 表 3-3 關鍵概念註記示例………………………………………… 33 表 3-4 同概念關鍵字句歸納示例………………………………… 33 表 3-5 初級編碼示例……………………………………………… 34 表 3-6 中級編碼示例……………………………………………… 34 表 3-7 分析架構示例……………………………………………… 34 表 5-1 數位匯流對頻道電視新聞播映影響編碼架構…………… 67 表 5-2 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映的策略規劃編碼架構… 70 表 5-3 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略的實施編架構…… 72 表 5-4 數位匯流環境下頻道電視新聞播映策略現階段成效編碼架構……74

    一、中文部分
    王鳳仙 (2009)。新媒體的傳播革命。電影評介,10,77-77。
    王偉(2013)。電視新聞市場的發展與競爭策略。產業與科技論壇,11,28-29。
    王永忠(2012)。以新聞策劃增強電視新聞宣傳的有效性。聲屏世界,4,31-31。
    王四海(譯)(1996)。電視新聞和資訊節目。(原作者:William Hawes)。台北市:廣電基金。
    王振業(2001)。廣新聞與電視新聞。武漢:武大學出版社。
    王彩平、池建新、李潔(2006)。頻道先鋒:電視頻道運營攻略。上海:復旦大學出版社
    牛隆光、林靖芬〈2006〉。透視電視新聞:實務與研究工作談。台北:學富文化
    方東明(2005)。淺談對電視新聞連線報導的思考。山東視聽(山東省廣播學校學報),12,26。
    方至民(2012)。策略管理: 建立企業永續競爭力。新北市:前程文化。
    戈興炎(2011)。縣級電視台新聞節目宣傳定位。科技傳播,23,7-8。
    牛小游(2010)。新媒體環境下電視新聞的生存與發展—從新媒體衝擊角度看央視新聞頻道改革。大舞台,9,157-158。
    尤婭(2012)。重視新興媒體提高輿論引導能力。聲頻世界,4,31-31。
    民視(2016年7月16日)。巴西里約奧運 民視轉播精采賽事【新聞報導】。取自:http://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2016715L09M1
    任永壽(2016)。新媒體時代電視新聞轉型策略研究。科技傳播,2,38-39。
    李佳恬(2016年5月4日)。家庭娛樂前哨站-台灣OTT市場發展趨勢。IEK產業情報網。取自: http://ieknet.iek.org.tw/iekrpt/rpt_more.aspx?rpt_idno=363388233
    李寶戰(2011)。電視新聞市場競爭格局。科技資訊,7,240-240。
    宋麗、辛蔚(2013)。電視新聞編排形式在電視新聞宣傳中的作用。科技傳播,8,19-19。
    邱慧仙、蔡念中(2012)。閱聽人世代與情境變數對於新聞接收載具偏好之影響。玄奘資訊傳播學報,9,23-44。
    林照真(2011)。因為科技,新聞正處於改變的轉捩點上?。傳播研究與實踐, 1(1),25-34。
    林照真(2009)。收視率新聞學: 台灣電視新聞商品化。台北市:聯經出版事業公司。
    林政忠(2016年5月4日)。數位匯流五法 張揆最後一張成績單。聯合晚報。A8版。
    林崇能(2011)。有線電視跑馬燈使用的管理危機。危機管理學刊,8(2), 25-32。
    吳佩蓉(1993)。三足鼎立、各有千秋。新聞鏡周刊,247,31-32。
    胡元輝(2013)。追求真實與公眾信賴:新傳播科技所沒有改變的命題。傳播研究與實踐3(1),1-12。
    洪智賢(2005)。電視新論。台北市:亞太圖書
    夏茂松、郝海雁(2006)。現代科技對電視新聞傳播方式的影響。中國廣播電視學刊,2006(8),70-71。
    唐亮(2005)。CNN全球最大的新聞頻道。台北市:維德文化
    曹文龍(2011)。微博假新聞的傳播機制與應對策略。 新聞實踐, 2011(3), 23-25。
    孫麗(2010))。新聞頻道如何做好分眾時代的新聞自助餐。湖北廣播電視大學學報,30(4),90-91。
    孫俊輝(2015)。受眾收視行為及電視媒體營銷策略研究,新聞研究導刊,3,145-145,148。
    孫秀蕙(2001)。理論與實務的對話:網路(數位)公關書評。廣告學研究,17,175-179。
    高傳智(2009)涅槃重生?―國外傳统電視新聞變革一瞥。青年記者,2009(8C),22-24。
    高有祥(2008)。新媒體環境下的電視新聞傳播。中國廣播電視學刊,5,43-45。
    栗青(2012)。改進新聞宣傳強化傳播效應。青海師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版),5,153-154。
    高巍、曹麗、楊飛宇(2011)。城市電視台品牌戰略分析。廣播電視與技術,08,78-79。
    張勤(1983)。電視新聞。臺北市:三民書局
    張駿德(2001)。當代廣播電視新聞學。上海:復旦大學出版社。
    張紅衛(2015)。新媒體形式下縣級電視台如何做好對外宣傳工作。矽谷,5,15-16。
    張澤松(2015)。新媒體背景下電視新聞宣傳中電視採訪手段的運用。矽谷,8,121-122。
    葉乃嘉(2006)。研究方法的第一本書。台北市:五南書局。
    陳小敏、田維剛(2010)。新技術、新媒體時代背景下的電視新聞製播發展趨勢研究综述。湖南大眾傳媒職業技術學院學報,10(6),53-54。
    陳有為(2016)。網路時代受眾心理分析和引導。新聞前哨,1,71-73。
    陳力丹、潘彩霞(2014)。看不見的宣傳—美國脫口秀節目走紅的傳播學分析。新聞愛好者,5,27-29,30。
    陳廣宇(2012)。揚長避短 增加廣播新聞影響力,聲屏世界,4,31-31。
    陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的硏究。台北市:五南圖書。
    陳清河(2014年7月11日)。數位匯流政策與民眾生活的對話。行政院名家筆記。取自:http://archives.ey.gov.tw/01ey/20160110/www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content15d39f.html?n=22DE2FC89D3EE7DA&s=472E6A496F33C47B
    張約翰(2016年5月6日)。台灣綜合類新聞媒體臉書專頁統計:2015.12~2016.4。傳媒與教育電子報,371。取自:http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news007/article.php?storyid=1923
    馮建三(譯)(1991)。電視:科技與文化形式(原作者:Williams, Raymond)。台北市:遠流,初版一刷。
    彭芸(2015)。「後」電視時代:串流、競合、政策。新北市:風雲論壇
    楊振宇、肖憑(2015)。基於受眾行為的電視節目營銷策略研究。湖南大眾傳媒職業技術學報,3,13-16。
    楊麗平(2014)。電視新聞的競爭策略分析。科技傳播,22,81-82。
    黃致穎、張宏源(2008)。數位匯流衝擊台灣電視產業價值鏈。臺灣經濟研究月刊(9)31,22-28。
    黃新生(1994)。電視新聞。台北市:遠流
    黃振家、宗靜萍、林妙容、吳蕙芬(譯)(2014)。大眾媒體研究導論(原作者:Roger D. Wimmer & Joseph R. Dominick)。台北市:學富文化
    齊增暉(2015)。電視新聞競爭力的提升,11,316-316。
    趙雅麗(1990)。台灣電視觀眾對目前三台節目品質之看法調查。台北:行政院新聞局。
    趙輝(2016)。探析網路傳播時代對電視新聞的影響。今傳播,24(4),21-22。
    榮泰生(2006)。策略管理學。台北市:三民書局。
    劉幼琍(2011)。台灣行動媒體與新聞服務之展望。新聞與民主:創意實踐與公民行動案例研討會。台大新聞研究所 台大新聞論壇(11),41-57。
    劉幼琍 (1994)。有線電視經營管理與頻道規劃策略。台北市:正中書局
    劉幼琍、蔡琰(1995)。電視節目品質與時段分配之研究。廣播與電視(2),1, 89-123。
    劉旭峰(2006)。收視率萬萬歲?誰在看電視。台北市:成陽
    劉蕙苓(2014)。匯流下的變貌:網路素材使用對電視新聞常規的影響。新聞學研究,121,41-87。
    劉桔紅(2013年)。“多屏時代”電視新聞脫穎而出的創新思考-試以“直播港澳台”的“莊園會晤”的報導為例。今傳媒(12),33-34。
    鄭自隆、蔡念中、陳清河、張宏源、漆梅君(2009)。替代或襲奪? 台灣電視產業的問題與因應。2009銘傳大學國際學術研討會。
    鍾應良(2010)。創新新聞宣傳工作方法。新聞前哨,12,96-97。
    魏啟林(1993)。策略行銷。台北:時報文化
    行政院(2010)。數位匯流發展方案2010-2015【研究報告】。取自:http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/75806/012916565471.pdf
    行政院(2016年5月5日)。行政院會通過通訊傳播匯流五法草案【新聞稿】。取自:http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&s=3917B2545C2002B7
    資訊工業策進會(2016)。何謂數位匯流。取自:http://sid2.iii.org.tw/main.php?po=comp&op=content&PP%5Bid%5D=208
    Nielsen(2016a)。電視收視調查。取自:http://www.nielsen.com/tw/zh/solutions/measurement/television.html
    Nielsen(2016年3月3日b)。多螢新常態:台灣電視觀眾三成看電視時玩手機。取自:http://www.nielsen.com/tw/zh/insights/reports/2015/taiwanese-consumers-are-finding-that-one-screen-isnt-enough.html

    二、英文部分
    Abdul-Mageed, M. M. (2008). Online news sites and journalism 2.0: Reader comments on Al Jazeera Arabic. Triple C: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society,6(2), 59-76.
    British Broadcasting Corporation (2016, August 3). Rio Olympics 2016: Times for BBC TV, radio and online coverage[ News reports]. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36908117
    British Broadcasting Corporation (2016, February 16).BBC Three moves online after final night as TV channel [ News reports]. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35578867
    Brizee, H. A. (2008). Stasis Theory as a Strategy for Workplace Teaming and Decision Making. Journal of Technical Writing & Communication, 38(4), 363-385. doi:10.2190/TW.38.4.d
    Bednarek, M. (2016). Voices and values in the news: News media talk, news values and attribution. Discourse, Context & Media, 11, 27-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2015.11.004
    Blank, C.(1997). Convergence mixes Orlando media. Editor & Publisher, 130(6), 34i. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=9702274321&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done?. Qualitative research, 6(1), 97-113.
    Barone, J. C. (2012). Mobility & Connectivity: Shifts in Teaching, Learning, and Providing Live News. Global Media Journal: American Edition (21), 1-31. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=96851481&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Chou, Y. (2014). The stalemate of cable digital switchover: A study of competition effects and deregulation. Telecommunications Policy, 38(4), 393-405.
    Collins, S. J., & Brown, T. (2012). Convergence or Business as Usual?: Comparing New Media Use at Television Stations and Newspapers. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 20(4), 248-260. doi:10.1080/15456870.2012.711181
    Casella, P. A. (2013). BREAKING NEWS OR BROKEN NEWS? Journalism Practice, 7(3), 362-376. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.735496
    Cha, J. (2013). Predictors of television and online video platform use: A coexistence model of old and new video platforms. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 296-310.
    Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the American enterprise. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge.
    Cikoja, I. (2010). Weblog-novi komunikacijski izazov. Medianali-znanstveni časopis za medije, novinarstvo, masovno komuniciranje, odnose s javnostima i kulturu društva, 4(7), 155-168.
    Choi, J. (2016). Why do people use news differently on SNSs? An investigation of the role of motivations, media repertoires, and technology cluster on citizens' news-related activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 249-256. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.006
    Cooke, P., & Porter, J. (2011). Media convergence and co-evolution at multiple lev els. City, Culture and Society, 2(2), 101-119.
    Cameron, J., & Geidner, N. (2014). Something Old, Something New, Something Bor rowed From Something Blue: Experiments on Dual Viewing TV and Twitter. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58(3), 400-419. doi:10.1080/08838151.2014.935852
    Csorny, L. (2009). Making the News: Jobs in TV Journalism. Occupational Outlook Quarterly, 53(1), 2-13. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ875429&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    DrulĂ, G. (2014). Media Convergence and Mobile Technology. Journal of Media Research, 7(3), 47-71. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=99673981&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Doyle, G. (2016). Resistance of channels: Television distribution in the multiplatform era. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 693-702. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.06.015
    De Leon, C. L. P. (2015). That's the Way it is: A History of Television News in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    DiCicco‐Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical education, 40(4), 314-3
    Dixon, D. (2015). Jacksonville's local TV oulets adapt with technology to attract younger viewers. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=2W64168975269&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Evens, T., & Donders, K. (2016). Television distribution: economic dimensions, emerging policies. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 661-664.
    Fairfax Media. (2016). Brand discover Ad Centre. Sydney, NSW: Author. Retrieved from http://www.adcentre.com.au/solutions/brand-discover
    Facebook(2016). Statistics. Retrieved from http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info
    Goodlove, J., & Bergus, N. (2010). Can TV avoid being next defeated medium? Corridor Business Journal, 7(9), 21. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=54441743&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Goyanes, M. (2014). An Empirical Study of Factors that Influence the Willingness to Pay for Online News. Journalism Practice, 8(6), 742-757. doi:10.1080/17512786.2014.882056
    Ghazal, M. (2015). Social media sites boost TV viewership -- experts. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=2W62295305930&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Gunter, B. (2010). The future of television as an information source Television Versus the Internet .85-112.NY:Chandos Publishing.
    Gardner, J., & Lehnert, K. (2016). What's new about new media? How multi-channel networks work with content creators. Business Horizons, 59(3), 293-302. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.01.009
    Glynn, C. J., Huge, M. E., & Hoffman, L. H. (2012). All the news that’s fit to post: A profile of news use on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), 113-119.
    Han, E., & Lee, S.-W. (2014). Motivations for the complementary use of text-based media during linear TV viewing: An exploratory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 235-243.
    Hatfield, D. (2005). Sending the women in to fight in the ratings battle. Inside Tucson Business, 15(22), 18. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=18899187&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Heo, Y.C., Park, J.Y., Kim, J.Y., & Park, H.W. (2016). The emerging viewertariat in South Korea: The Seoul mayoral TV debate on Twitter, Facebook, and blogs. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 570-583.
    Ha, L., & Fang, L. (2012). Internet experience and time displacement of traditional news media use: An application of the theory of the niche. Telematics and Informatics, 29(2), 177-186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2011.06.001
    Harrington, S. (2010). WAKING UP WITH FRIENDS: Breakfast news, Sunrise and the “televisual sphere”. Journalism Studies, 11(2), 175-189. doi:10.1080/14616700903407395
    Haffield, D. (2013). What goes around, goes around again in TV news ratings. Inside Tucson Business, 23(13), 9. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=90174218&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Ibrus, I. (2013). Evolutionary dynamics of media convergence: Early mobile web and    its standardisation at W3C. Telematics and Informatics, 30(2), 66-73. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2012.04.004
    Jinglei, N. (2012). Multimedia Fusion Era Editorial Role. Physics Procedia, 25, 733-736. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.150
    Killian, G., & McManus, K. (2015). A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration. Business Horizons, 58(5), 539-549.
    Kellison, C. (2009). Chapter 2 - Television: Its Past, Present, and Future. Producing for TV and New Media (Second Edition) (pp. 17-44). Boston: Focal Press.
    Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Delhi : New Age International
    Lund, M. T. K., & Puijk, R. (2012). Rolling News as Disruptive Change. NORDICOM Review, 33(1), 67-81. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=80145630&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Levy, D. (1994). Chaos theory and strategy: Theory, application and managerial implications. Strategic management journal, 15, 167-167.
    Lin, J.-S., Sung, Y., & Chen, K.-J. (2016). Social television: Examining the anteced ents and consequences of connected TV viewing. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 171-178. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.025
    Liu, Q., Zhou, M., & Zhao, X. (2015). Understanding News 2.0: A framework for explaining the number of comments from readers on online news. Information & Management, 52(7), 764-776.
    Liu, C.-J., & Chuang, Y.-F. (2015). From Sluggish to Brisk: An analysis of Taiwan× s cable TV digitalization policy. Telecommunications Policy, 39(11), 980-995.
    Lin, T. T. (2013). Convergence and regulation of multi-screen television: The Singa pore experience. Telecommunications Policy, 37(8), 673-685.
    Lim, J. S., Ri, S. Y., Egan, B. D., & Biocca, F. A. (2015). The cross-platform syner gies of digital video advertising: Implications for cross-media campaigns in television, Internet and mobile TV. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 463-472.
    Lerman, K., & Ghosh, R. (2010). Information Contagion: An Empirical Study of the Spread of News on Digg and Twitter Social Networks. ICWSM, 10, 90-97.
    Lee, A. M., & Chyi, H. I. (2014). When Newsworthy is Not Noteworthy. Journalism Studies, 15(6), 807-820. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2013.841369
    Lotz, A. D. (2014). The television will be revolutionized. NY:New York University Press.
    Laban, V. (2007). Television Reports in Slovenian Daily News Broadcasts. Televizijsko izvještavanje u slovenskim dnevnim emisijama vijesti., 13(2), 23-37. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=36260569&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Mapaye, J. C. (2010). Viral viewers: Examining the role of parasocial interaction on local TV news web site visitors' loyalty and commitment. (3435771 Ph.D.), University of Oregon, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/816348368?accountid=14228
    Mzezewa, T. (2015). Is it possible to get millennials to watch TV news? Columbia Journalism Review, 54(1), 34-35. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=102503100&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Meikle, G., & Young, S. (2011). Media convergence: Networked digital media in everyday life. London :Palgrave Macmillan.
    Negredo Bruna, S. (2013). Participation in Al Jazeera English: integrating witnesses and users to broaden the reach of the news. Comunicación Y Sociedad, 26(1), 1-21.
    Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting, and tagging: Ef fects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240-249.
    Oba, G. (2009). Programming Strategies of U.S.-Originated Cable Networks in Asian Markets: Descriptive Study Based on the Product Standardization and Adaptation Theory. JMM: The International Journal on Media Management, 11(1), 18-31. doi:10.1080/14241270802518273
    Plenkovic, M. (1993).Komunikologija masovnih medija.Zagreb:Barbat
    Pringle, P., & Starr, M. F. (1999). Electronic Media Management. Boston:Focal Press.
    Porter, M. E. (1996) .What is Strategy?, Harvard Business Review, 74 (6):61-78
    Pergament, A. (2013). Channel 7 delivers the good news. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=2W63959383684&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Koppel, T. (2000). Journalism: It's as Easy as ABC. Denver :Universal Press Syndicate
    Papper, Bob(2007). The Future of News Survey 2006. Washington, DC: Radio and Television News Directors Foundation.
    Rowe, I. (2015). Deliberation 2.0: Comparing the Deliberative Quality of Online News User Comments Across Platforms. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(4), 539-555. doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1093482
    Rumelt, R. (2011). Good strategy/bad strategy: The difference and why it matters. New York : Crown Business
    Rosenstiel, T., Just, M., Belt, T., Pertilla, A., Dean, W., & Chinni, D. (2007). We interrupt this newscast: How to improve local news and win ratings, too. Cambridge :Cambridge University Press.
    Sanz, E., & Crosbie, T. (2016). The meaning of digital platforms: Open and closed television infrastructure. Poetics, 55, 76-89.
    San Miguel, B. G., Fidalgo, M. R., & del Camino Gallego Santos, M. (2010). Analysing the development of TV news programmes: from information to dramatization. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 13(65), 1-18. doi:10.4185/RLCS-65-2010-888-126-145-EN
    Sutherland, B. (2008). The BBC and Its Web 2.0 Partners. Computers in Entertainment, 6(2), 27:21-27:11. doi:10.1145/1371216.1371230
    Shim, H., You, K. H., Lee, J. K., & Go, E. (2015). Why do people access news with mobile devices? Exploring the role of suitability perception and motives on mobile news use. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 108-117.
    Struckmann, S., & Karnowski, V. (2016). News consumption in a changing media ecology: An MESM-study on mobile news. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 309-319.
    Soo Jung, M., & Hadley, P. (2014). Routinizing a New Technology in the Newsroom: Twitter as a News Source in Mainstream Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58(2), 289-305. doi:10.1080/08838151.2014.906435
    Strangelove, M. (2015). Post-tv: Piracy, Cord-cutting, and the Future of Television. Toronto:University of Toronto Press.
    Sasseen, J., Olmstead, K., Mitchell, A. (2013). The state of the news media 2013 [ Web blog message]. Retrieved from http://stateofthemedia.org/2013/digital-as-mobile-grows-rapidly-the-pressures-on-news-intensify/#the-second-screen-phenomenon
    Sakas, D. P., Kavoura, A., Tomaras, P., & Constantinides, E. (2014). 2nd Interna tional Conference on Strategic Innovative MarketingFoundations of Social Media Marketing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 40-57. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.016
    Stone, G. C., & Grusin, E. (1984). Network TV as the Bad News Bearer. Journalism Quarterly, 61(3), 517-592. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=14791028&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Stone, G., Hartung, B., & Jensen, D. (1987). Local TV News and the Good-Bad Dyad. Journalism Quarterly, 64(1), 37-44. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=14839448&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Statisa(2016).Number of Facebook users in the United States from 2014 to 2020 (in millions) [ Web blog message].Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/408971/number-of-us-facebook-users/
    Smith, L. K., Tanner, A. H., & Duhe, S. F. (2007). Convergence Concerns in Local Television: Conflicting Views From the Newsroom. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 51(4), 555-574. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=iih&AN=28791426&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Timmins, L. R. (2010). Appealing to the audience: How local TV news content producers learn about the viewers: Philadelphia:Temple University.
    Tsagkias, M., Weerkamp, W., & De Rijke, M. (2009). Predicting the volume of com ments on online news stories. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management.
    Thornton, L.-J., & Keith, S. M. (2009). From convergence to webvergence: trackinf the evolution of broadcast-print partnerships through the lens of change theory. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 86(2), 257-276. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=44128580&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
    Tuggle, C. A., & Huffman, S. (1999). Live news reporting: Professional judgment or technological pressure? A national survey of television news directors and senior reporters. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43(4), 492-505.
    Tuggle, C. A., Carr, F., Huffman, S., Stephens, M., Metzler, K., & Smith, D. (2004). Broadcast news handbook :writing, reporting, and producing in a converging media world. New York: McGraw-Hill
    Vigil, S. A. (2013). What changes await local TV news due to changes in technology? (1551909 M.A.), Gonzaga University, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500825010?accountid=14228
    Van Cauwenberge, A., Schaap, G., & Van Roy, R. (2014). “TV no longer commands our full attention”: Effects of second-screen viewing and task relevance on cognitive load and learning from news. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 100-109.
    Whaley, A. W. (2011). The cable TV news industry at 30 years: Time to change the model that changed broadcast news? (1521023 M.A.), University of Missouri - Columbia, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1114883894?accountid=14228
    Waterman, D., Sherman, R., & Ji, S. W. (2013). The economics of online television: Industry development, aggregation, and “TV Everywhere”. Telecommunications Policy, 37(9), 725-736.
    Ware, J. M. (2012). Still 'Live at the Scene': An Exploration of Timely Television News Broadcasts Repurposed as Online Content. (3538305 Ph.D.), North Carolina State University, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1346218469?accountid=14228
    White, E. L. (2012). New Media in the Newsroom: A Survey of Local Journalists and Their Managers on the use of Social Media as Reporting Tools. (1513087 M.A.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024137155?accountid=14228
    Woodford, D., Goldsmith, B., & Bruns, A. (2015). Social media audience metrics as a new form of TV audience measurement. Producing theory in a digital world, 2, 141-158.
    YouTube. (2016). Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/t/press statistics
    Yuan, E. (2011). News consumption across multiple media platforms: A repertoire approach. Information, Communication & Society, 14(7), 998-1016.
    Zelnick, R. (2003). News Reporting, Television A2 - Johnston, Donald H. Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications (pp. 315-333). New York: Elsevier.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE