研究生: |
李使亭 Lee, Andrea Christine T. |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
臺灣中高齡者社會參與與生活滿意度之關係:成功老化的中介效果 The Impact of Social Participation on Life Satisfaction of Taiwanese Elderly: The Mediating Effect of Successful Aging |
指導教授: |
王雅鈴
Wang, Ya-Ling 張雨霖 Chang, Yu-Lin |
口試委員: |
趙子揚
Chao, Tzu-Yang 蔡松純 Tsai, Sung-Chun 王雅鈴 Wang, Ya-Ling 張雨霖 Chang, Yu-Lin |
口試日期: | 2023/12/04 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 117 |
中文關鍵詞: | 社會參與 、成功老化 、生活滿意度 、臺灣中高齡者 |
英文關鍵詞: | social participation, successful aging, life satisfaction, Taiwanese elderly |
研究方法: | 調查研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400153 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:101 下載:12 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討臺灣中老年人的社會參與、成功老齡化與生活滿意度之間的關係。此外,它旨在檢驗成功老齡化作為社會參與以及生活滿意度之間關係的中介作用。該研究特別針對居住在臺北市大安區和中正區的中老年人,使用便利抽樣法來選擇參與者共收集了238份有效問卷,其中包括106名男性(44.5%)和132名女性(55.5%)。隨後使用SPSS描述性統計和Pearson相關分析來進行統計分析,並使用結構方程模型作為本研究的數據分析。研究結果表示:(1)社會參與以及生活滿意度正相關;(2)社會參與以及成功老化是有相關;(3)成功老化對生活滿意度有顯著影響;(4)成功老化證明其對預測社會參與以及生活滿意度之間關係的中介效果。該研究的結果為對這一特定研究領域有著強烈興趣或熱情的專業人士提供了專門的知識和觀點。
This study seeks to explore the relationship between social participation, successful aging, and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. Additionally, it aims to examine the role of successful aging as a mediator in the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. The research focuses specifically on middle-aged and older adults residing in Da'an and Zhongzheng Districts of Taipei, using the convenience sampling method in selecting participants. A total of 238 valid questionnaires were collected, comprising 106 males (44.5%) and 132 females (55.5%). Subsequently, statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation analysis were presented using SPSS as well as the structured equation model was employed for data analysis. The results of the hypotheses test prove that (1) social participation is positively related to life satisfaction; (2) social participation is related to successful aging; (3) successful aging has a significant impact on life satisfaction; and (4) successful aging fully demonstrate its mediating effect on predicting the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. The findings of the study have provided knowledge and viewpoints specifically for professionals who have a keen interest or passion for this particular field of study.
Achenbaum, W. A. (2001). Productive aging in historical perspective. In N. Morrow-Howell, J. Hinterlong, & M. Sherraden (Eds.), Concepts and challenges (pp. 19–36). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Achterberg, P., Houtman, D., Aupers, S., Koster, W. D., Mascini, P., & Waal, J. V. D. (2009). A Christian cancellation of the secularist truce? Waning Christian religiosity and waxing religious deprivatization in the West. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(4), 687–701.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01473.x
Adams, K. B., Leibbrandt, S., & Moon, H. (2011). A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. Ageing & Society, 31(4), 683–712. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001091
Agli, O., Bailly, N., & Ferrand, C. (2015). Spirituality and religion in older adults with dementia: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(5), 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001665
Amati, V., Meggiolaro, S., Rivellini, G., & Zaccarin, S. (2018). Social relations and life satisfaction: The role of friends. Genus, 74(1), 7–15.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-018-0032-z
An, J. Y., An, K., O'Connor, L., & Wexler, S. (2008). Life satisfaction, self-esteem, and perceived health status among elder Korean women: Focus on living arrangements. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659607313070
Amin, I. (2017). Perceptions of successful aging among older adults in Bangladesh: An exploratory study. Journal of Cross- Cultural Gerontology, 32(2), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-017-9319-3
Arias W., Huamani, J., & Caycho-Rodríguez, T. (2018). Satisfaction with life high school students from the city of Arequipa. Propósitos y Representaciones, 6(1), 351–407.
Ay, S., Yanikkerem, E., Çalim, S. I., & Yazici, M. (2012). Health-promoting lifestyle behaviour for cancer prevention: A survey of Turkish university students. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13(5), 2269–2277. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2269
Baird, B. M., Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). Life satisfaction across the lifespan: Findings from two nationally representative panel studies. Social Indicators Research, 99(2), 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9584-9
Baeriswyl, M., & Oris, M. (2021). Social participation and life satisfaction among older adults: Diversity of practices and social inequality in Switzerland. Ageing and Society, 43, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X21001057
Baheiraei, A., Mirghafourvand, M., Mohammadi, E., Nedjat, S., Charandabi, S. M., Rajabi, F., & Majdzadeh, R. (2011). Health-promoting behaviors and social support of women of reproductive age, and strategies for advancing their health: Protocol for a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 11, 191.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-191
Baker, L. A., Cahalin, L. P., Gerst, K., & Burr, J. A. (2005). Productive activities and subjective well-being among older adults: The influence of number of activities and time commitment. Social Indicators Research, 73(3), 431–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-0805-6
Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2003). New frontiers in the future of aging: From successful aging of the young old to the dilemmas of the fourth age. Gerontology, 49(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1159/000067946
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
Berg, A. I., Hassing, L. B., McClearn, G. E., & Johansson, B. (2006). What matters for life satisfaction in the oldest-old? Aging & Mental Health, 10(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860500409435
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4
Bernard, M. (2004). Social forces and aging: An introduction to social gerontology. In R. C. Atchley (Ed.), Aging & Society (pp. 39–50). Cambridge University Press.
Berry, H. L., & Welsh, J. A. (2010). Social capital and health in Australia: An overview from the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia survey. Social Science & Medicine, 70(4), 588–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.012
Bishop, A. J., Martin, P., & Poon, L. (2006). Happiness and congruence in older adulthood: A structural model of life satisfaction. Aging & Mental Health, 10(5), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860600638388
Bize, R., Johnson, J. A., & Plotnikoff, R. C. (2007). Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in the general adult population: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 45(6), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.017
Blacklock, R. E., Rhodes, R. E., & Brown, S. G. (2007). Relationship between regular walking, physical activity, and health-related quality of life. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 4(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.4.2.138
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1733–1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030
Borhani, F., Kiarsipour, N., Esmaeili, R., & Zayeri, F. (2017). The correlation of aging
perceptions and life satisfaction in Iranian older adults. Annals of Tropical Medicine
and Public Health, 10, 861–868.
Bowling, A. (2006). Lay perceptions of successful ageing: Findings from a national survey of middle aged and older adults in Britain. European Journal of Ageing, 3(3), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-006-0032-2
Bowling, A. (2007). Aspirations for older age in the 21st Century: What is successful aging? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64(3), 263–297. https://doi.org/10.2190/l0k1-87w4-9r01-7127
Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P.A. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? BMJ : British Medical Journal, 331, 1548–1551.
Bowling, A., Hankins, M., Windle, G., Bilotta, C., & Grant, R. (2013). A short measure of quality of life in older age: The performance of the brief older people's quality of life questionnaire (OPQOL-brief). Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(1), 181–187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.012
Boulton‐Lewis, G. M., Buys, L., & Lovie-Kitchin, J. (2006). Learning and active Aging. Educational Gerontology, 32, 271–282.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270500494030
Bredle, J. M., Salsman, J. M., Debb, S. M., Arnold, B. J., & Cella, D. (2011). Spiritual well-being as a component of health-related quality of life: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—Spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp). Religion, 2, 77–94.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010077
Briki, W. (2018). Why do exercisers with a higher trait self-control experience higher subjective well-being? The mediating effects of amount of leisure-time physical activity, perceived goal progress, and self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 125, 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.020
Brooks, A. T. (2010). Aesthetic anti-ageing surgery and technology: Women's friend or foe? Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(2), 238–257.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01224.x
Bryant, L. L., Corbett, K., & Kutner, J. S. (2001). In their own words: A model of healthy aging. Social Science & Medicine, 53(7), 927–941.
Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., Fleischman, D. A., Leurgans, S., & Bennett, D. A. (2009). Association between late-life social activity and motor decline in older adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(12), 1139–1146. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.135
Buffel, T., De Donder, L., Phillipson, C., Dury, S., De Witte, N., & Verté, D. (2014). Social participation among older adults living in medium-sized cities in Belgium: The role of neighbourhood perceptions. Health Promotion International, 29(4), 655–668. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat009
Bukhari, S., & Saba, F. (2017). Depression, anxiety and stress as negative predictors of life satisfaction in university students. Rawal Medical Journal, 42, 255–257.
Bukov, A., Maas, I., & Lampert, T. (2002). Social participation in very old age: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from BASE. Berlin aging study. Journal of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Science and Social Science, 57(6), 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.p510
Buyukcan-Tetik, A., Finkenauer, C., & Bleidorn, W. (2018). Within-person variations and between-person differences in self-control and wellbeing. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 72–78.
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychological Aging, 25(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
Carson, T. L. (1981). Happiness, contentment and the good life. Pacific Philosophical
Quarterly, 68, 378–392.
Chambré, S. (2010). Volunteers: A social profile. In M. A. Musick & J. Wilson (Eds.),
Social forces (pp.1510–1511). Indiana University Press.
Chang, Y. (2003). Discussion on related factors affecting the social participation of the Elderly. Community Development Quarterly, 103, 225–235.
Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Social and emotional aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 383–409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448
Chen, C. (2001). Aging and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 54(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007260728792
Chen, S.-M., & Lin, P.-H. (2014). Regional differences in the relationship between housing arrangements and life satisfaction among older people in Taiwan. Journal of Architecture and Planning, 15(1), 61–82.
Chen, X., & Silverstein, M. (2000). Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents in China. Research on Aging, 22(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027500221003
Cheney, J. (2002). Weight control and physical activity. In H. Vainio & F. Bianchin
(Eds.), IARC handbook of cancer prevention (pp.87–96). International agency for research on cancer.
Cherry, K. E., Walker, E. J., Brown, J. S., Volaufova, J., LaMotte, L. R., Welsh, D. A., Su, L. J., Jazwinski, S. M., Ellis, R., Wood, R. H., & Frisard, M. I. (2013). Social engagement and health in younger, older, and oldest-old adults in the Louisiana healthy aging study. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464811409034
Chiang, L.-Y. (2009). Discussion on the welfare of the elderly in the aging society.
Community Development Quarterly, 125(2), 195–210.
Chiu, T.-Z. (2002). Symbols and construction of old age: Sociocultural turning points in elderly studies. Zhongzheng Books.
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009). American college of sports medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 41(7), 1510–1530. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c
Chokkanathan, S., & Mohanty, J. (2017). Health, family strains, dependency, and life satisfaction of older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 71, 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.04.001
Chou, K.-L., & Chi, I. (2002). Financial strain and life satisfaction in Hong Kong elderly Chinese: Moderating effect of life management strategies including selection, optimization, and compensation. Aging & Mental Health, 6(2), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860220126781
Cimarolli, V. R., Boerner, K., Reinhardt, J. P., Horowitz, A., Wahl, H. W., Schilling, O., & Brennan-Ing, M. (2017). A population study of correlates of social participation in older adults with age-related vision loss. Clinical Rehabilitation, 31(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215515624479
Clare, L., Rowlands, J., Bruce, E., Surr, C., & Downs, M. (2008). The experience of living with dementia in residential care: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Gerontologist, 48(6), 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/48.6.711
Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9, 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 50(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000103
Cosco, T. D., Prina, A. M., Perales, J., Stephan, B. C., & Brayne, C. (2014). Operational definitions of successful aging: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(3), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002287
Courneya, K. S., & Friedenreich, C. M. (1999). Physical exercise and quality of life following cancer diagnosis: A literature review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908298
Croezen, S., Avendano, M., Burdorf, A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2015). Social participation and depression in old age: A fixed-effects analysis in 10 European Countries. American Journal of Epidemiology, 182(2), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv015
Cromley, E. K., Wilson‐Genderson, M., Christman, Z., & Pruchno, R. (2015). Colocation of older adults with successful aging based on objective and subjective measures. Applied Geography, 56, 13–20.
Cromley, E. K., Wilson-Genderson, M., Heid, A. R., & Pruchno, R. A. (2016). Spatial associations of multiple chronic conditions among older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 37(11), 1411–1435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464816672044
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress and subjective well-being among first year UK undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 18(2), 505–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9736-y
Depp, C. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000192501.03069.bc
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2018). Advances and open questions in the science of subjective well-being. Collabra Psychology, 4(1), Article 152115.
https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.115
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Diener, E., Tay, L., & Myers, D. G. (2011). The religion paradox: If religion makes people happy, why are so many dropping out? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1278–1290. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024402
Diggs, J. (2008). Activity theory of aging. In S. J. D. Loue & M. Sajatovic (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health (pp. 79–81). Springer.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.2307/249524
Dorfman, L., & Kolarik, D. (2005). Leisure and the retired professor: Occupation matters. Educational Gerontology, 31, 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270590921645
Douglas, H., Georgiou, A., & Westbrook, J. (2017). Social participation as an indicator of successful aging: An overview of concepts and their associations with health. Australian Health Review, 41(4), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1071/ah16038
Efklides, A., Kalaitzidou, M., & Chankin, G. (2003). Subjective quality of life in old age in Greece: The effect of demographic factors, emotional state, and adaptation to aging. European Psychologist, 8, 178–191.
Elavsky, S., McAuley, E., Motl, R. W., Konopack, J. F., Marquez, D. X., Hu, L., Jerome, G. J., & Diener, E. (2005). Physical activity enhances long-term quality of life in older adults: efficacy, esteem, and affective influences. Annuals of Behavioral Medicine, 30(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm3002_6
Ellison, C. G., Boardman, J. D., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Religious involvement, stress, and mental health: Findings from the 1995 Detroit area study. Social Forces, 80, 215–249. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0063
Enkvist, A., Ekström, H., & Elmståhl, S. (2012). What factors affect life satisfaction (LS) among the oldest-old? Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54(1), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.03.013
Farhangi, M. A., & Vajdi, M. (2020). The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal Vitamin Nutrition Research, 90(5-6), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000648
Feng, Z., Cramm, J. M., & Nieboer, A. P. (2020). Social participation is an important health behaviour for health and quality of life among chronically ill older Chinese people. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1), 299. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01713-6
Fernández-Ballesteros, R., García, L. F., Abarca, D., Blanc, L., Efklides, A., Kornfeld, R., Lerma, A. J., Mendoza-Nuñez, V. M., Mendoza-Ruvalcaba, N. M., Orosa, T., Paúl, C., & Patricia, S. (2008). Lay concept of aging well: Cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 56(5), 950–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01654.x
Fernandez, M. E., Ten Hoor, G. A., van Lieshout, S., Rodriguez, S. A., Beidas, R. S., Parcel, G., Ruiter, R. A. C., Markham, C. M., & Kok, G. (2019). Implementation mapping: Using intervention mapping to develop implementation strategies. Front Public Health, 7, 158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00158
Ferring, D., Balducci, C., Burholt, V., Wenger, C., Thissen, F., Weber, G., & Hallberg, I. (2004). Life satisfaction of older people in six European countries: Findings from the European study on adult well-being. European Journal of Ageing, 1, 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-004-0011-4
Findsen, B. C., & Formosa, M. (2011). Lifelong learning in later life: A handbook on older adult learning. International Review of Education, 59(3), 399–400.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-012-9317-1
Fok, S.-Y. (2010). The meaning of the learning experiences of older adults in Hong Kong. Educational Gerontology, 36, 298–311.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Foster, L., & Walker, A. (2015). Active and successful aging: A European policy perspective. Gerontologist, 55(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu028
Fujita, F., & Diener, E. (2005). Life satisfaction set point: Stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 158–164.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.158
Gana, K., Bailly, N., Saada, Y., Joulain, M., Trouillet, R., Hervé, C., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Relationship between life satisfaction and physical health in older adults: A longitudinal test of cross-lagged and simultaneous effects. Health Psychology, 32, 896–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031656
Gardiner, J. C., Luo, Z., & Roman, L. A. (2009). Fixed effects, random effects and GEE: what are the differences? Statistics in Medicine, 28(2), 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3478
Garms-Homolová, V., Notthoff, N., Declercq, A., van der Roest, H. G., Onder, G., Jonsson, P. V., & van Hout, H. P. J. (2017). Social and functional health of home care clients with different levels of cognitive impairments. Aging & Mental Health, 21, 18–23.
Gaymu, J., & Springer, S. (2010). Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: A gender and cross-country analysis. Ageing & Society, 30(7), 1153–1175. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10000231
Gefen, T., Peterson, M., Papastefan, S. T., Martersteck, A., Whitney, K., Rademaker, A., Bigio, E. H., Weintraub, S., Rogalski, E., Mesulam, M. M., & Geula, C. (2015). Morphometric and histologic substrates of cingulate integrity in elders with exceptional memory capacity. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(4), 1781–1791. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2998-14.2015
Gerstorf, D., Ram, N., Estabrook, R., Schupp, J., Wagner, G. G., & Lindenberger, U. (2008). Life satisfaction shows terminal decline in old age: Longitudinal evidence from the German socio-economic panel study (SOEP). Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1148–1159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1148
Gholizadeh A, Shirani E. (2010). Relationships among individual, familial, social, economic and life satisfaction of the elderly of Isfahan. (2010). Applied Sociology, 21(37), 69–82.
Ghubach, R., El-Rufaie, O., Zoubeidi, T., Sabri, S., Yousif, S., & Moselhy, H. F. (2010). Subjective life satisfaction and mental disorders among older adults in UAE in general population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(5), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2360
Goh, S. L., Persson, M. S. M., Stocks, J., Hou, Y., Welton, N. J., Lin, J., Hall, M. C., Doherty, M., & Zhang, W. (2019). Relative efficacy of different exercises for pain, function, performance and quality of life in knee and hip osteoarthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 49(5), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01082-0
Golden, J., Conroy, R. M., Bruce, I., Denihan, A., Greene, E., Kirby, M., & Lawlor, B. A. (2009). Loneliness, social support networks, mood and wellbeing in community-dwelling elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(7), 694–700. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2181
Gomez, V., Krings, F., Bangerter, A., & Grob, A. (2009). The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.014
Gow, A. J., Pattie, A., Whiteman, M. C., Whalley, L. J., & Deary, I. J. (2007). Social support and successful aging: Investigating the relationships between lifetime cognitive change and life satisfaction. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 103–115.
Greene, J. R. (2019). The politics of the police. In B. R. Bowling & J. W. E .Sheptycki (Eds.), Policing & society (pp. 355–360). Oxford University Press.
Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2008). Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. Psychological Aging, 23(4), 692–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014345
Gu, D., Brown, B. L., & Qiu, L. (2016). Self-perceived uselessness is associated with lower likelihood of successful aging among older adults in China. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0348-5
Gwozdz, W., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2010). Ageing, health and life satisfaction of the oldest old: An analysis for Germany. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 397–417. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40783374
Halpern, D. (2005). Encyclopedia of social network analysis and mining. In R. Alhajj & J. Rokne (Eds.), Social Capital (pp. 1759–1770). Cambridge Polity Press.
Hank, K. (2011). How "successful" do older Europeans age? Findings from SHARE. Journal of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(2), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq089
Harvey, I. S. (2008). Assessing self-management and spirituality practices among older women. American Journal of Health Behavior, 32(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.5555/ajhb.2008.32.2.157
Haskell, W. L., Lee, I. M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., Macera, C. A., Heath, G. W., Thompson, P. D., & Bauman, A. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1423–1434. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27
Haski-Leventhal, D. (2009). Altruism and volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00405.x
Havighurst, R. J. (1961). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 1, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/1.1.8
Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014400
He, Q., Cui, Y., Liang, L., Zhong, Q., Li, J., Li, Y., Lu, X., & Huang, F. (2017). Social participation, willingness and quality of life: A population-based study among older adults in rural areas of China. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(10), 1593–1602. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12939
Headey, B., Kelley, J., & Wearing, A. (1993). Dimensions of mental health: Life satisfaction, positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Social Indicators Research, 29(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01136197
Heller, D., Watson, D., & Hies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
Hendricks, J., & Cutler, S. (2003). Leisure in Life- Course Perspective. In R. Settersten (Ed.), Invitation to the life course: Towards new understandings of later life (pp. 107–
134). Routledge.
Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2017). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare.
Wiley Blackwell.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. American Psychology, 72(6), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000103
Hsu, H.-C. (2007). Does social participation by the elderly reduce mortality and cognitive impairment? Aging & Mental Health, 11(6), 699–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860701366335
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hu, S.-H., & Lin, L.-L. (2014). A study on the life satisfaction of unmarried female nursing personnel. Journal of Cheng Ching Medical and Nursing Management, 10(2), 28–37.
Huang, H., & Humphreys, B. R. (2012). Sports participation and happiness: Evidence from US microdata. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4), 776–793. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.02.007
Huang, X.-J. (2008). A study of elderly autonomy, intergenerational relationships, and life satisfaction [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Fu Jen Catholic University.
Hung, C.-H., & Chou, L.-T. (2012). Family relationships and life satisfaction among middle aged adults. Journal of Human Development and Family Studies, 14, 95–124.
Hyyppä, M. T., & Mäki, J. (2003). Social participation and health in a community rich in stock of social capital. Health Education Research, 18(6), 770–779. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyf044
James, B. D., Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2011). Relation of late-life
social activity with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults.
Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Science and Medical Science, 66(4),
467–473. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glq231
Katon, W. J. (2011). Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness. Dialogues Clinical Neuroscience, 13(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.1/wkaton
Keith, J., Fry, C. L., & Ikels, C. (1990). Community as context for successful aging. In J.
Sokolovsky (Ed.), The cultural context of aging: Worldwide perspectives (pp. 245–
261). Bergin and Garvey.
Khodabakhsh, S. (2022). Factors affecting life satisfaction of older adults in Asia: A systematic review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(3), 1289–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00433-x
Kim, S. H., & Park, S. (2017). A meta-analysis of the correlates of successful aging in older adults. Research on Aging, 39(5), 657–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027516656040
Knowler, W. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Hamman, R. F., Lachin, J. M., Walker, E. A., & Nathan, D. M. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(6), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
Kozar-Westman, M., Troutman-Jordan, M., & Nies, M. A. (2013). Successful aging among assisted living community older adults. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(3), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12027
Krause, N. (2009). Religious involvement, gratitude, and change in depressive symptoms over time. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(3), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508610902880204
Kristeller, J. L., Sheets, V., Johnson, T., & Frank, B. (2011). Understanding religious and spiritual influences on adjustment to cancer: Individual patterns and differences. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 34(6), 550–561.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9335-7
Kumano, M. (2006). The structure of ikigai and similar concepts. The Japanese Journal of Health Psychology, 19, 56–66. https://doi.org/10.11560/jahp.19.1_56
Kutner, N. G., Brogan, D., Hall, W. D., Haber, M., & Daniels, D. S. (2000). Functional impairment, depression, and life satisfaction among older hemodialysis patients and age-matched controls: a prospective study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(4), 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1053/mr.2000.3878
Lacruz, M. E., Emeny, R. T., Baumert, J., & Ladwig, K. H. (2011). Prospective association between self-reported life satisfaction and mortality: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg S3 survey cohort study. BMC Public Health, 11, 579–579.
Lee, S., & Choi, H. (2020). Impact of older adults' mobility and social participation on life satisfaction in South Korea. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 14(1), 4–10.
https://doi.org/ 10.1111/aswp.12187
Lee, S.-G., & Jeon, S. Y. (2005). The relations of socioeconomic status to health status, health behaviors in the elderly. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 38(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.041
Lemon, B. W., Bengtson, V. L., & Peterson, J. A. (1972). An exploration of the activity theory of aging: Activity types and life satisfaction among in-movers to a retirement community. Journal of Gerontology, 27(4), 511–523. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/27.4.511
Levasseur, M., Desrosiers, J., & Whiteneck, G. (2010). Accomplishment level and satisfaction with social participation of older adults: Association with quality of life and best correlates. Quality of Life Research, 19(5), 665–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9633-5
Levasseur, M., Richard, L., Gauvin, L., & Raymond, E. (2010). Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities. Social Science & Medicine, 71(12), 2141–2149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.041
Li, L. (2003). A study on the social participation of retired elementary school teachers in Kaohsiung City. Bulletin of Educational Research, 49(3), 135–156.
Li, H., Chi, I., & Xu, L. (2013). Life satisfaction of older Chinese adults living in rural communities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 28(2), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-013-9189-2
Li, C., Chi, I., Zhang, X., Cheng, Z., Zhang, L., & Chen, G. (2015). Urban and rural factors associated with life satisfaction among older Chinese adults. Aging & Mental Health, 19(10), 947–954. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.977767
Li, C., Jiang, S., Li, N., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator. Journal of Community Psychology, 46, 345–355.
Li, L., & Loo, B. P. (2017). Mobility impairment, social engagement, and life satisfaction among the older population in China: A structural equation modeling analysis. Quality Life Research, 26(5), 1273–1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1444-x
Li, Y., Xu, L., Min, J., Chi, I., & Xie, B. (2016). Social participation and life satisfaction among widowed older adults in China. Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research, 5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7182.1000353
Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386686
Lin, L. (2001). A study of the relationship between elderly participation in learning activities and life satisfaction [Unpublished master's thesis]. National Chung Cheng University.
Lin, L.-H. (2004). The investigation of older adults’ life satisfaction. Hsuan Chuang Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 45–84.
Liu, H., Jiao, J., Zhu, C., Zhu, M., Wen, X., Jin, J., Wang, H., Lu, D., Zhao, S., Wu, X., & Xu, T. (2020). Associations between nutritional status, sociodemographic
characteristics, and health-related variables and health-related quality of life among Chinese elderly patients: A multicenter prospective study [Original Research]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7, Article 583161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.583161
Liu, S., Zhang, W., Wu, L.- H., & Wu, B. (2019). Contributory behaviors and life satisfaction among Chinese older adults: Exploring variations by gender and living arrangements. Social Science and Medicine, 229, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.015
Liu, Y., Dijst, M., Faber, J., Geertman, S., & Cui, C. (2017). Healthy urban living: Residential environment and health of older adults in Shanghai. Health Place, 47, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.07.007
Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386686
Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2014). Life domain satisfactions as predictors of overall life satisfaction among workers: evidence from Chile. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6
Lu, L. (1995). Study on social participation and the happiness of the elderly. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, (1), 21–23.
Lu, N., Spencer, M., Sun, Q., & Lou, V. W. Q. (2021). Family social capital and life satisfaction among older adults living alone in urban China: The moderating role of functional health. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 695–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709155
Lucas, R. E., Dyrenforth, P. S., & Diener, E. (2008). Four myths about subjective well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(5), 2001–2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00140.x
Lum, T. Y., & Lightfoot, E. (2005). The effects of volunteering on the physical and mental health of older people. Research on Aging, 27(1), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504271349
Luoh, M.-C., & Herzog, A. R. (2002). Individual consequences of volunteer and paid work in old age: Health and mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(4), 490–509. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090239
Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Hedonic adaptation to positive and negative experiences. In S. Folkman (Ed.), The oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping (pp. 200–224). Oxford University Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Dickerhoof, R. (2010). A construal approach to increasing happiness. In J. E. Maddux & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of clinical psychology (pp. 229–244). The Guilford Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
Maddux, J. E. (2018). Subjective well-being and life satisfaction: An introduction to conceptions, theories, and measures. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Subjective well-being and life satisfaction (pp. 3–31). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351231879-1
Mahncke, H. W., Bronstone, A., & Merzenich, M. M. (2006). Brain plasticity and functional losses in the aged: scientific bases for a novel intervention. Progress in Brain Research, 157, 81–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57006-2
Maier, H., & Klumb, P. L. (2005). Social participation and survival at older ages: Is the effect driven by activity content or context? European Journal of Ageing, 2(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-005-0018-5
Marquine, M. J., Segawa, E., Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., & Barnes, L. L. (2012). Association between cognitive activity and cognitive function in older Hispanics. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(6), 1041–1051. https://doi.org/10.1017/s135561771200080x
Marmot, M. (2017). The health gap: Doctors and the social determinants of health. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(7), 686–693. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817717448
Mars, G. M., Kempen, G. I., Post, M. W., Proot, I. M., Mesters, I., & van Eijk, J. T. (2009). The Maastricht social participation profile: Development and clinimetric properties in older adults with a chronic physical illness. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1207–1218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9537-4
Martin, P., Kelly, N., Kahana, B., Kahana, E., Willcox, B. J., Willcox, D. C., & Poon, L. W. (2015). Defining successful aging: a tangible or elusive concept? Gerontologist, 55(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu044
Martinson, M., & Minkler, M. (2006). Civic engagement and older adults: A critical perspective. Gerontologist, 46(3), 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/46.3.318
McLaughlin, S. J., Connell, C. M., Heeringa, S. G., Li, L. W., & Roberts, J. S. (2010). Successful aging in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national sample of older adults. Journal of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65b (2), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp101
Mei, C. Y., Qi, Y., & Xu, L. (2006). Gerontology. Wunan Books Publishing.
Mendes de Leon, C. F., Glass, T. A., & Berkman, L. F. (2003). Social engagement and disability in a community population of older adults: The new haven EPESE. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(7), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg028
Menec, V. H. (2003). The relation between everyday activities and successful aging: A 6-year longitudinal study. Journals of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 58(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.s74
Millward, H. (2013). Satisfaction with life along the rural- urban continuum: Key indicators in the halifax region of Canada. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 8, 263–278.
Ministry of Interior. (2019, April 15). The Rank of Life Expectancy at Birth by Country. United Nations World Mortality Data Booklet. https://ws.moi.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvNDAwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xMjg3MS82MjNkMzM0MS1jNjU4LTQ2ZjUtOWNlNy1mZDI3MzZjNmI3ZTIucGRm&n=MjAxOeW5tOWQhOWci%2bW5s%2bWdh%2bWjveWRvS5wZGY%3d&icon=..pdf
Merz, E.-M., Consedine, N. S., Schulze, H.-J., & Schuengel, C. (2009). Wellbeing of adult children and ageing parents: Associations with intergenerational support and relationship quality. Ageing & Society, 29(5), 783–802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X09008514
Montross, L. P., Depp, C., Daly, J., Reichstadt, J., Golshan, S., Moore, D., Sitzer, D., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Correlates of self-rated successful aging among community-dwelling older adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000192489.43179.31
Moody H.R. (2005) From successful aging to conscious aging. In M. Wykle, P. Whitehouse & D. Morries (Eds.), Successful aging through the life span: Intergenerational issues in health (pp. 4838–4848). Springer.
Morell, C. M. (2003). Empowerment and long-living women: return to the rejected body. Journal of Aging Studies, 17(1), 69–85.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(02)00091-9
Morris, J. N., Heady, J. A., Raffle, P. A., Roberts, C. G., & Parks, J. W. (1953). Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work. Lancet, 262(6795), 1053–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(53)90665-5
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189
Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.56
Nakanishi, N. (1999). 'Ikigai' in older Japanese people. Age Ageing, 28(3), 323–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/28.3.323
National Development Council. (2023, December 28). Strengthening population and immigration policies. Population Aging.
https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=85E9B2CDF4406753
Ng, S. T., Tey, N. P., & Asadullah, M. N. (2017). What matters for life satisfaction among the oldest-old? Evidence from China. PLoS One, 12(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171799
Ng, T. P., Broekman, B. F., Niti, M., Gwee, X., & Kua, E. H. (2009). Determinants of successful aging using a multidimensional definition among Chinese elderly in Singapore. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(5), 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819a808e
Nguyen, A. W., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., & Mouzon, D. M. (2016). Social support from family and friends and subjective well-being of older African Americans. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(3), 959–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9626-8
Nkuba, M., Hermenau, K., & Hecker, T. (2019). The association of maltreatment and socially deviant behavior––Findings from a national study with adolescent students and their parents. Mental Health & Prevention, 13, 159–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2019.01.003
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: A Handbook (pp. 97–146). Springer.
Nyberg, L., Lövdén, M., Riklund, K., Lindenberger, U., & Bäckman, L. (2012). Memory aging and brain maintenance. Trends in Cognitive Science, 16(5), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.005
Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. (2010). Religiosity and life satisfaction across nations. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 13(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670903273801
Owen, N., Sparling, P. B., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., & Matthews, C. E. (2010). Sedentary behavior: Emerging evidence for a new health risk. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(12), 1138–1141. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0444
Park, C. L. (2007). Religious and spiritual issues in health and aging. In C. M. Aldwin, C. L. Park, & A. Spiro (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology and aging. (pp. 313–337). The Guilford Press.
Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009). The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 609–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.609
Phelan, E. A., Anderson, L. A., Lacroix, A. Z., & Larson, E. B. (2004). Older adults' views of “successful aging”—How do they compare with researchers' definitions? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52.
Phelan, E. A., & Larson, E. B. (2002). "Successful aging"--where next? Journal of American Geriatric Society, 50(7), 1306–1308. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.t01-1-50324.x
Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., Diez-Roux, A., Kawachi, I., & Levin, B. (2004). “Fundamental causes” of social inequalities in mortality: A test of the theory. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(3), 265–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650404500303
Phulkerd, S., Thapsuwan, S., Chamratrithirong, A., & Gray, R. S. (2021). Influence of healthy lifestyle behaviors on life satisfaction in the aging population of Thailand: A national population-based survey. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10032-9
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15(2), 187–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.15.2.187
Pinto, J. M., & Neri, A. L. (2013). Factors associated with low life satisfaction in community-dwelling elderly: FIBRA Study. Cad Saude Publica, 29(12), 2447–2458. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00173212
Pinto, J. M., & Neri, A. L. (2017). Trajectories of social participation in old age: A systematic literature review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20, 259–272.
Pinto, J. M., & Neri, A. L. (2013). Factors associated with low life satisfaction in community-dwelling elderly: FIBRA Study. Cad Saude Publica, 29(12), 2447–2458. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00173212
Piškur, B., Daniëls, R., Jongmans, M. J., Ketelaar, M., Smeets, R. J., Norton, M., & Beurskens, A. J. (2014). Participation and social participation: Are they distinct concepts? Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(3), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513499029
Ponce, M. S. H., Rosas, R. P. E., & Lorca, M. B. F. (2014). Social capital, social participation and life satisfaction among Chilean older adults. Revista de Saúde Pública, 48(5), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004759
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Touchstone Books/Simon & Schuster.
Reichstadt, J., Depp, C. A., Palinkas, L. A., Folsom, D. P., & Jeste, D. V. (2007). Building blocks of successful aging: A focus group study of older adults' perceived contributors to successful aging. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(3), 194–201.
Rejeski, W. J., & Mihalko, S. L. (2001). Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(Suppl 2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.suppl_2.23
Richards, S. (2018). An actively aging framework for practice. In Teater, B., & Chonody, J. (Eds.), Social work practice with older adults (pp. 396–416). Sage Publications.
Rodgers, V., Neville, S., & La Grow, S. (2017). Health, functional ability and life satisfaction among older people 65 years and over: A cross-sectional study. Contemporary Nurse, 53(3), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2017.1319286
Rolfson, D. (2018). Successful aging and frailty: A systematic review. Geriatrics, 3, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040079
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (2015). Successful aging 2.0: Conceptual expansions for the 21st century. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(4), 593–596. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv025
Rubinstein, R. L., & de Medeiros, K. (2015). "Successful aging," gerontological theory and neoliberalism: A qualitative critique. Gerontologist, 55(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu080
Ruggeri, K., Garcia-Garzon, E., Maguire, Á., Matz, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2020). Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01423-y
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
Schwingel, A., Niti, M. M., Tang, C., & Ng, T. P. (2009). Continued work employment and volunteerism and mental well-being of older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies. Age Ageing, 38(5), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp089
Seeman, T. E. (1996). Social ties and health: The benefits of social integration. Annuals of Epidemiology, 6(5), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00095-6
Seeman, T. E., Rodin, J., & Albert, M. (1993). Self-Efficacy and cognitive performance in high-functioning older individuals: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Journal of Aging and Health, 5(4), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439300500403
Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults. Health Psychology, 30(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022826
Sheldon, K. M., Boehm, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). Variety is the spice of happiness: The hedonic adaptation prevention model. In S. A. David, I. Boniwell, & A. Conley Ayers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 901–914). Oxford University Press.
Sibalija, J., Savundranayagam, M. Y., Orange, J. B., & Kloseck, M. (2020). Social support, social participation, & depression among caregivers and non-caregivers in Canada: A population health perspective. Aging & Mental Health, 24(5), 765–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1544223
Sirven, N., & Debrand, T. (2008). Social participation and healthy ageing: An international comparison using SHARE data. Social Science & Medicine, 67 12, 2017–2026.
Smits, C. H. M., van Rijsselt, R. J. T., Jonker, C., & Deeg, D. J. H. (1995). Social participation and cognitive functioning in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(4), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.930100409
Sposito, G., Neri, A. L., & Yassuda, M. S. (2015). Cognitive performance and engagement in physical, social and intellectual activities in older adults: The FIBRA study. Dementia of Neuropsychologia, 9(3), 270–278.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn93000010
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A, 110(15), 5797–5801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219686110
Stone, A. A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(22), 9985–9990. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003744107
Strawbridge, W. J., Wallhagen, M. I., & Cohen, R. D. (2002). Successful aging and well-being: self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. Gerontologist, 42(6), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.6.727
Suraj, S., & Singh, A. (2011). Study of sense of coherence health promoting behavior in north Indian students. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 134(5), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.90989
Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., Carretta, H., & Terracciano, A. (2015). Perceived discrimination and physical, cognitive, and emotional health in older adulthood. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.007
Takagi, D., Kondo, K., & Kawachi, I. (2013). Social participation and mental health: moderating effects of gender, social role and rurality. BMC Public Health, 13, 701. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-701
Takesue, A., Hiratsuka, Y., Inoue, A., Kondo, K., Murakami, A., & Aida, J. (2021). Is social participation associated with good self-rated health among visually impaired older adults? the JAGES cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 592. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02554-7
Takeuchi, K., Aida, J., Kondo, K., & Osaka, K. (2013). Social participation and dental health status among older Japanese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 8(4), e61741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061741
Tate, R. B., Lah, L., & Cuddy, T. E. (2003). Definition of successful aging by elderly Canadian males: The Manitoba follow-up study. Gerontologist, 43(5), 735–744. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.5.735
Theurer, K., & Wister, A. (2010). Altruistic behaviour and social capital as predictors of well-being among older Canadians. Ageing & Society, 30(1), 157–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X09008848
Thomas, P. A. (2011). Gender, social engagement, and limitations in late life. Social Science and Medicine, 73(9), 1428-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.035
Tian, D., & Meng, J. (2019). Exercise for prevention and relief of cardiovascular disease: Prognoses, mechanisms, and approaches. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 3756750. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3756750
Troutman, M., Nies, M. A., & Bentley, M. (2011). Measuring successful aging in southern black older adults. Educational Gerontology, 37, 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.500587
Ueno, T., Nakagomi, A., Tsuji, T., & Kondo, K. (2022). Association between social participation and hypertension control among older people with self-reported hypertension in Japanese communities. Hypertension Research, 45(8), 1263–1268. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00953-w
Ukawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., Okada, Y., Ito, Y. M., Taniguchi, R., Tani, Y., Sasaki, Y., Saito, J., Haseda, M., Kondo, N., & Kondo, K. (2020). Social participation patterns and the incidence of functional disability: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 20(8), 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13966
Unger, J. B., McAvay, G., Bruce, M. L., Berkman, L., & Seeman, T. (1999). Variation in the impact of social network characteristics on physical functioning in elderly persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54(5), S245–S251. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/54B.5.S245
Upenieks, L., & Liu, Y. (2021). Does religious participation predict future expectations about Health? Using a life course framework to test multiple mechanisms. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 2539–2568.
Utz, R. L., Carr, D., Nesse, R., & Wortman, C. B. (2002). The effect of widowhood on older adults' social participation: An evaluation of activity, disengagement, and continuity theories. Gerontologist, 42(4), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.4.522
Veenhoven, R. (1996). Developments in satisfaction-research. Social Indicators Research, 37(1), 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300268
von Faber, M., Bootsma-van der Wiel, A., van Exel, E., Gussekloo, J., Lagaay, A. M., van Dongen, E., Knook, D. L., van der Geest, S., & Westendorp, R. G. (2001). Successful aging in the oldest old: Who can be characterized as successfully aged? Archives of Internal Medicine, 161(22), 2694–2700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.22.2694
Walker, A. (2009). Commentary: The emergence and application of active aging in Europe. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 21(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420802529986
Wallace, E., Salisbury, C., Guthrie, B., Lewis, C., Fahey, T., & Smith, S. M. (2015).
Managing patients with multimorbidity in primary care. BMJ, 350, 176–181.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h176
Wang, C.-Y. (2004). Changes and continuities in adult education in a changing society. Adult Education, 77, 12–22.
Wang, D., Ou, C.-Q., Chen, M.-Y., & Duan, N. (2009). Health-promoting lifestyles of university students in mainland China. BMC Public Health, 9, 379. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-379
Warr, P., Butcher, V., & Robertson, I. (2004). Activity and psychological well-being in older people. Aging & Mental Health, 8, 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860410001649662
Wei, H.-J. (2009). Theory and Practice of Adult Education Program Development. Wunan Book Publishing Co., Ltd.
Weinstein, M., Glei, D. A., Yamazaki, A., & Ming-Cheng, C. (2004). The role of intergenerational relations in the association between life stressors and depressive symptoms. Research on Aging, 26(5), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504266463
Whisman, M. A. (2010). Loneliness and the metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults. Health Psychology, 29(5), 550–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020760
World Health Organization. (2022). Ageing and Health.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
Wu, M.-L. (2003). Questionnaire Analysis and Applied Statistics, Chicheng Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Division. Taiwan.
Xu, Y. (1997). Research on the current situation and strategies of leisure activities and social participation of urban elderly. Social Security Studies, 4, 2–6.
Yeniaras, V., & Akarsu, T. N. (2017). Religiosity and life satisfaction: A multi-dimensional approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(6), 1815–1840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9803-4
Yeung, G.-T. Y., & Fung, H.- H. (2007). Social support and life satisfaction among Hong Kong Chinese older adults: family first? European Journal of Ageing, 4(4), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-007-0065-1
Zhu, W., Xu, Y., Zhou, J., & Xu, Q. (2016). Relationship between social participation and life satisfaction among older adults. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 179–182.