研究生: |
李詩雯 Li, Shih-Wen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣產草蜥屬核型之研究 The Study on Karyotypes of Grass Lizards (Lacertidae: Takydromus spp.)in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
呂光洋
Lue, Kuang-Yang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 59 |
中文關鍵詞: | 草蜥 、核型 、染色體 、性染色體 |
英文關鍵詞: | Grass lizard, Takydromus, Kayotype, Chromosome, Sex chromosome |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:145 下載:11 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
草蜥屬(Takydromus)隸屬於正蜥科(Lacertidae),台灣產草蜥屬蜥蜴目前記錄包括台灣草蜥(Takydromus formosanus), 雪山草蜥(Takydromus hsuehshanensis), 古氏草蜥(Takydromus kuehnei), 鹿野草蜥(Takydromus luyeanus), 梭德氏草蜥(Takydromus sauteri), 北草蜥(Takydromus septentrionalis), 蓬萊草蜥(Takydromus stejnegeri)與翠斑草蜥(Takydromus viridipunctatu)共八種。前人利用形態特徵、粒線體基因來探討草蜥屬分類與親緣關係,然核型資料卻相當缺乏。本研究探討台灣產8種草蜥的核型資料,並加入前人研究的黑龍江草蜥(Takydromus amurensis)、南草蜥(Takydromus septentrionalis) 與白條草蜥(Takydromus wolteri)資料討論彼此可能關係。
結果發現草蜥屬不同物種的核型相似度高,皆為端著絲點(Telocentric)染色體,可依照對數和性染色體形態分為三群:第一群2n=38~42,具同型性染色體,包含古氏草蜥與泰國族群的南草蜥,第二群2n=40,具異型性染色體,僅梭德氏草蜥一種,第三群2n=38,具異型性染色體,包括台灣草蜥、翠斑草蜥、鹿野草蜥、雪山草蜥、蓬萊草蜥、北草蜥、廣西族群的南草蜥、黑龍江草蜥與白條草蜥,根據爬蟲類演化趨勢及外群染色體數目的比較,推測草蜥屬染色體數目2n=38是演化過程中較晚期出現的特徵。性染色體演化方面,不同大小的草蜥屬Z染色體可能經由體染色體接合並特化而形成,且分別來自不同的起源;而W染色體的相對長度在古老種類中較大,在年輕物種中較短的變化,也許和正蜥科其他類群的W染色體演化過程有相似的模式。
The genus Takydromus belongs to the family Lacertidae. Eight species of grass lizard were recorded in Taiwan, including Takydromus formosanus, Takydromus hsuehshanensis, Takydromus kuehnei, Takydromus luyeanus, Takydromus sauteri, Takydromus septentrionalis, Takydromus stejnegeri and Takydromus viridipunctatu. Most of them are endemic to Taiwan except Takydromus kuehnei and Takydromus septentrionalis. The classification and phylogeny of the genus Takydromus were constructed by morphological characteristics and mitochondrial gene, without kayotype study. In this study I did kayotypes of all Takydromus in Taiwan, and discussed their relationships with Takydromus amurensis, Takydromus septentrionalis and Takydromus wolteri which originate in China.
The kayotypes among species within the genus in Taiwan showed high similarity, all with telocentric chromosomes, and they can be divided into 3 groups based on diploid numbers and types of sex chromosomes: The first group with 38-42 chromosomes and homomorphic sex chromosomes included T. kuehnei and T. septentrionalis. The second group with 40 chromosomes and heteromorphic sex chromosomes included T. sauteri only. The other group comprises the remaining species with 38 chromosomes and heteromorphical sex chromosomes. According to the trend in the evolution of reptilian chromosomes and the diploid numbers of outgroup, 2n=38 was considered as the results from the deduction of chromosome numbers in the evolution process of Takydromus lizards.
Looking at sex chromosome, Z chromosomes were different in size among species investigation which may be originated independently by fusion of autosomes. Evolution of W chromosomes exhibited a trend which was larger in older species while smaller in species evolved later. It may be followed the same steps in evolution of other families of Lacertidae.
Arnold, E. N. (1989). Towards a phylogeny and biogeography of the Lacertidae: relationships within an Old-World family of lizards derived from morphology. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History. Zoology, 55(2), 209-257.
Arnold, E. N. (1997). Interrelationships and evolution of the east Asian grass lizards, Takydromus (Squamata: Lacertidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119(2), 267-296.
Arnold, E. N., C. O. Arriba & S. Carranza. (2007). Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae),with descriptions of eight new genera. Zootaxa, 1430, 1-86.
Bernardi, G. (1993). Genome organization and species formation in vertebrates. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 37, 331-337.
Bhupathy, S., B. Chettri & A. M. Bauer. (2009). Rediscovery and Revalidation of Takydromus sikkimensis (Günther, 1888) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Sikkim, India. Journal of Herpetology, 43(2), 267-274.
Bickham, J. W. (1984). Patterns and modes of chromosomal evolution in reptiles.
Bogart, J. P. (1972). Karyotypes. In: Evolution in the Genus Bufo: University of Texas Press, Austin.
Bogart, J. P. (1973). Evolution of an anuran karyotypes. In: Evolutionary biology of the anurans: University of Missouri Press, Columpia.
Boulenger, G. A. (1894). Description of a new lizard and a new fish obtained in Formosa by Mr. Holst. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6(14), 462-463.
Boulenger, G. A. (1917). A revision of the genus Takydromus. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 5, 207-235.
Britton-Davidian, J. (2001). How do chromosomal changes fit in? Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 14, 872-873.
Cano, J., M. Baez, L. F. Lopez-jura, & G. Ortega. (1984). Karyotype and Chromosome Structure in the Lizard, Gallotia galloti in the Canary Islands. Journaolf Herpetoloy, 18(3), 344-346.
Capula, M., L.Lapini & E. Capanna. (1989). The karyotype of Lacerta horváthi (Reptilia, Sauria, Lacertidae). Genetica, 79(1), 11-16.
Chen, S. H. (2001). Cytogenetic study of the lower central American frogs of the subgenus craugastor (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables.
Chevalier, M., J. P. Dufaure & P. Lecher. (1979). Cytogenetic study of several species of Lacerta (Lacertidae, Reptilia) with particular reference to sex chromosomes. Genetica, 50(1), 11-18.
Chou, W., N. O. Truong & O. Pauwels. (2001). A new species of Takydromus (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from Vietnam. Herpetologica, 57(4), 497-508.
Cole, C. J. (1971). Karyotypes and relationships of the pyrocephalus group of lizrards of genus scelopures. Herpetologica, 27(1), 1-8.
DeWeese, J. E. (1976). The karyotypes of Middle American frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae): a case of the significance of the karyologic method. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Dowling, H. G. & W. E. Duellman. (1978). Systematic Herperology. A synopsis of families and higher categories: Hiss Publ., New York.
Duadin, F. M. (1802). Histoire Naturelle ah Reptiles, 3. Paris: F. Dufart.
Estes, R. (1983). The fossil record and early distribution of lizards: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. pp. 365-398.
Ezaz, T., S. D. Sarre, D. O'Meally Graves, J. A. Marshall Graves & A. Georges. (2009). Sex Chromosome Evolution in Lizards: Independent Origins and Rapid Transitions. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 127(2-4), 249-260.
Günther, A. (1864). The reptiles of British India. London: Pub. for the Ray society by R. Hardwicke.
Ghaffari, S. M. & Parsa, H. (2007). New Chromosome Count on Endemic Subspecies of Laceta princeps subsp. Princeps (Lacertidae) from Iran. Cytologia, 72(2), 205-208.
Gorman, G. C. (1965). Interspecific Karyotypic Variation as a Systematic Character in the Genus Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae). Nature, 208(5005), 95-97.
Gorman, G. C. (1969). New Chromosome Data for 12 Species of Lacertid Lizards. Journal of Herpetology, 3(1-2), 49-54.
Gorman, G. C. (1973). The chromosomes of the Reptilia, a cytotaxonomic interpretation. Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution: Academic Press, London., 349-424.
Herbert, C. M., & M. J. Varley. (1983). Working with animal chromosomes. Chichester, New York: Wiley (ed.).
Jones, K. W. & L. Singh, (1985). Snakes and the evolution of sex chromosomes. Trends in Genetics, 1, 55-61.
King, M. (1981). Chromosome change and the speciation in lizards. Cambridge University Press, London and New York.
King, M. (1993). Species evolution: the role of chromosome change. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Levan, A., K. Fredga & A. A. Sandberg, (1964). Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52(2), 201-220.
Lowe, C. H., J. C. Cole, J. L. Patton. (1976). Karyotype Evolution and Speciation in Lizards (Genus Sceloporus) During Evolution of the North American Desert. Systematic Biology, 16(4), 296-300.
Lin, J. Y. & H. Y. Cheng. (1981). A new species of Takydromus (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 20(1), 43-47.
Lin, S. M., C. A. Chen & K. Y. Lue. (2002). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the grass lizards genus Takydromus (Reptilia: Lacertidae) of East Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22(2), 276-288.
Lodish, H. A. B., C. A. Kaiser, M. Krieger, M. P. Scott, A. Bretscher, H. Ploegh & P. Matsudaira. (2007). Genetic and molecular biology (6th ed.): W. H. Freeman and Company.
Lue, K. Y. & S. M. Lin. (2008). Two new cryptic species of Takydromus (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Taiwan. Herpetologica, 64(3), 379-395.
Luis, F., Lopez-Jurado, J. Cano, & M. Baez. (1986). Estudios sobre la Herpetofauna Canaria I. El Cariotipo de Gallotia simonyi stehlini y de G. atlantica spp. en Poblaciones de la Isla de Gran Canaria1. Amphibia-Reptilia, 7(3), pp. 259-270.
Matthey, R. (1939). La loi de Robertson et la formule chromosomiale chez deux Lacertiens: Lacerta ocellata Daud., Psammodromus hispanicus Fitz. Cytologia, 10(1), 32-39.
Odierna, G., T. Capriglione, E. Olmo, A. Cardone & C. Rosati. (1990). The karyology of some South African lacertids belonging to the genera Heliobolus, Merolles and Pedioplanis. Revue de zoologie africaine, 104(6), 541-547.
Odierna, G., L. A. Kupriyanova, T. Caprigilone & E. Olmo. (1993). Further data on sex chromosomes of Lacertidae and a hypothesis on their evolutionary trend. Amphibia-Reptilia, 14(1), 1-11.
Odierna, G., B. Heulin, C. P. Guillaume, N. Vogrin, G. Aprea, T. Capriglione & L. A. Kupriyanova. (2001). Evolutionary and biogeographical implications of the karyological variations in the oviparous and viviparous forms of the lizard Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. Ecography, 24(3), 332-340.
Ohno, S. (1967). Sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes: Springer Berlin.
Ohno, S. (1978). Major sex-determining genes. Monographs on endocrinology, 11, 1.
Olmo, E. (2005). Rate of chromosome changes and speciation in reptiles. Genetica, 125, 185-203.
Olmo, E. (2008). Trends in the evolution of reptilian chromosomes. Integrative and Comparative Biology 1–8.
Olmo, E., O. Cobror, A. Morescalchi & G. Odierna. (1984). Homomorphic sex chromosomes in the lacertid lizard Takydromus sexlineatus. Heredity, 53(2), 457-459.
Olmo, E., G. Odierna & O. Cobror. (1986). C-band variability and phylogeny of Lacertidae. Genetica, 71(1), 63-74.
Olmo, E., G. Odierna & T. Capriglione. (1987). Evolution of sex-chromosomes in lacertid lizards. Chromosoma, 96(1), 33-38.
Olmo, E., T. Capriglione, G. Odierna. (2002). Different genomic evolutionary rates in the various reptile lineages. Gene, 295(2), 317-321.
Paull, D., E. E. Williams, W. P. Hall. (1976). Lizard karyotypes from the Galapagos Islands: chromosomes in phylogeny and evolution. Breviora, 441, 1-31.
Savage, J. M. (1987). Systematics and distribution of Maxican and Central American rainfrogs of the Eleutherodactylus gollmeri group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Fieldiana Zoology new series, 33, p. 55-57.
Singh, L., I. F. Purdom & K. W. Jones. (1976). Satellite DNA and evolution of sex chromosomes. Chromosoma, 59(1), 43-62.
Singh, L., I. F. Purdom & K. W. Jones. (1979). Behaviour of sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs in somatic and germ cells in snakes. Chromosoma, 71(2), 167-181.
Van Denborgh, J. (1909). New and previously unrecorded species of reptiles and amphibians from the island of Formosa. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4), 3(3), 49-56.
Van Denburgh, J. (1912). Concerning certain species of reptiles and amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4), 3(10), 187-258.
Vidal, N. & S. B. Hedges. (2009). The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332: 129-139.
Volobouev, V., G. Pasteur, J. Bons, C. P. Guillaume & B. Dutrillaux. (1990). Sex chromosome evolution in reptiles: divergence between two lizards long regarded as sister species, Lacerta vivipara and Lacerta andreanskyi. Genetica, 83(1), 85-91.
向高世,(2008)。台灣蜥蜴自然誌:天下遠見出版股份有限公司。
林鈺婷,(2006)。台灣產攀蜥屬之細胞遺傳研究:國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系碩士論文。
胡顧平,(2001)。南草蜥的Ag-NORs和精巢染色體研究。廣西醫科大學學報:18(002),219-221。
胡顧平、接燕榮,(1999)。南草蜥的核型和G帶帶型分析。廣西醫科大學學報:16(002),137-139。
秦姝冕、趙文閣,(2009)。黑龍江省兩種草蜥染色體組型研究。四川動物:28(003),377-378。
郭超文、董永文,與劉光法,(1992)。白條草蜥的染色體組型,C帶和Ag—NORs分析。遺傳,14(1),10-11。
陳雅慧,(2005)。台灣產跑蛛科核型之研究:國立台灣師範大學生命科學系碩士論文。