綜觀設計領域過去關於「同構」的相關研究，數量相對稀少，尚缺乏對同構種類、設計原則的全面統整，及其應用層面與演變脈絡的歷史探討。為彌補此研究空缺，本研究採文獻分析法，系統探討同構的定義、歷史發展與理論基礎，並歸納同構在藝術設計領域中的視覺表現類型。同時，透過內容分析法，分析2014至2024年間國際權威海報競賽（墨西哥國際海報雙年展、芬蘭拉赫第國際海報三年展、波蘭華沙國際海報雙年展、日本富山國際海報三年展、與美國科羅拉多國際海報邀請展）中運用同構的得獎作品，進一步歸納同構的種類與表現手法，與人權海報的運用手法。最終，本研究以創作實驗法設計人權海報，對研究成果進行驗證。研究結果顯示，同構種類可分為「圖形重構」、「圖地反轉」、「座標反轉」、「圖形重構＋座標反轉」及「圖形重構＋圖地反轉」五類。同構的表現手法可分為「重疊融合」、「重複群化」、「漸變」、「反覆」、「對比」、「對稱」、「透視」、「投影」、「扭曲」九類。在國際海報競賽的人權海報中，運用的手法包括「圖地反轉」、「組合」、「破碎」、「模糊」、「對比」、「同構」、「誇飾」、「對稱」、「反覆」、「象徵隱喻」、「文字組構」等11種。研究進一步得出以下結論：（1）海報設計中最常見的同構種類為「圖形重構」；（2）運用「圖形重構」的同構類型，可採取不同的融合方式展現創意；（3）因辨認性與主題因素，「座標反轉」同構類型在人權海報中的應用較少；（4）同構表現手法中，「重疊融合」最常見，而「投影」最具挑戰性；（5）「對比」、「對稱」及「反覆」表現最易運用於人權海報設計；（6）國際海報競賽的人權海報中，常見手法為「對比」、「組合」與「同構」；（7）視覺對比可提升人權海報的視覺張力，並與人權主題呼應；（8）融入特定文化或情境符號的同構，可增加群體共鳴，並引導觀者以自身經驗進行開放性解讀。

A comprehensive review of existing studies on "isomorphism" in the field of design reveals that research in this area is relatively scarce, lacking a systematic categorization of isomorphic types, design principles, and an exploration of its historical applications and evolution. To address this research gap, this study employs literature review method and document analysis to systematically investigate the definition, historical development, and theoretical foundation of isomorphism. It also identifies the visual expression types of isomorphism in the field of art and design. Additionally, through content analysis, the study examines award-winning works incorporating isomorphism from internationally recognized poster competitions held between 2014 and 2024, including the International Poster Biennial in Mexico, Lahti International Poster Triennial in Finland, Warsaw International Poster Biennale in Poland, Toyama International Poster Triennial in Japan, and Colorado International Invitational Poster Exhibition in the United States. This analysis categorizes the types and techniques of isomorphism and explores their application in human rights posters. Finally, the study validates its findings by creating human rights posters using practice-led research.
The results indicate that isomorphism can be classified into five types: "graphic reconstruction," "figure-ground reversal," "coordinate reversal," "graphic reconstruction + coordinate reversal," and "graphic reconstruction + figure-ground reversal." The techniques of isomorphism can be further divided into nine categories: "overlapping fusion," "repetition grouping," "gradation," "repetition," "contrast," "symmetry," "perspective," "projection," and "distortion." In the context of human rights posters from international competitions, the techniques employed include 11 categories: "figure-ground reversal," "composition," "fragmentation," "blurring," "contrast," "isomorphism," "exaggeration," "symmetry," "repetition," "symbolic metaphor," and "typographic construction." The study draws the following conclusions: (1) The most common type of isomorphism in poster design is "graphic reconstruction." (2) Different fusion techniques within "graphic reconstruction" can effectively showcase creativity. (3) Due to recognizability and thematic constraints, "coordinate reversal" is less commonly applied in human rights posters. (4) Among isomorphic techniques, "overlapping fusion" is the most prevalent, while "projection" poses the greatest challenges. (5) Techniques such as "contrast," "symmetry," and "repetition" are the most accessible for designing human rights posters. (6) The most frequently used techniques in human rights posters from international competitions are "contrast," "composition," and "isomorphism." (7) Visual contrast enhances the tension of human rights posters and resonates with the themes. (8) Incorporating culturally or contextually specific isomorphic elements fosters collective resonance and guides viewers toward open interpretation based on their experiences.

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