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研究生：	鍾佳青
論文名稱：	客語類別詞語意研究
指導教授：	李臻儀 Li, Jen-I
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	英語學系 Department of English
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	91
中文關鍵詞：	類別詞、語意原則、原型理論
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：216 下載：46
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摘要

本論文以客語類別詞為主題，從語意學的角度研究客語。除了歸納類別詞的種類外，本文著重探討客語個體類別詞的語意分類原則。在各式類別詞中，尤以個體類別詞最能突顯所指個體的先天特質。
本文第一部分研究客語類別詞種類，旨在歸納其系統的完整原貌，結果發現共計有八項類別詞存在於客語中。第二部分檢視由Tai (1992, 1994) 和Allan (1977) 所提出的語意原則，何者可用來作為客語個體類別詞的語意分類依據，分類原則包括生物性、形狀、大小、質性、和個體部分特徵。本研究提出客語個體類別詞主要以物體的生物性為語意分類依據。而以個體部分特徵這項原則用來作為各語意組別中更細微的分類。
本文第三部分研究客語個體類別詞隻的語意結構。以原型理論(Prorotype Theory)為分析架構，Tai (1992, 1994) 和Allan (1977) 所提出的語意原則為分析依據。研究發現隻共有兩項語意範疇：生物性和非生物性。而非生物性這一組，又可再細分為幾個語意小組。隻擁有多種類的語意範圍的特性，可用來解釋它在日常生活中的高度使用頻率。
本文最後研究間、棟、座這三項個體類別詞的語意結構。以上三者在客語中同為用來描述建築物，屬於功能性的類別詞。經研究發現，這三者各自擁有不同的語意分類範疇，且就像形狀類別詞，這三個功能類別詞同樣能以語意原則來做詳細的語意分析。

ABSTRACT

This thesis is a study of the Hakka classifier system from the semantic perspective. It deals not only with the general classification of Hakka classifiers, but concerns the semantic principles underlying the classification of Hakka individual classifiers, which reveal most about the inherent properties of the objects.
The first part of this thesis investigates the classification of Hakka classifiers. We arrive at a general classification of it in order to get a whole picture of the system. Eight types of classifiers are identified.
The second part of the present study examines the classification of Hakka individual classifiers based on the semantic features proposed by Tai (1992, 1994) and Allan (1977) , including animacy, shape, size, consistency, and parts of object. We propose that the major semantic category for classification is animacy. Both the animal category and the non-shape category are further subcategorized based on the semantic principle-- part of object.
The third part of this research focuses on the categorical structure of zak2 (隻). It is demonstrated that zak2 has two major semantic domains: animate and inanimate. The inanimate category can be further divided into different subcategories. The numerous semantic domains that zak2 possesses may explain its high frequency in daily usage.
At last, the present study investigates the categorical structures of functional classifiers in Hakka, including gien24 (間), dung5(棟), zak2(座). All the three classifiers are building classifiers, but their prototypical members are different from each other. The result shows that they can be further analyzed in terms of specific semantic features such as shape, size, and function.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHINESE ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………….I
ENGLISH ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………..III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………..IV
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………VII
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………VIII

Chapter One Introduction…………………………………………………………....1
1Introduction ………………………………………………………1
2 Theoretical Background………………………………………2
3 Purposes of the Study………………………………………..5
4 Sources of the Data ………………………………………….7
5 Organization of the Thesis………………………………..7

Chapter Two The Classification of Hakka Numeral Classifiers ………………9
1 Introduction ………………………………………………………9
2 The Classification of Classifier Languages…………10
3 The Function of Numeral Classifiers ………………….12
3.1 Classification ……………………………………………12
3.2 Anaphoric Use of Classifiers …………………….13
4 Previous Studies on the Categorization of Mandarin and Taiwan Min Numeral Classifiers ……………………………14
4.1 Chao (1968)…………………………………………………14
4.2 Lyu (1980)………………………………………………….16
4.3 Li and Thompson (1981)……………………………….17
4.4 Wang (2001)………………………………………………..17
4.5 Summary……………………………………………………..19
5 A Previous Study on the Categories of Hakka Numeral Classifiers—Luo (1985)………………………………………………21
6 A New Classification of Numeral Classifiers in Hakka..................................................23
7 Conclusion……………………………………………………………28

Chapter Three Classification of Hakka Individual Classifiers............................................31
1 Introduction………………………………………………………31
2 Criteria for Analysis…………………………………………31
2.1 Adams and Conklin (1973)……………………………32
2.2 Denny (1976)……………………………………………….32
2.3 Allan (1977)………………………………………......34
2.4 Tai (1994)………………………………………………...36
2.5 Wang (2001)…………………………………………………39
2.6 Summary………………………………………………………40
3 Previous Studies on the Classification of Hakka Individual Classifiers…................................41
3.1 Wu (2001)……………………………………………………41
3.2 Chen (2003)…………………………………………………43
3.3 Li (2004)……………………………………………………44
4 A New Classification of Hakka Individual Classifiers……………....................................46
4.1 Category--Animate…………………………………………48
4.2 Category--Inanimate………………………………………49
       3.4.2.1 Shape……………………………………………………..49
       3.4.2.2 Non-shape.................................50
4.3 Summary………………………………………………………………..51

Chapter Four The Categorical Structure of the Classifier Zak2 (隻) in Hakka ......................................54
1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………54
2 Collocation between Classifiers and Nouns…………..55
3 Zak2 (隻) in Hai-lu Hakka (Li 2004)………………………57
4 The Semantic Dimensions of Zak2 ………………………….59
4.1 Category I--[+animate, -in water]………………..60
4.2 Category II--Shape…………………………………………62
4.3 Category III--One of a Symmetrical Pair…………63
4.4 Category IV--Abstract ………………………………….64
4.5 Summary ……………………………………………………….64
5 Conclusion …………………………………………………………65

Chapter Five The Categorical Structure of Classifiers Gien24, Dung5, and Zak2…………………………………………………68
1 Introduction ………………………………………………………68
2 Matsumoto (1993) …………………………………………………69
3 The Semantic Dimensions of Gien24 (間), Dung5 (棟), and Zak2 (座) in Hakka……………………………………………………71
3.1 The Semantic Dimensions of Gien24 (間) …………71
3.2 The Semantic Dimensions of Dung5 (棟)……………74
3.3 The Semantic Dimensions of Zak2 (座) ……………76
3.4 Summary ………………………………………………………77
4 Conclusion …………………………………………………………78

Chapter Six Conclusion …………………………………………………82
1Summary of the Findings ……………………………………….82
2 Further Research …………………………………………………84

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………86
                                

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